The advancement of technology plus with the non-stop information through social media creating impact in this 21st century. Social Media has become a primary organizing tool for political and social movements globally. They serve to strengthen already existing networks of political and social relationships among activists offline.

1. THE RISE OF ACTIVISM
[SSKM-SSU(UK)]

2. The Rise of Activism
The advancement of technology plus with the non-stop
information through social media creating impact in this
21st century.
Social Media has become a primary organizing tool for
political and social movements globally.
They serve to strengthen already existing networks of
political and social relationships among activists offline.

4. Social Media Impact to Nation
1. Media activism among youth can be linked to the way youth protest
and create communities online over specific issues and social
connections.
2. Venezuela, China, Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street is the
example on how social media impact the situation.
3. There's a lot of information we can dig in web as the age of
information offer us two condition -bad and good-, any information
need to linked with truth so that we're not just talking without any
proof.
4. In Malaysia also the social media especially activism is not left
behind because government and opposition, both are trying to tell
their work and plan.

5. Expert says ;
“Social media is
important because it’s a
new tool and everyone is
using it, and it obviously
played a big role in the last
2013 elections among the
Internet-connected, urban
and middle class voters,”
Dr Hah Foong Lian, Lecturer in
Journalism.
Monash University Malaysia

6. “With social media, even
politically apathetic people may
be forced to face social and
political issues. For example, if
my friend on Facebook posts
something political on his wall,
I’m in a way compelled to think
about it and maybe also
respond,”
Dr Julian Hopkins, Lecturer in Communication
Monash University Malaysia
Expert says ;

7. Activism In Malaysia (Youth)
Muhammad Safwan Anang, the
leader of Solidariti Mahasiswa Muda
(SMM), a coalition of 11 student
groups, said the “vocal” method is
one of last resort, saying that they
would always start with dialogue and
forums first.
Adam Adli Abdul Halim, 25, who
has been regularly arrested and
charged in court for his activism,
said he hoped that the next
generation would not have to be
so “vocal” to make their point.

8. Sarawak (Activism)
Eg:- of NGO
Sarawak Dayak Iban
Association (SADIA
HQ) :- More to land
and survey service to
people who fight for
the lands
BRIMAS (More on
land matters)
SAVE RIVES (River &
Dam)

9. Movement Base
How Malaysia is being establish?
- 18 & 20 Points of Agreement
- Malaysia Agreement 1963
- Nine Cardinals of Principle (Sarawak)
- The Federal Constitution (1963)
- Report of IGC 1962 (Inter Governmental
Committee)

10. SABAH SARAWAK KELUAR
MALAYSIA (SSKM)
Facebook Group (Sabah Sarawak Rights)
https://www.facebook.com/groups/214674018659603/

11. SSKM Flow History
(Summary)
What is SSKM?
• SSKM Group Sarawak representative
Dum Spiro Spero | Pergo Et Perago
While I breath, I hope

12. Vision : - To champion and increase the strength of Sarawak
& Sabah genuine national identity.
- To lead secession of Sarawak and Sabah from the
Federation of Malaysia.
Mission : - To spread the public awareness to the
citizens of Sabah and Sarawak nations of their genuine identity.
- To further enhance nation building by spreading
awareness of the original constitution and it’s base namely the 18 & 20
Points of Agreement.
- To keep the pace in track toward total
independence of Sabah and Sarawak
Nations before ICJ, UN and OIC.

13. What's happen?
A group of professionals from various education and
profession background
- Convene to create a facebook group
- First established in 2011
- With 24 initial administrators
- Basic knowledge approach
- Research & Investigation
- Information Proofing/counter-checking
- Summarizing & exposure
- Education & Awareness

14. 2013 - More meet up is being organised but the turn up
not really good.
The Admin of the Page maintain the high standard for
members to comment.
2014 - Sarawak for Sarawakians is a big wave that done
by concerned Sarawak citizen's to raise up the rights that
been hidden for 50 years.
***SSKM Sarawak Administrative did not approve if
someone demand on exposure of the technical aspect of
SSKM for the safety of Negara Sarawak and Sabah
reason***

15. SSKM OBJECTIVE

16. A) What is 18 & 20 Points?
Sarawak North Borneo (Sabah)
 List of points drawn up by Sarawak (18 Points) and North Borneo (20 Points),
proposing terms for its incorporation into Malaysia, during negotiations prior to
the creation of the new federation in 1963.
 In the Malaysia Bill of the Malaysia Agreement some of the 18/20 points were
incorporated, to varying degrees, into what became the Constitution of Malaysia;
others were merely accepted orally, thus not gaining legal status.
 The 18/20-point agreement often serves as a focal point among those who argue
that Sabah's rights within the Federation have been eroded over time.

