The document provides an overview of perspectives on water through history from ancient Greece to modern times. It covers topics like ancient Greek mythology of water being dominated by masculine figures, engineering approaches to water systems from ancient Rome through the medieval period, the transition from a qualitative to quantitative understanding of water from the 17th century onwards, and philosophical perspectives on water in the 20th century that emphasized it as both a physical resource and something with deeper symbolic meaning. The document examines water from cultural, technological, philosophical and historical lenses.

1. WATER
L’EAU
BRAND MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
March,2nd 2015
reviewed and completed January’s version
SOPHYA MANTILLA

2. WATER
1. ANCIENT GREECE
2. PHILOSOPHY, ENGINEERING & CULTURE
3. FROM PRE-MODERN WATER TO MODERN WATER
4. FOCUS ON NUMBERS & CARTOGRAPHY
5. WOMEN’S VOICES, THE DISRUPTER & GEOGRAGRAPHY
6. BACK TO MATERIALITY
7. MEANING, INNOVATION, CREATION & TECHNOLOGY

3. WATER
1. ANCIENT GREECE
2. PHILOSOPHY, ENGINEERING & CULTURE
3. FROM PRE-MODERN WATER TO MODERN WATER
4. FOCUS ON NUMBERS & CARTOGRAPHY
5. WOMEN’S VOICES, THE DISRUPTER & GEOGRAGRAPHY
6. BACK TO MATERIALITY
7. MEANING, INNOVATION, CREATION & TECHNOLOGY

4. CREDITS
Thierry Houlle / Penser l’eau en Grèce Ancienne
WATER
Photography:
UNKNOWN / Poseidon holding trident
Corinthian plaque, 550-525 BC. From Penteskouphia - WIKIMEDIA
MYTHOLOGY / ANCIENT GREECE
 Numerous divinities related to
THE RIVERS & THE LAKES
[early half-day]
THE SEA
[late half-day]
 Elements related to the
 origins
 source of life
 multiple
in shapes and diversity
A multiple nature
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

5. WATER
NYMPHS
Feminine divinities characterizing the vital force
of nature, who haunted the waters, the forest
and the mountains represented as a gracious
yound woman.
NAÏADES
Nymphs of springs and small rivers..
OCEANIDS
Nymphs of the sea, daughters of Okeanos
and Tethys
CREDITS
Thierry Houlle / Penser l’eau en Grèce Ancienne
MYTHOLOGY / ANCIENT GREECE
To the places printed by the water-flow is attached the
impression of
- grace
- feminity
- representing elsewhere the other
components of nature
Photography:
GUSTAVE DORÉ, Les Océanides - WIKIMEDIA
A side feminity
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

6. WATER
CREDITS
Thierry Houlle / Penser l’eau en Grèce Ancienne
MYTHOLOGY / ANCIENT GREECE
 related to the skyand the rain that depend
on the action of
Photographies:
PETRA, Jordanie – Vie sicèle - WIKIMEDIA
A masculine
leadership
POSEIDON
Sovereign of the seas
ACHELOOS
Nurturing divinity
Father of the rivers
OKEANOS
River god that represents the
water elements
ZEUS
master of the clouds
TETHYS
Daughter of Urano & Gaia.
 Considered as
Archaïc
Without influence
Recordless
 With OKEANOS,she founded the
original couple of the Iliad
theogony at the stem of
- the primeval waters,
- their virtues & influence on the
concluded world : fruitful values
exclusively capable of ensuring the
permanence & the continuity of the
universe.
A unique titanide
WIKIPEDIA
JEAN RUDHART / Le Thème de l'eau primordiale dans la mythologie
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

7. WATER
A masculine dominance
A unique feminine representation, ominous & archaïc
Less dominant feminine figures
MYTHOLOGY / Ancient Greece
A mythology of water
established upon the
masculine ministry.
« en français les noms des fleuves sont
généralement au féminin. C’est si naturel !
L’Aube, et la Seine, la Moselle et la Loire
sont mes seules rivières. Le Rhône et le
Rhin sont, pour moi, des monstres
linguistiques. Ils charrient l’eau des
glaciers. Ne faut-il pas des noms féminins
pour respecter la féminité de l’eau
véritable? » - Gaston Bachelard
in Gaston Bachelard’s L’Eau et les rêves: conquering the
feminine element - WENDY O’SHEA-MEDDOUR
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

8. WATER
1. ANCIENT GREECE
2. PHILOSOPHY, ENGINEERING & CULTURE
3. FROM PRE-MODERN WATER TO MODERN WATER
4. FOCUS ON NUMBERS & CARTOGRAPHY
5. WOMEN’S VOICES, THE DISRUPTER & GEOGRAGRAPHY
6. BACK TO MATERIALITY
7. MEANING, INNOVATION, CREATION & TECHNOLOGY
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

