Effects of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt and Banana Bunchy Top Disease on farmer household’s livelihood in Burundi

IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization. www.iita.org | www.cgiar.org
1
Effects of Banana Xanthomonas
Wilt and Banana BunchyTop
Disease on farming households’
livelihoods in Burundi
Bizoza Saidi
IITA Burundi
By
IITA-CAH Seminar presentation, Bujumbura,
Burundi.
15th December 2020

Introduction
2
Burundi is among the 20 big producers of banana, banana
occupies 29% of the total area cultivated and contribute
significantly to diet (11%), rural household income (62%) and in
GDP (21%), and hence contribute to food security and
livelihood.
However, BXW and BBTV are the major constraint to this
crop and causes serious yield (90-100%) and economic (M of
US$) losses.
Based on the above, the FAO entered into an agreement with
the IITA in Burundi, in a bid to produce and disseminate tools
aimed at sensitizing the population about BXW and BBTV.
Within that framework, this study on the livelihoods and well-
being of farming households was conducted in Burundi in
December 2014; to analyze the effects of the FAO and IITA
joint intervention, with regards the two crop diseases (BXW
and BBTV) since 2011.

Objectives of the study:
3
 Describe rural households, based on their socio-
economic characteristics, as well as their livelihoods;
 Analyse rural households’ exposure to food risks,
primarily taking into account risks related to banana
diseases;
 Assess progress in handling BXW and BBTV, by way of
the level of knowledge and application of control
techniques advocated by the IITA-FAO joint project,
 Assess the effects of the adoption of the said techniques
on households’ well-being in Burundi.

Methodology
4
The study used SLA to explain how livelihood are affected.
Research Design : Cross-sectional
Data Collection : Questionnaire
Sampling Procedure and size : Multi-stage random sampling
Sample size : 301 (40%)
Data entry and Analysis : SPSS and STATA
Capital
Human
Social
Natural
Financial
Physical
Farming systems
Choice of crops
Use of inputs
Livestock management
Use of labor
Mechanization
Marketing
Overall conditions
Access to market
Access to Health centres
Access to services
Conflict management
Household well-being
Food security
Health/Nutritional status
Income and expenditure

Findings
5
• First specific objective : Households’ description
Socio-economic characteristics of surveyed households
Characteristics Province Overall
(2014)
Overall
(2011)
Bujumbura R. Cibitoke Muyinga
Type of household
% Female-headed Household 22.5 18.5 21.0 20.6 12.9
% Male-headed Household 77.4 81.4 78.9 79.39 87.1
Average size of the HH 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.5
Average age of the HH head 45.7 47.0 44.8 45.8 43.5
% Non-residents 9.4 18.5 4.6 11.1 25.3
Size of the farming enterprise 0.60 0.96 0.70 0.75 0.37
Membership (in some association) 23.3 30.8 67.7 40.5
Approximate years of experience within
the said associations
4.4 9.5 6 6.6
Involvement in community activity. 18.1 23.8 42.0 27.3
Approx. level of instruction (Years) 4 4 3 3.6
Approx. Level of experience in
agriculture (Years)
29.2 29.5 28.0 28.9
Existence of off-farming activity. 60.0 59.3 50.0 56.9
Off-farming activities conducted
Full-time farming 42 39.7 46.1 42.05 40.6
Wage-earning employment 7.2 10.9 19.2 11.79 3.3
Off-farming self-employment 10.1 16.4 7.6 12.31 3.5
On-farming casual labor 1.4 4.1 5.7 2.56 22.1
Off-farming casual labor 13 1.3 1.9 6.67 9.6
Micro-enterprise (Petty trade) 8.7 16.4 11.5 12.31 9.7
Crafting 1.4 2.7 3.8 2.56 3.1
Others 15.9 6.8 1.9 8.72 1.3