17. Point1 :-Religion
 While there was no objection to Islam being the national religion
of Malaysia there should be no State religion in North Borneo, and
the provisions relating to Islam in the present Constitution of
Malaya should not apply to North Borneo.
Point2:-Language
 Malay should be the national language of the Federation
 English should continue to be used for a period of 10 years after
Malaysia Day
 English should be an official language of North Borneo for all
purposes, State or Federal, without limitation of time.

18. Point3: Constitution
 Whilst accepting that the present Constitution of the Federation of
Malaya should form the basis of the Constitution of Malaysia, the
Constitution of Malaysia should be a completely new document
drafted and agreed in the light of a free association of states and
should not be a series of amendments to a Constitution drafted
and agreed by different states in totally different circumstances.
 A new Constitution for North Borneo was of course essential.
Point4: HeadofFederation
 The Head of State in North Borneo should not be eligible for
election as Head of the Federation.

19. Point5: NameofFederation
 “Malaysia” but not “Melayu Raya”
Point6: Immigration
 Control over immigration into any part of Malaysia from outside
should rest with the Central Government but entry into North
Borneo should also require the approval of the State Government.
The Federal Government should not be able to veto the entry of
persons into North Borneo for State Government purposes except
on strictly security grounds. North Borneo should have unfettered
control over the movements of persons other than those in Federal
Government employ from other parts of Malaysia into North
Borneo.

20. Point7: RightofSecession*
 There should be no right to secede from the Federation.
Point8: Borneanisation
 Borneanisation of the public service should proceed as quickly
as possible.
Point9: BritishOfficers
 Every effort should be made to encourage British Officers to
remain in the public service until their places can be taken by
suitably qualified people from North Borneo

21. Point10: Citizenship
 The recommendation in paragraph 148(k) of the Report of the
Cobbold Commission should govern the citizenship rights in
the Federation of North Borneo subject to the following
amendments:
a) sub-paragraph (i) should not contain the proviso as to five
years residence
b) in order to tie up with our law, sub-paragraph (ii)(a) should
read “7 out of 10 years” instead of “8 out of 10 years”
c) sub-paragraph (iii) should not contain any restriction tied to
the citizenship of parents – a person born in North Borneo
after Malaysia must be federal citizen.

22. Point11: TariffsandFinance
 North Borneo should retain control of its own finance,
development and tariff, and should have the right to work up its
own taxation and to raise loans on its own credit.
Point12: Specialpositionofindigenousraces
 In principle the indigenous races of North Borneo should enjoy
special rights analogous to those enjoyed by Malays in
Malaya, but the present Malaya formula in this regard is not
necessarily applicable in North Borneo.

23. Point13: StateGovernment
a) the Prime Minister should be elected by unofficial members
of Legislative Council
b) There should be a proper Ministerial system in North Borneo.
Point14: Transitionalperiod
This should be seven years and during such period legislative
power must be left with the State of North Borneo by the
Constitution and not be merely delegated to the State
Government by the Federal Government.

24. Point15: Education
 The existing educational system of North Borneo should be
maintained and for this reason it should be under state
control.
Point16: Constitutionalsafeguards
 No amendment modification or withdrawal of any special
safeguard granted to North Borneo should be made by the
Central Government without the positive concurrence of the
Government of the State of North Borneo
 The power of amending the Constitution of the State of North
Borneo should belong exclusively to the people in the state.