9. WATERPHILOSOPHY / ANCIENT GREECE & ROME
CREDITS
Photography : WIKIMEDIA
Ancient Roman Industrial Watermills
YOUTUBE
In the beginning was
the water from where
emerges everything
FIRST
COSMOGONIES
Mouvement
Fluidity
Life
At the very
beginning of
the entire
history of water
THALÈS
Fertile
but
Corruptible
The need of law to
protect it & regulate
the conflicts
(Les lois L.VIII)
PLATON
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE
ENGINEERING / Rome
Roman Industrial Watermills
PROFESSOR ANDREW WILSON Oxford University
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

10. CREDITS
GEORGES VIGARELLO / EHESS
CENTRE DE L’INFORMATION DE L’EAU
YOUTUBE
WATERCULTURE / ROME – The pleasure of water, an ancient inheritance CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE

11. WATER
CREDITS
RAJIV SHARMA & SYED AMO ADEEÙ REZAVI/ academia.edu
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING / MEDIEVAL PERIOD
RAJASTHAN / FORT OF JAIGURH
 Similar to the ancient roman &
palestinian forts.  Water canals & conducts
running along the mountain
 Water transportation
from hill to hill,
 Installations for rainwater
captation at the top of the hill to be driven to the
fort.
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

12. WATER
CREDITS
EMMANUEL REYNARD/ transporter l'eau : regards croisés sur les réseaux
urbains et ruraux de l'eau en suisse in MÉTROPOLIS | Flux
ENGINEERING / MEDIEVAL PERIOD
SWITZERLAND / 15th cent. – AGRICULTURE [1/3]
Transition from
an economy of gathering
to
an economy of water.
Early model of
water modern administration
 Wide network
of irrigation canals [1400 km/ 19th cent.]
 1st intensification
of agricultural practices.
  of cattle breeding for lucrative
purposes at the expense of agro-pastoral practices
for food purposes.
 higher needs of grass culture
Vs. needs for sheep & goat breeding
 intensification of
grasslands productivity
 collective financial investment
by the
 local community
 reduced group of associated
landlords en consortages : construction et
gestion du canal.
 Rights & usage hierarchy.
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

13. WATER
CREDITS
EMMANUEL REYNARD/ transporter l'eau : regards croisés sur les réseaux
urbains et ruraux de l'eau en suisse in MÉTROPOLIS | Flux
ENGINEERING / Medieval period
SWITZERLAND / 15th cent– AGRICULTURE [2/3]
TERRITORY
+
 Altitudinal layering of main canals
 Agricultural territory gridding (fig.2)
 Involvement of each watershed
-
 Need of a sophisticated but resultless topdown
the hill regulation.
 Repeated conflicts between top of hill
users and down of the hill ones.
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

14. WATER
CREDITS
JOHN SCHEID / Collège de France
MODERN MYTHOLOGY / Modern period
FRANCE / J. DE PETIGNY - 1837
 In line with the celtic substrates
 Middle-Age / wherever were the feodal chiefs
settled down:
Monk’s abbeys where built on College of
Druids’ location.
Pre-druidic or pre-celtic worship
FRANCE / CAMILLE JULIAN – 1835
 In HISTOIRE DE LA GAULLE
Part of devotion practices took place near
fountains considered as well as very favored
meeting places.
« … Not a single church or a chapel
lacked of its own fountain
known as the same name. »
SOURCE
Photography : SOPHYA MANTILLA / Giverny 2011
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

15. WATERMODERN MYTHOLOGY/ ROMANTIC PERIOD – XIXe s.
NORTHERN EUROPE &
GERMANY / JACOB GRIMM – 1936
Primitive worship
for the natural elements
Long-lasting beliefs
even after the disappearance of the pagan religion
Peasants
Veneration of water-springs, fire, trees & stones.
Pagans felt veneration
The water and the wood’s spirits
Similarities with the Christian religion
SOURCE
JOHN SCHEID / Collège de France
SOURCE
Peinture : CASPAR DAVID FRIEDRICH / Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
A SACRED ENTITY
 Water & sources worship
 Related to health & other virtues
 Found in numerous places after 2 centuries :
LOURDES, VICHY, SPA, THERMAL CURE CENTERS
A COMMON GOOD
 Water does not belong to anyone
 Water does not have a value of exchange
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

16. WATER
CREDITS
EMMANUEL REYNARD / transporter l'eau : regards croisés sur
les réseaux urbains et ruraux de l'eau en suisse in MÉTROPOLIS | Flux
ENGINEERING / XXe s.
SWITZERLAND / AGRICULTURE [3/3]
Co-existence
of 4 water
administration
systems
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