6
Description Livelihood Characteristics
(cont..)
Housing conditions Provinces Overall
average
Bujumbura R Cibitoke Muyinga
Number of bedrooms 3 3 4 3.3
Materials making up the walls
Wood 2 3 35.4 13.5
Iron sheets 3 3 37.5 14.5
Clay bricks 88.4 81 85.4 84.9
Baked bricks/stones 6 9 91.6 35.5
Soil-bottomed 3.6 98 50.8
Painted 12.5 22.6 3.2 12.8
Roofing Materials
Straw/Grass/Thatch 28.7 16.3 13.5 19.5
Iron sheets 71.2 82 83.3 78.8
Tiles 1 3.1 2.1
Water sources
Rivers 16.1 4 4 8.0
Fountains 69 92.2 91.5 84.2
Boreholes 3.2 3 4 3.4
Source of energy
Farming residues 11.7 4.5 11.4 9.2
Charcoal 3.1 6.3 5.2 4.9
Firewood 85.1 89.0 83.3 85.8
Health facilities
None 1.0 9.3 6.3 5.5
Septic tank/Cesspool 85.1 77.5 81.0 81.2
Modern toilets /latrines 1.0 1 1.0
Housing conditions among the surveyed households

7
Source of loan
Source of loan %
2011
%
2014
% of this amount,
allocated to
agriculture
Friends or relatives 63.4 52.9 12.3
Public body (Government-led
structure)
- 2.2 4.0
Official commercial bank 2.3 2.2 0
Microfinance institution 13.4 4.8 11.1
Community-based Organization
(CBO)
- 12.0 22.7
Mutual support Group 4.7 21.7 6.6
Private loan structure 6.5 2.2 0
Others 11.0 2.2 0
Total 100 100
(cont..)

8
(cont..)
Market place Province Overall
(2014)
Overall
(2011)
Bujumbura R Cibitoke Muying
a
Local market 65.5 98.1 68.4 78.5 72.0
Trading centre 34.4 1.8 7.3 18.5
At farm level - - 7.3 2.3 27.0
Other - - 1 0.3
Market places/opportunities for agricultural products
in the surveyed area

9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2011 2012 2013 2014
Perception and increase related to risks and shocks
jeopardizing food system across the surveyed area
Drought Flood
Pests and diseases that affect crops Pests and diseases of livestock
Crop theft Cattle theft
Destruction of habitat Death of adult household members
Loss of employment by a member of the household Decrease in agricultural production prices
Growth in agricultural input prices Other shocks
Third specific objective : households’ exposure to food
risks

10
61.6 48.9
44.3 52.3
0
100
2011 2014
BXW BBTV
79.6
46.4
28.9
68.7 67.8
23.7
0
50
100
Bujumbura Rural Cibitoke Muhinga
BXW BBTV
Advancement of the two diseases between 2011
and 2014
Prevalence of banana disease in the surveyed
area
Shocks and risks related to banana diseases
risks (Cont..)

11
risks (Cont..)
4.61
0.71
5.32
8.87
11.35
1.77
51.06
1.42
3.19
11.7
Production of improved crops through adoption
of innovative agricultural technologies
Improved access to business opportunities
favorable precipitation
Increased income through the diversification of
IGA outside the farm
Increased dryness
Increased soil erosion
Decreased soil fertility
Increased flooding
Socio-economic shock
Other (to be specified)
19.72
69.37
10.92
Increased
Unchang
ed
Drop
Change in and reasons behind the situation regarding food security

12
Change in spending for basic needs
37.22
11.65
0.75
5.26
36.84
1.5
6.77
Hausse de prix des biens et service
Accroissement du revenu grâce à la dive
Accès accru aux débouchés
Augmentation de la production de cultures
Faibles récoltes
Choc socio économique
Autre
55.23
34.66
10.11
Accrue
Inchangé
Baisse
risks (Cont..)

13
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Bujumbura rural Cibitoke Muyinga Ensemble
Increase in the use of improved varieties of
banana across the surveyed area
(%)
Fourth specific objective : Progress in handling BXW
and BBTV

14
and BBTV
Described item Province Overall
Banana plantation area 0.23 0.56 0.32 0.38
Source of sowed suckers
Household plantation 23 29.7 38.8 31.1
Neighbors 53.8 61.7 51.7 56.1
NGO 18.4 6.3 5.8 9.4
Other 4.6 2.1 3.5 3.2
% maintained plantation 90.7 84 90.3 88
Age of the plantation
Less than 1 year 15.6 6.6 14.4 11.8
Between 1 and 5 years 51.5 31.1 39.7 39.6
Between 6 and 10 years 9.3 14.4 12 12.2
20 years and over 12.5 13.3 22.8 16.4
Description of banana plantations maintained by
surveyed households