25. Note:
 The United Party, The Democratic Party and the Pasok Momogun Party
considered that a three-fourth majority would be required in order to
effect any amendment to the Federal and State Constitutions whereas
the UNKO and USNO considered a two-thirds majority would be
sufficient.
UNKO (United Kadazan National Organisation, UNKO)
Sebuah parti politik yang ditubuhkan bagi masing memperjuangkan nasib
dan masa depan bangsa KDM. UNKO diasaskan oleh Huguan Siou
masyarakat KDM yang pertama, Dato Donald Stephens (kemudiannya
Tun Fuad Stephens) pada Ogos 1961, berikutan cadangan Tunku Abdul
Rahman, Perdana Menteri Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, untuk
menubuhkan satu gagasan negara yang baru yang dipanggil Malaysia.
Usaha itu di panggil Projek Malaysia.
Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Kadazan Bersatu kemudiannya bergabung
dengan Pertubuhan Pasok Momogun Bersatu bagi menubuhkan
Pertubuhan Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Bersatu UPKO yang
lahir pada Mei 1964.

26. United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)
Parti politik yang berpusat di Sabah, Malaysia. Parti ini diasaskan oleh Tun Datu
Mustapha Datu Harun, Ketua Menteri ketiga Sabah. Parti itu berjaya memerintah
selepas memenangi pilihanraya negeri 1967. USNO kekal berkuasa sehingga
1975 di bawah kepimpinan Tun Mustapha, dan sehingga 1976 di bawah Mohamed
Said Bin Keruak.
Sebelum pembentukan Malaysia pada 16 September, 1963, USNO memainkan
peranan penting dalam kerjasama dengan UPKO (United Pasokmomogun
Kadazandusun Organisation), yang dipimpin oleh Tun Fuad Stephens, dan dalam
Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, dalam mendapat kemerdekaan daripada Great
Britain.
Pada tahun 1975, setiausaha agung USNO Harris Salleh meninggalkan parti tersebut
dan bergabung dengan UPKO untuk membentuk sebuah parti baru yang
dinamakan Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah (BERJAYA). Parti baru ini berjaya
mengalahkan USNO pada pilihanraya negeri 1976 untuk membentuk kerajaan
sehingga 1985. Selepas kekalahan itu, USNO seringkali meneruskan untuk
menyertai pilihanraya negeri 1981, 1985, 1986, dan 1990, memenangi beberapa
buah kerusi, tetapi tidak pernah cukup untuk membentuk kerajaan semula.
Pada tahun 1990, USNO bergabung dengan BERJAYA untuk membawa UMNO
melebarkan sayap ke Sabah. Tun Mustapha menjadi pengerusi pertama UMNO
Sabah setelah Usno dibubarkan untuk bergabung dengan UMNO pada tahun
1991.

27. Point17: RepresentationinFederalParliament
This should take account not only of the population of North Borneo but also
of its size and potentialities and in any case should not be less than that of
Singapore.
Point18: NameofHeadofState
Yang di-Pertua Negara.
Point19: NameofState
Sabah

28. Point20: Land, Forests, LocalGovernment, etc.
The provisions in the Constitution of the Federation in respect of the powers
of the National Land Council should not apply in North Borneo. Likewise,
the National Council for Local Government should not apply in North
Borneo.

29. POINT 7*
 The difference between “shall” and “should” in British English is
somewhat different: “shall” often expressing a COMMAND on the
speaker’s part, and “should” merely a DESIRE, as in “You shall go to
the doctor” vs. “You should go to the doctor.”
 And yet if we paraphrase POINT 7 as saying, “The Point 7 of the
Agreement of Malaysia desires that Sabah & Sarawak not to secede
from the Federation,” is this significantly better for Sabah &
Sarawak?
 How big an improvement over flouting the POINT 7’s command
would be flouting the POINT 7’s desire??

30. Lord Lansdowne: Sabah & Sarawak has the right to secede by principle
that when the merger done.
The 18-point agreement, or the 18-point memorandum, was a list
of 18 points drawn up by Sarawak, proposing terms for its
incorporation into Malaysia, during negotiations prior to the
creation of the new federation in 1963.
A Commission of Enquiry, headed by Lord Cameron Cobbold,
and The Lansdowne Committee, an inter-governmental
committee, were appointed to aid in the drafting of the
Malaysia Agreement. Lord Lansdowne served for Britain and
Tun Abdul Razak, Deputy Prime Minister of the Federation of
Malaya, served for Malaya.(3)
The 18 points were based on the
Nine Cardinal Principles of the rule of the English Rajah.(4)(5)
A
similar memorandum, known as the 20-point agreement, was
prepared and submitted by Sabah. These memoranda are
often cited by those who believe that Sarawak's and Sabah's
rights within Malaysia have since been eroded.