17. WATER
An existing engineering activity since Ancient Rome
A proved correlation between pleasure & body in the Middle-Age
Source & sacrality of life, common good,
primitive worship, sociability
Water shows
very soon to be
a polymorph source
of experience
An integrated engineering approach since the Middle-Age
[Switzerland & Rajashtan]
ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE & CULTURE
CREDITS
EMMANUEL REYNARD/ transporter l'eau : regards croisés sur les réseaux
urbains et ruraux de l'eau en suisse in MÉTROPOLIS | Flux
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

18. WATER
1. ANCIENT GREECE
1. PHILOSOPHY, ENGINEERING & CULTURE
2. FROM PRE-MODERN WATER TO MODERN WATER
3. FOCUS ON NUMBERS & CARTOGRAPHY
4. WOMEN’S VOICES, THE DISRUPTER & GEOGRAGRAPHY
5. BACK TO MATERIALITY
6. MEANING, INNOVATION, CREATION & TECHNOLOGY

19. WATER
CREDITS
JAMES LINTON / What is water
Intervention 2014
HISTORY / FROM THE 17TH CENTURY
CHANGE OF PARADIGM
Slow transition from
Qualitative Quantitative
- concluded at the end of the
20th century in Occident
- Reduction to
a same measurable
substance
Natural reality restricted
the by the scientific method.
According to natural philosophy,
Nothing is scientifically
acknowledgeable
except if measurable
NO SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL
DIMENSIONS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT
H2O
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

20. WATER
CREDITS
CANADA’S GOVERNMENT website
HISTORY / FROM THE 17TH CENTURY
CHANGE OF PARADIGM
Slow transition from
Qualitative Quantitative
- Creation of new concepts
Hydraulogic Cycle
- Review of the Representation Calculation
According to natural philosophy,
WATER
becomes
1
Geography
not taken into
consideration
H2O
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

21. WATER H2OPHILOSOPHY / 20TH CENTURY
A natural
resource
HEIDDEGER
PURE & FAST
Joy &
deep reverie
DORMANT &
STAGNANT
Melancholy &
despair
SALT WATER
Corruption
BACHELARD An entity without quality leaving
as a unique reference its
excess or its default.
CREDITS
JAMES LINTON / What is water - Intervention 2014
WENDY O’SHEA-MEDDOUR / Gaston Bachelard’s L’Eau et les rêves: conquering the feminine element
A generic
definition
Invention of the
MODERN
WATER
CREDITS
1. OXFORD DICTIONARIES
2. JAMES LINTON / What is water
Intervention 2014
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

22. WATER
CHANGE OF PARADIGM
Slow transition from
Qualitative Quantitative
HISTORY / BACK TO ROME
Different water origins,
according to romans
Distinctive identities
Not to be mixedCREDITS
JAMES LINTON / What is water
Intervention 2014
Photography : WIKIMEDIA – the bridge of Gard via Nîmes
From
PRE-
MODERN
WATER
 Specific naming
of roman aqueducts &
waters.
 Water
identification
with the human body
 A physical
experience
vs.
Ancient ROME
Splitted aqueducts
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

23. WATERHISTORY / BACK TO ROME
from aqueduct
to fountains
1. DISCONNEXION FROM THE SOURCE
2. COMMON EXPERIENCE
3. STILL & CONTINUOUS SUBSTANCE
CREDITS
JAMES LINTON / What is water
Intervention 2014
Photography : WIKIMEDIA – Saint Clément aqueduct – XVIIIe s.
FLOW
CHANGE OF PARADIGM
Slow transition from
Qualitative
Quantitative
From
PRE-
MODERN
WATER
 Specific naming
of roman aqueducts &
waters.
 Water
identification
with the human body
 A physical
experience
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

24. From
PRE-
MODERN
WATER
WATER
CHANGE OF PARADIGM
Slow transition from
Qualitative
2. LA BAIE DE NARRAGANSETT
(RHODE ISLAND) - Martin Johnson Heade
1.LA GRANDE VAGUE DE KANAWAGA
HOSUKAI-
To
MODERN
WATER
Quantitative
PHYSICAL,
SOCIAL
& COGNITIVE
LIVE
EXPERIENCE
According to natural
philosophy,
WATER
becomes
1
CREDITS
JAMES LINTON / What is water
Intervention 2014
Photography : WIKIMEDIA – Vaucluse Gallo-Roman
Iconography: Murali Krishna /THE NOUN PROJECT
HISTORY / FROM 17TH CENTURY H2O
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

25. WATER
From
OUTSIDE
1.LA GRANDE VAGUE DE KANAWAGA
HOSUKAI-
CREDITS
Paco Tortosa / PALETA D’OCRES
TIME Magazine nov. 2014 / LIFE at the HUNTER COLLEGE
- NINA LEEN—THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES - 1948
H2O
To
INSIDE
Quantitative
CHANGE OF PARADIGM
Slow transition from
Qualitative
According to natural
philosophy,
WATER
becomes
1
PHYSICAL,
SOCIAL
& COGNITIVE
LIVE
EXPERIENCE
HISTORY / FROM 17TH CENTURY
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

