This is to certify that the research entitled ((Performance of sustainable Mortar using Calcined clay, fly ash, Limestone powder and reinforced with hybrid fiber)) have been conducted at our Technical Engineering College and there is No funding resource for this research from our University.

1. POWER ELECTRONICS AND
APPLICATIONS
Rakan Khalil Antar
Department of Power Electrical
Engineering
Technical College / Mosul

2. What is power electronics
Branch of electrical engineering
devoted to conversion and
control of electric power using
electronic converter based on
semiconductor power switches

3. Input
DC
AC
Output
DC
AC
Choppers
Cycloconverters or controllers
Types of power conversion and the
corresponding power converters

4. Power Electronics Applications
Any load with special voltage/frequency demand
for example:
•
Variable speed motor drives.
•
Power supply circuits.
•
Electric/solar/hybrid Vehicles Propulsion
•
High voltage dc transmission
•
Process control and factory automation

5. Power Electronics Approach
The main objective of the power electronics is to
produce
Efficient and Controllable systems that process
electric power...

6. Semiconductor Switching Devices
•ideal switching devices
•Non-controlled devices (Power Diode)
• Semi-controlled devices (SCR, Triac)
•Fully controlled devices
(GTO, BJT, Power MOSFET, IGBT, MCT)

7. Fully Controllable Switches
GTO (Gate turn-off thyristor)
BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor)
Power MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field
Effect Transistor)
IGBT (Isolated-Gate BJT)
MCT (MOSFET-Controlled Thyristor)

8. Ideal Switch Characteristics
•Conduction (ON-state) resistance = 0 
•Blocking (OFF-state) resistance =  
•Instantaneous Switching, or zero switching
time.
•Fully Controlled.

9. Power Diodes
IFM
VFM
IRM
VBR
V
A K
i

10. Thyristor Family
Thyristors
Uncontrollable Half-controllable Fully-controllable
Diode
Reverse-Blocking
Triode Thyristor
SCR
Bidirectional
Triode Thyristor
Triac
Gate-Turn Off
Thyristor
GTO
MOSFET-
Controlled Thyristor
MCT

11. Silicon Controlled Rectifier, SCR
K
V
A
G
I
IG0
IG1
IG2
IG3
IG4
IG4 < IG3 <IG2<IG1<IG0=0
ITH
VTH
VRB
IL
IH
I
V
VFB

12. How the SCR can be turned ON?
2. Through the Gate: If the Anode current (IT) increased to
higher than the device latching current (IL), while the gate
pulse is being applied.
1. If the forward voltage (VAK) acceded the forward
blocking voltage of the device (VFB)

13. How the SCR can be turned OFF?
SCR can be turned-off ,when the forward conduction current
be reduced to a value below the holding current (Ih ) of the
devices for sufficient time.
In AC circuits SCR turns OFF as the currents tends to
change its polarity (natural commutation)
In DC circuits, to turn OFF the SCR an additional
auxiliary circuit is applied to bring the SCR to zero
(forced commutation)

14. AC-to-DC Converters
Uncontrolled and controlled Rectifiers
1. Three-pulse rectifier
2. Six pulse rectifier

15. Three-Pulse Diode Rectifier
N
VAN
VBN
VCN
DA
DB
DC
Vo
Io

16. 0 p/6 5p/6 3p/2
Van
Vbn
Vcn
DA DB DC

17. vo
p
LN
p
LN
dc
o
V
t
d
t
V
V
,
6
5
6
,
,
2
3
3
)
sin(
2
3
p


p
p
p

 
0 p/6 5p/6 3p/2

18. Six Pulse Diode Rectifier
VAN
VBN
VCN
DA DB DC
DA- DB- DC-
Io
N
Vo
P
N

19. van vbn vcn
DA DB DC
DA- DB-
DC-
DB-
0° 30° 90° 150° 210° 270° 330° 390°

20. Controlled Rectifier
VAN
VBN
VCN
N
Vo
TA TB TC
TA' TB' TC'
a
a+p/3
a+2p/3
a+p
a+4p/3
a+5p/3
I
o
p
n

21. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Vout,dc verses Alpha
alpha(degree)
Vout,dc/Vll,p
Vo,dc is negative
for a >90°

22. io
vo VAN
VBN
VCN
N
Vo
I
o
VAN
VBN
VCN
N
Vo
TA TB TC
TA' TB' TC'
a
a+p/3
a+2p/
3
a+p
a+4p/3
a+5p/3
I
o
1
2
3 4

23. Common Applications
AC-to-DC converter applications:
•DC motor supply.
•High voltage DC transmission.
•Supply DC-fed converters (such as inverters).
•Battery chargers.
•Electric Welding.