31. SARAWAK ( 9 Cardinal of 1941)
 The Nine Cardinal Principles of the rule of the English Rajah
is the Preamble of the Sarawak Constitution 1941, the
document setting forth the Sarawak Constitution 1941 opened
by enunciating the Cardinal Principle were edict by Charles
Vyner Brooke, the White Rajah of Sarawak on 24 September
1941 known as the Nine Cardinal Principles of the rule of the
White Rajah later adopted into the Nine Cardinal Principles of
the rule of the English Rajah.
The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946

41. Sarawak for Sarawakians is based on 9 Cardinal of Sarawak
Constitution.
Malaya maybe proud of their Monarchy system,but Sarawak
have their identity that we called the 9 Cardinal as mentioned.

42. Sarawak Kingdom (1841)
North Borneo (1881)
Federation of
Malaya (1957)
Singapore (1959)
Sarawak British
Crown Colony (1946)
North Borneo British
Crown Colony (1946)
Negara Sarawak
(1963)
Negara Sabah (1963)
Federated Malaya
British Colony (1948)
Singapore Straits
Settlement (1948)
Pre-Malaysia Event
Post-Malaysia Event
Singapore
Federation of
Malaya
Sarawak
Sabah
Federation of
Malaysia (1963)
Sarawak Sabah
Pahang Selangor
Johor Negeri Sembilan
Malacca Penang
Perak Kedah
Perlis Kelantan
Terengganu Fed. Territories
“Singapore Exit”
August 9, 1965
“Neo-Malaysia”
1976
The Timeline

43. Point to Ponder
To talk about the Malaysia Agreement 1963 without showing our own stupidity, we must at least read the
following primer:
- The Cobbold Commission Report 1962
- The Inter-Government Committee Report (IGC) 1963
- The Malaysia Agreement 1963
There are two things that everyone must learn from the IGC. Firstly, the IGC is where five political parties from
Sabah submitted their memorandum on the 29th August 1962.
Today this memorandum is commonly known as the 20 points. The 20 points is a memorandum and NOT an
agreement as asserted by the Minister.
As a memorandum the 20 point document was submitted to the IGC for consideration by the committee
members.
The IGC was headed by Lord Lansdowne the British Minister of State for Colonial Affairs.
Its tasks was “to work out the future constitutional arrangements, including safeguards for the special interest
of North Borneo and Sarawak to cover such matters as religious freedom, education, representation in the
Federal Parliament, the position of the indigenous races, control of immigration, citizenship and the State
Constitution”.
Therefore, the 20 points memorandum was incorporated into the IGC report.
The IGC report has 37 points and NOT just 20 points.

44. Secede or not?
The IGC report is the framework to formulate the Malaysia Agreement 1963.
The IGC is NOT the Malaysia Agreement 1963. It is just a report and accepted by the governments.
The IGC has similar function to the Reid Commission which drafted the Constitution for the Federation of
Malaya. The IGC report was accepted and signed on Feb 27, 1963 by the United Kingdom, North Borneo,
Federation of Malaya and Sarawak
Secondly, the 20 point memorandum submitted by the five political parties contain a secession clause which is
point No. 7.
In this clause it was specified that there shall be no secession which means that Sabah cannot secede from
Malaysia.
However, the issue of secession was not included in the IGC report.
The reason given by Lord Lansdowne was that “any State voluntarily entering a federation had an intrinsic right
to secede at will, and that it was therefore unnecessary to include it in the Constitution”.
Basically what it means here is that Sabah and Sarawak is free to form Malaysia, it is also therefore free to
leave.
Sabah and Sarawak does not need the approval of each of the states to leave. Sabah and Sarawak does not
need the support of the Rulers Council to leave.

45. INDEX
Bastin, John Sturgus (1979). Malaysia; Selected Historical
Readings. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN
9783262012165.3
Jump up ^ Rawlins, Joan (1965). Sarawak - 1839 to 1963.
Macmillan & Company, (Original from the University of
Michigan Press. p. 240.4
Jump up ^ Sarawak Constitution5