26. From
OUTSIDE
FLUX
WATER
2. LA BAIE DE NARRAGANSETT
(RHODE ISLAND) - Martin Johnson Heade
1.LA GRANDE VAGUE DE KANAWAGA
HOSUKAI-
H2O
To
INSIDE
STOCK
Quantitative
PHYSICAL,
SOCIAL
& COGNITIVE
LIVE
EXPERIENCE
CREDITS
JAMES LINTON / What is water
Intervention 2014
Photography : WIKIMEDIA – Vaucluse Gallo-Roman
Iconography: Murali Krishna /THE NOUN PROJECT
Photography : Sophya Mantilla NYC2014
H2O
Quantitative
CHANGE OF PARADIGM
Slow transition from
Qualitative
HISTORY / FROM 17TH CENTURY
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

27. WATER
From
FIGURATIVE
CREDITS
WIKIMEDIA [1] / MET MUSEUM [2] / CNN [3]
Yves & I / Eko- FLICKR.
H2O
To
ABSTRACTION
Quantitative
3. MIRACLE ON THE HUDSON
(TWITTER PHOTO) Janis Krum
2. LA BAIE DE NARRAGANSETT
(RHODE ISLAND) - Martin Johnson Heade
1. THE GREAT WAVE OFF KANAGAWA
HOKUSAI
According to natural
philosophy,
WATER
becomes
1
PHYSICAL,
SOCIAL
& COGNITIVE
LIVE
EXPERIENCE
CHANGE OF PARADIGM
Slow transition from
Qualitative
HISTORY / FROM 17TH CENTURY

28. WATER
CREDITS
POETRYFOUNDATION.ORG
The Beautiful Narcissus, caricature engraved by d'Aubert and Co.
and published by Bauger in Paris, 1840-50 VIA BIBLIOPHILIA/TWITTER
1950 2013
From freedom to privatized encapsulation
From nature to consumption & narcissism
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

29. WATER
An out-of-context and reductive approach
A generic and shadeless naming
A consumption without any collective ritual
Water becomes
a consistent & substance-less
mass to administrate
A water without quality* except for commercialized ones
A cognitive lack of the origins of water
CREDITS
EMMANUEL REYNARD/ transporter l'eau : regards croisés sur les réseaux
urbains et ruraux de l'eau en suisse in MÉTROPOLIS | Flux
• As a reference to ROBERT MUSIL’s novel : L’HOMME SANS QUALITÉ / [EN] THE
MAN WITHOUT QUALITIES | available information on WIKIPEDIA.
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

30. WATER
1. ANCIENT GREECE
2. PHILOSOPHY, ENGINEERING & CULTURE
3. FROM PRE-MODERN WATER TO MODERN WATER
4. FOCUS ON ANTHROPOLOGY, NUMBERS & CARTOGRAPHY
5. WOMEN’S VOICES, THE DISRUPTER & GEOGRAGRAPHY
6. BACK TO MATERIALITY
7. MEANING, INNOVATION, CREATION & TECHNOLOGY
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

31. WATER
CREDITS
STEFAN HELMREICH - Nature/Culture/Seawater/
ANTHROPOLOGY / HOWEVER
«
Water as NATURE appears as both
potentiality of form and uncontainable flux;
it moves faster than culture, with culture
often imagined in a land-based idiom
grounded in the culture concept’s origins in
EUROPEAN PRACTICES AND THEORIES of
AGRICULTURE AND CULTIVATION.
[…] Water as CULTURE, meanwhile, can
materialize as a medium of
»
Materialized
as a
CYCLING,
HYBRID,
SUBSTANCE
at once
NATURAL
&
CULTURAL
WATER
+
PLEASURE
SUSTENANCE
TRAVEL
-
POISON
DISASTER
(Williams 1976)
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

32. WATERCONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD
A world consumption to be
heavily attributed to
1. IRRIGATION
2. INDUSTRY
& not directly to
HOME CONSUMPTION
Beware of
THE GLOBAL SMOOTHING EFFECT
on numbersCREDITS
First numbers to be verified, but these data can be widely found on the
internet.
IRRIGATION
70%INDUSTRY
22%
HOMES
8%
BARILLA CENTER
For food and nutrition 2013
IRRIGATION INDUSTRY HOMES
92% 4,4% 3,6%
H2O
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

33. WATER
Critical areas in terms
of water availability
point out very
SPECIFIC LOCATIONS
Critical areas in terms
of water consumption
point out a more
EXTENDED PHENOMENON
H2OCONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE
2013
CRITICAL AREAS / Availability
CRITICAL AREAS / Consumption
CREDITS
WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE – Metadata document – Agueduct Global Maps 2.O /
2013
AGRICULTURE

