The document discusses running injuries, including their causes, common sites, diagnosis, and management. Some key points: - Knee injuries are the most common, accounting for 40% of running injuries. Other common sites include the lower leg, hip/groin, and foot/ankle. - Injuries are usually due to faulty training techniques, biomechanical abnormalities, pre-existing conditions, or overtraining. - Proper prevention includes gradual training at an appropriate level, proper shoes, warm-ups/cool-downs, and addressing biomechanical issues. - Treatment focuses on RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), exercises, and managing training to allow healing while maintaining fitness

1. Running Injuries
Causes, Prevention and
Management
Dr Sahir Pall
Consultant Sports Medicine
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2. Running Injuries
 Millions of people jog and run, 80%
sustain a running related injury. The
injuries may be minor and some major.
Minor injuries may become chronic
problems if left untreated or treated with
home remedies. The sports physicians
role is not only to diagnose and treat but
to play an active role in the education of
the patients and prevention of these
injuries.
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3. Running Injuries
 Common sites.
◦ Knee account 40% of the injuries.
◦ Medial aspect of Tibia, hip and groin account for
15% of the injuries.
◦ Foot and ankle account for 10% of the injuries.
◦ Back injuries take 5% of the share.
 Injuries are due to
◦ Faulty training techniques.
◦ Biomechanical abnormalities.
◦ Congenital or acquired conditions.
◦ Pre-existing problems.
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4. Injuries- Common sites
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Injuries
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5. Causes of Injuries- Level
 Running injuries related to level of
training.
◦ Level-1- Joggers or recreational runners.
◦ Level-2- Sports runner.
◦ Level-3- Long distance runner.
◦ Level-4- Elite marathoner.
◦ Level-5- Triathlete.
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6. Causes of Injuries
 Training Factors-
◦ Most common and frequent cause.
◦ Intensive workouts, excessive mileage, interval
training on hillocks overwhelms body's
response to new level of stress.
◦ Inadequate warm up predisposes to stress.
◦ Improper running surface with a slant uneven
slope also predispose to injury.
◦ Poorly constructed or worn out running shoes
can also contribute to injuries.
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7. Causes of Injuries
 Biomechanical factors-
◦ Most prevalent in Level 1 and Level 11
runner.
◦ Running gait is an important condition
 Heel strike.
 Pronation and Supination.
 Knee extension and flexion.
 Foot rotation.
 Pelvic movements.
 Posture.
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8. Diagnosis
 Running an important part of injured
patients social and emotional life.
◦ History in a very elaborative method.
◦ Physical Examination.
 Examination of hip, knee and lower leg.
 Examination of foot and ankle.
◦ Radiographic examination.
◦ Biomechanical evaluation.
◦ Other diagnostic procedures.
 Blood studies.
 Arthrography if indicated.
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9. Common Running injuries.
 Knee injuries.
◦ Patellofemoral stress syndrome.
◦ Iliotibial tract friction syndrome.
◦ Popliteal tendonitis.
◦ Patellar tendinitis.
◦ Jumpers knee.
 Lower leg and foot injuries.
◦ Shin splint syndrome.
◦ Anterior compartment syndrome.
◦ Lateral compartment syndrome.
◦ Achilles tendonitis.
◦ Retrocalcaneal bursitis.
◦ Plantar fasciitis.
◦ Sesamoiditis.
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10. Common Running injuries.
 Hip, Buttock and Back pain.
◦ Greater trochanteric bursitis and gluteus
medius muscle strain.
◦ Ischial pain.
◦ Hamstring muscle injury.
◦ Discogenic buttocks and back pain.
◦ Piriformis syndrome.
 Stress fractures.
◦ Metatarsal fractures.
◦ Fibular and tibial fractures.
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11. Common Running injuries.
 Pelvic disorders.
◦ Osteitis pubis.
◦ Illiac crest injuries.
◦ Osteitis condensans illi.
◦ Abdominal fascial injuries.
 Temperature related conditions.
◦ Hyperthermia.
◦ Hypothermia.
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12. Management and Rehabilitation.
 Prevention-
◦ Ideal management of running injuries.
 Appropriate level of training.
◦ Running program for the beginners.
◦ A safe and effective training program.
 Proper running surface.
 Good quality running shoes.
◦ Proper shock absorption, stability, cushioning and
flexibility.
◦ Orthotic devices to compensate for biomechanical
problems.
◦ Shoe modification as per need.
 Warm up exercises.
◦ Stretching exercises.
◦ Strengthening exercises.
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13. Management and Rehabilitation.
 Prevention-
◦Ideal management of running
injuries.
 Most running injuries are treated early.
◦ Rest.
◦ Ice and moist heat.
◦ Compression and NSAID.
◦ Exercise with an alternate fitness program.
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