15
Level of adoption of techniques to control banana diseases
Control
practice
Province Overall
(2014)
Overall
(2011)
Bujumbura
R
Cibitoke Muyinga
Disbudding 36.5 27.9 35.6 34.2 17.2
Uprooting
affected
suckers
36.4 34.2 29.4 35.5 -
Sanitazing
farming
tools
41.7 25.7 32.6 26.9 2.7
Use of
healthy
suckers
0.0 80.0 20.0 1.5 -
Limiting
sharing of
plantation
materials
30.0 0.0 70.0 1.5 0.7
Other 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.3 79.4
Overall 37.1 30.0 32.9 100.0 100.0
and BBTV (cont..)

16
Socio-economic description of households regarding use of techniques to
control banana diseases
and BBTV (cont..)
Characteristics
Use of disease control techniques
Test for difference
Using Not using
Female % 15.8 11.1 2.435
[Average] age of
Household head
42.2 45.4 0.865
[Average] years of
education
2.8 2.7 -0.272
[Average] years of
experience in
agriculture
27.9 27.6 -0.172
Time proportion
dedicated to
agriculture
72.7 64.2 -3.359***
Involvement in
community activities
33.5 24.7 2.726*
Membership in a
given association
69.4 30.5 -3.320***
Secondary activity
Residents (%) 89.9 86.4 1.494
Size of the farming
enterprise
0.29 0.41 2.029**

17
BXW impact level on the surveyed household farms
Banana
disease
Provinces Overall %
Proportion of
healthy
banana
plantations
(average in
ha)
3.5 2.9 39.2 14.4
Proportion of banana plantations currently ‘infected’
Below 2% 21.4 22 37.5 26.6
Between 2
and 5%
19.6 35.2 21.4 26.1
Between 6
and 20%
16 14.7 0 10.5
Between 21
and 50%
8.9 7.3 0 5.5
Between 51
and 100%
30.3 17.6 1.7 16.6
Effects of BXW in the plot during last month
Increasing 55.1 56.4 28.8 48.4
Decreasing 32.7 29 62.2 39.3
Unchanged 12 14.5 8.8 12.1
Fifth specific objective : effects of the adoption of
the new techniques on households’ well-being

18
BBTV impact level on surveyed households’ farming
enterprises
Proportion of
banana
plantations
currently
‘infected’
Province Overall %
Proportion of
banana
plantations free
of BBTV
30.1 30.3 76.5 46.3
Below 2% 23.5 7.7 50 20.1
Between 2 and
5%
23.5 22 42.3 25.9
Between 6 and
20%
17.6 24.6 3.8 18.8
Between 21 and
50%
9.8 20.7 3.8 14.2
Between 51 and
100%
25.4 24.6 0 20.7
Fifth specific objective : effects of the adoption of
the new techniques on households’ well-being
(cont..)

19
Conclusion
Most of surveyed households (69.3%) have not experienced
any change affecting their situation with regards to food
security while 55% reported an increase in expenditure on
basic needs.
The results on farming practices among farmers recorded a
high level (77%) of use of improved varieties of banana.
The prevalence of these diseases remains high across the
surveyed provinces. 85% of plantations by area were infected
by BXW and 43% by BBTV.
There was also a marked increase in the level of use of
control practices to curb banana diseases during the period
2011-2014.

20
Recommendation
Stakeholders will have to further involve themselves to
support efforts meant to control banana diseases.
Special attention should be focused on strengthening
farmers’ capacity to maintain macro-propagation in order
to improve access to healthy suckers in a bid to restore
plantations devastated by BBTV and BXW.
The Government should strengthen extension services and
develop a national plan to curb these crop diseases, with
the aim of eradicating them all over the country.

21
Thank
you for
your
Attention

Effects of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt and Banana Bunchy Top Disease on farmer household’s livelihood in Burundi

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (6)

Similar to Effects of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt and Banana Bunchy Top Disease on farmer household’s livelihood in Burundi

Similar to Effects of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt and Banana Bunchy Top Disease on farmer household’s livelihood in Burundi (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Effects of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt and Banana Bunchy Top Disease on farmer household’s livelihood in Burundi