34. WATER
A DOUBLE PENALTY
for areas that gather
both phenomena
(From West to East)
1.U.S.
2.Spain & North Africa
3.India
4. Middle-East
5. Part of China
Without forgetting
1.Western coast of South America
2.South Africa
3.South-East Australia
H2O
CREDITS
WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE – Metadata document – Agueduct Global Maps 2.O /
2013
CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE
2013
CRITICAL AREAS / Availability
CRITICAL AREAS / Consumption

35. WATER
SIMILAR DISTRIBUTION
despite approaches that
ouline grades differently
in terms of stress or erosion.
H2O
CREDITS
WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE – Metadata document – Agueduct Global Maps 2.O /
2013
USDA-NRCS, Soil Science Division, World Soil Ressources-Washington DC , WIKIPEDIA /
2012
CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE
2013
CRITICAL AREAS / Availability

36. WATER
WATER CONSUMPTION
Vs.
LAND USE INSIGHTS 2005
(beware of the anachronical effect)
H2O
CREDITS
WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE – Metadata document – Agueduct Global Maps 2.O /
2013 HELMHOLTZ / Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ.DE - 2005 / 2013
CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE
2013
CRITICAL AREAS / Consumption
GLOBAL LAND SYSTEM ARCHETYPES / Land Use Insights
AGRICULTURE
GARDENING
SWIMMING POOLS
AGRICULTURE

37. WATERMOST CONCERNED WORLD CITIES / 2014
CREDITS
FASTCOMPANY 2014
Except
MEXICO CITY
LOS ANGELES
MOSCOW
TOP 10 CITIES
mainly gathers
asian cities
The unique
european one :
LONDON
H2O
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

38. WATER
WATER CONSUMPTION
Vs.
NUCLEAR REACTORS’
WATER DEMAND
OCCIDENT
FIRST CONCERNED
 If Nuclear power seems to be the best
technology so far built to provide energy
independence and to reduce CO2
production,
 Its cost must include an oustanding level of
water consumption beyond the other already
demonstrated dangerous outputs.
H2O
CREDITS
WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE – Metadata document – Agueduct Global Maps 2.O / 2013
GOOGLE INTERACTIVE MAP in CLIMATECENTRAL.ORG – All the worldds’ nuclear reactors - 2011
CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE 2013
CRITICAL AREAS / Consumption
NUCLEAR POWER / Water demand for reactors cooling’s system
AGRICULTURE
GARDENING
SWIMMING POOLS
AGRICULTURE

39. WATERCONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / EUROPE 2013
CREDITS
UVED / Les utilisations de l’eau et leur gestion
1. A NON UNIFORM
EUROPE
2. FRANCE & THE
NETHERLANDS
 Generous part
dedIcated to
nuclear energy.
FRANCE : 60%
 REMINDER
Nuclear energy represents
80% of French energy
3. SPAIN
Clear weight of agriculture
H2O
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

40. WATER
CREDITS
UVED / Les utilisations de l’eau et leur gestion
PRESSE FRANÇAISE
ENERG
Y [60%]
FRANCE / WATER CONSUMPTION
REMINDER
The real source of expenses:
NUCLEAR ENERGY
& not
- Home consumption
- Agriculture
- Industry
Energy today generated
by antiquated & poorly
maintained installations
FRANCE
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

41. WATER
CREDITS
FRENCH MEDIA
* DIFFERENT REFERENCES OF FRENCH POPULATION shown on
different INSEE sites: a kern of 3 millions people from one to
another
NUCLEAR
ENERGY
[60%]
REMINDER
FRENCH HOME CONSUMPTION per inhabitants:
only [2-14] m3
over deutsch
consumption
According to the chosen
population volume*
FRENCH AGRICULTURE CONSUMPTION
Under spanish water consumption’s
levels related to agriculture with a bigger
territory surface
FRANCE
AGRICULTURE
REDUCTION OF
AGRICULTURAL
POPULATION
+
 IMPORTATIONS
THE FALSE
DILEMMA
< 20%
FRANCE / WATER CONSUMPTION
INDUSTRY
DELOCALISATION
+  IMPORTATIONS
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

42. WATER
CREDITS
REUTERS
WATER REAL PRIORITY
NUCLEAR POWER spends
60%of total water
Further to this map, most of the nuclear plants are
placed in the INTERIOR OF THE FRENCH TERRITORY
 Need to be mainly cooled by waters from RIVERS,
LAKES or DAMS.
 REMINDER : Nuclear Power represents 80% of
french source of energy
FRANCEFRANCE / WATER CONSUMPTION
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

43. WATER
CREDITS
SURFRIDER via YOUTUBE
SURFRIDER FOUNDATION
THE CYCLE OF INSANITY
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE

44. WATER
Home consumption
is not always a direct cause
Agriculture, energy & industry:
priorities to be drawn locally
Specific cases according to geography and history
Water & its administration
cannot be considered
homogeneously
Where
geography & plurality
count
Currently taken into account
by new research studies
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

45. WATER
1. ANCIENT GREECE
2. PHILOSOPHY, ENGINEERING & CULTURE
3. FROM PRE-MODERN WATER TO MODERN WATER
4. FOCUS ON NUMBERS & CARTOGRAPHY
5. TECHNOLOGY, WOMEN’S VOICES, THE DISRUPTER & GEOGRAPHY
6. BACK TO MATERIALITY
1. MEANING, INNOVATION, CREATION & TECHNOLOGY

46. WATER
CREDTIS
Nature is speaking / Lee Clow - TBWA
NATURE IS SPEAKING
WATER
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE

47. WATERCONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD &
EUROPE
CRITICAL AREAS / Availabilities
1. U.S.
2. Spain & Northern Africa
3. India
4. Middle-East
5. Part of China
CREDITS
WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE – Metadata document –
Agueduct Global Maps 2.O / 2013
3. DESINTENSIFICATION & DETOXIFICATION
OF AGRICULTURE
5. FOOD CULTIVATION MOVE : SEA & CITIES
2. WATER DESALINATION & RECYLCING
4. URBAN REDESIGNING
ADAPTATION ACCORDING TO LOCAL SPECIFICITIES:
PROBLEMS & AVAILABILITIES
6. REFORESTATION : AMAZONIA & AFRICA
1. ENERGY : AVAILBALE & FORTHCOMING
TECHNOLOGY
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

48. WATERINTERVIEW
CREDITS
1. VOICE OF AMERICA
2. SIEMENS
FORTHCOMING & AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
MACRO APPROACH
NUCLEAR FUSION
BETTER
EFFICIENCY
U.S.A
ADVANTAGES
1. NO CARBON
2. ABUNDANT FUELS. Deuterium can be extracted from
water and tritium is produced from lithium, which is found
in the earth's crust. Fuel supplies will therefore last for
millions of years.
2. ENERGY EFFICIENCY.
4. NO LONG-LIVED RADIOACTIVE WASTE.
5. SAFETY.
6. RELIABLE POWER.
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
CLICK
ON THE
lMAGES
READ MORE 
SIEMENS
OCEAN POWER
TURBINES

49. WATER
CREDITS
1. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
2. SAHARAFORESTPROJECT.COM
DESALINATION
QATAR & JORDAN
SAHARA
FOREST PROJECT
CALIFORNIA
CARLSBAD
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

50. WATER
CREDITS
1. FASTCOMPANY
2. UTEC
CAPTATION & DISTRIBUTION
UTEC
BILLBOARDS
Capacity : 15k liters
TTTTThe first billboard that produces potable water from the air
Mayo DraftFCB for The University of Engineering and Technology
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
« A SIMPLE SYSTEM TO HARNESS THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF
FALLING RAIN AND COLLECT FRESH WATER AT THE SAME
TIME. »
POSSIBILITY: COUNTRIES THAT ALLOW PRIVATE
INSTALLATIONS
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
OPEN IDEO
FRESH WATER COLLECTOR
& ENERGY SOURCE FROM
FALLING RAIN
Nathan Gaydhani

51. WATERDOCUMENTARY
CREDITS
DAILYMOTION
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
LOCAL SOLUTIONS
FOR GLOBAL TROUBLE
COLLINE SERREAU
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
WOMEN’S VOICES

52. WATER
CREDITS
1. FASTCOMPANY
2. WSJ
FOOD CULTIVATION & PRODUCTION
FAIRLIFE
COCA-COLA’S
ORGANIC MILK
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE

53. WATER
CREDITS
iIMPRESSIVE MAGAZINE
http://impressivemagazine.com/2013/11/02/sky-greens-ensures-
urban-food-sustainability-singaporeans/
VERTICAL FOOD CULTIVATION
SINGAPORE
GREEN SKY
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
U.S. WESTERN COAST, EUROPE, SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA

54. WATER
CREDITS
WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE – Metadata document –
Agueduct Global Maps 2.O / 2013
GUNTER PAULI
THE BLUE ECONOMY
THE REVOLUTIONARY
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE
CRITICAL AREAS / Availabilities
1. U.S.
2. Spain & Northern Africa
3. India
4. Middle-East
5. Part of China
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

55. WATER
CREDITS
1. WATERBLUES.ORG
2.. WPSU via YOUTUBE
URBAN WATER CAPTATION & DISTRIBUTION
BRONX - NYC
PROJECT
PHILADELPHIA
TOPROOFS
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

56. WATER
CREDITS
1. INSEAD KNOWLEDGE
2.. CNBC
URBAN INNOVATION
INSEAD
CITIES OF
THE FUTURE
SINGAPORE
SUSTAINABLE
CITY
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

57. WATER
CREDITS
1. CNET
BLOSSOM
THE SMART WATER CONTROLLER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
AVAILABLE & FORTHCOMING TECHNOLOGY
MICRO APPROACH
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE

58. WATER
CREDITS
FASTCOMPANY
URBAN FOOD CULTIVATION &
WATER DISTRIBUTION
JELLYFISH BARGE
FLOATING
GREENHOUSE
URBAN DESIGN
FOUNTAINS
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
U.S. WESTERN COAST, SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE

59. WATER
CREDITS
1. YOUTUBE
UNIVERSITY
KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
VOCAL ENERGY PRODUCTION
on trial
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
FORTHCOMING TECHNOLOGY

60. WATER
CREDITS
YOUTUBE
WATER AVOIDANCE
PAPER REPLACEMENT
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
JCDECAUX
INTERACTIVE
OR SCREEN BILLBOARD
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE

61. WATER
BILL GATES
JAKINI
OMNIPROCESSOR
CREDITS
YOUTUBE via KOREUS
EXTRACTION
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGE

62. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
GEO
SPECIFICITIES
TECHNOLOGY
PROCESS
GROUND PLACE 1 PLACE 2 CLIMATE
RAIN
DENSITY
MINERAL
EARTH
SAND
INLAND
COASTAL
CITIES
SUBURBS
COUNTRYSIDE
SOFT
MILD
EXTREME
DRY
RAINY
ENERGY
NUCLEAR FUSION
OCEAN TURBINES
WIND ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY
VOCAL ENERGY
WATERTREATMENT&CAPTATION
DESALINATION
RAIN CAPTATION
INSTALLATIONS :
BILLBOARDS & OTHERS
WATER RIVER
TREATMENT
WATER DISTRIBUTION
CONTROLLER :
GARDENIING
WATER EXTRACTION
: EXCREMENT [B.
GATES]
AT A GLANCE
Back to
the end

63. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
GEO
SPECIFICITIES
TECHNOLOGY
PROCESS
GROUND PLACE 1 PLACE 2 CLIMATE
RAIN
DENSITY
MINERAL
EARTH
SAND
INLAND
COASTAL
CITIES
SUBURBS
COUNTRYSIDE
SOFT
MILD
EXTREME
DRY
RAINY
AGRICULTURE
ORGANIC & EXTENSIVE
ORGANIC & VERTICAL
GMO*
ARCHITECTURE
&OUTDOORINSTALLATIONS
ARCHITECTURE
WITH WATER CAPTATION
INSTALLATIONS
ARCHITECTURE
HOLDING VEGETAL
ECOSYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURE
AVOIDING AIR
CONDITIONNG SYSTEMS :
TROGLODYTE
/UNDERGROUND STYLE
URBAN VEGETATION
TO BE RESTAURED OR
IMPLEMENTED
WATER DISTRIBUTION:
FOUNTAINS
PAPERLESS
OUTDOOR
COMMUNICATION**
AT A GLANCE
* GMO also recommended in some cases of extremely eroded grounds.
** OUTDOOR COMMUNICATION placed here as it depends on agreements with local governments
Back to
the end

64. WATER
A MACRO MIX APPROACH
HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE 2013
CRITICAL AREAS / Availability
NUCLEAR POWER / Water demand for reactors cooling’s system
1. MACRO-MIXES WILL DEPEND ON:
 Geographical constraints
 Budget restrictions
 Orientation of national & local policies :
centralization / decentralization
2. FUSION NUCLEAR POWER will certainly allow to
redesign not only some macro local mixes but mezzo
& micro ones such as the development of new
products & services.
3. THE MIXES’ DESIGN will also need to include
seasonal considerations in order to improve their
efficiency. I.E.: nuclear power / winter – solar power /
from spring to automn for northen hemisphere.
ENERGY
4. QUESTION MARK: are monopols the best actors to
take on reponsibilities for the comprehensive energy
sources administration?
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

65. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
A MACRO MIX
APPROACH
HIGHLY RECOMMENDEDCONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE 2013
CRITICAL AREAS / Availability
1. WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES are far
more a preoccupation
 where intensive cultivation is a common option
and waters show high level of pollution.
 for polluted seas by either plastic or other
residuals.
 for industrial areas such as specific regions in
Asia, Eastern Europe and Northern Africa.
2. WATER CAPTATION INSTALLATIONS have been
a real concern for both
 Isolated areas that demand considerable efforts
to be provided on a regular basis
 Within buildings recently designed to benefit from
independent provision installations.
 Areas with intense practice of gardening &
lawning (artificial or not)
WATER TREATMENT & CAPTATION
1’. QUESTION MARK? : Agriculture & industry’s
delocalization have transfered this dilemma to other
countries.
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

66. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
A MACRO MIX
APPROACH
HIGHLY RECOMMENDEDCONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE 2013
CRITICAL AREAS / Availability
1. Perception of AFRICA’s situation to be
corrected, as stated by the U.N. 2014
« The continent owns one of the major world
unexploited mineral deposit and 60% of its arable
land remains virgin. »
Its situation is described as being more correlated to
a matter of insufficient local infrastructure.
CREDITS : UNECA.ORG / http://goo.gl/oFSyiU
2. SERIOUS CONCERNS OF GROUND EROSION
are however to be pointed out in the U.S., in Europe
and all other places where intensive agriculture has
been applied for many decades
3. Here again, NOT ONE SOLUTION would be
applicable all over the world: need ot a adapted mix
approach in accordance with geographical and
historical specificities.
This might represent one of the E.U. deficient skills.
AGRICULTURE
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

67. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
A MACRO MIX
APPROACH
HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
1. Further to a restricted approach induced by the
adjacent ranking
Architecture priorities would need to be adressed
to tthese listed cities.
So it would refer to Asia, Mexico, Western U.S.A
or Russia.
2. This would be a fallacy as ARCHITECTURE
POLICIES refer first to :
 those cities directly suffering from water
concerns, indeed.
 But also to any city surrounded by large areas
of intensive agriculture.
ARCHITECTURE
MOST CONCERNED WORLD CITIES / 2014
CREDITS
FASTCOMPANY 2014
THIS TO LIGHTEN THE CURRENT NEGATIVE MIX
TOWARDS A POSITIVE ONEREVISED
ARCHITECTURE EXTENSIVE
AGRICULTUREBONUS:
ROOFTOPS & CITY GARDEN
 ORCHARDS & VEGIES

68. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
LOCAL HOLISTIC REAL SPECIFICATIONS
shows here an example that the same solution cannot be applied to 2 different places
i.e. : FRANCE
WATER AVAILABILITY: sea & inland water/ High
WATER CONSUMPTION:
60% is due to NUCLEAR POWER,
CONSUMPTION represents < 20%
AGRICULTURE < 15%
INDUSTRY < 10%
UVED / Les utilisations de l’eau et leur geste
i.e. : CALIFORNIA /
WATER AVAILABILITY : sea water/ High – inland water/ Low
WATER CONSUMPTION
1. IRRIGATION [20K Gallons]
2. THERMOELECTRICITY [6K Gallons]
3. PUBLIC SUPPLY [6K Gallons]
[Gathers domestic consumption &
water used for commercial & industrial purposes
Details about DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION show a
dramatic kern between Beverly Hiills and the rest where
the water consumption per day & per person can reach
286 gallons [> 1082 liters] vs 40-65.
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2010
http://water.usgs.gov/watuse/east-west-2010.html
PROBLEMS OF CALIFORNIA
 The choice of an organic agriculture
on a quality of ground that obliges it to
be provided from ground and
desalinated water in addition to
surface water.
 The need to provide one of the most
developped U.S. livestock after the
states of Texas & Missouri.
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2010
http://water.usgs.gov/watuse/east-west-2010.html
PROBLEMS OF FRANCE
 The choice to maintain an old energy
technology.
 The choice to export its high water
consuming & polluting energy at the
expense of:
 its agriculture quality
 its reserach & technology development
 Its high tech & other industries.

69. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
MACRO LEVEL
LOCAL HOLISTIC REAL SPECIFICATIONS
shows here an example that the same solution cannot be applied to 2 different places
i.e. : FRANCE
WATER AVAILABILITY: sea & inland water/ High
WATER CONSUMPTION:
60% is due to NUCLEAR POWER,
CONSUMPTION represents < 20%
AGRICULTURE < 15%
INDUSTRY < 10%
UVED / Les utilisations de l’eau et leur geste
PRIORITIES
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
TO LIBERATE WATER FOR OTHER USES
 AGRICULTURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT,
 Growing & better set of MANUFACTURING
& TECH industries
 TRANSFER OF WATER where needed
PRIORITIES
HOLISTIC WATER SYSTEM APPROACH
AS CALIFORNIA SUFFERS FROM SEVERE
DROUGHT in SPRING & SUMMER, but has long
rainy season from OCTOBER to MAY:
 DESALINATION & CAPTATION technologies
will need to prevail first
 in addition to ENERGY & ACQUADUCTS
INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS.
i.e. : CALIFORNIA /
WATER AVAILABILITY : sea water/ High – inland water/ Low
WATER CONSUMPTION
1. IRRIGATION [20K Gallons]
2. THERMOELECTRICITY [6K Gallons]
3. PUBLIC SUPPLY [6K Gallons]
[Gathers domestic consumption &
water used for commercial & industrial purposes
Details about HOUSE-HOLD CONSUMPTION show a
dramatic kern between Beverly Hiills and the rest where
the water consumption per day & per person can reach
286 gallons [> 1082 liters] in winter vs 40-65 or 500
gallons in hot season.
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2010 /
http://water.usgs.gov/watuse/east-west-2010.html

70. WATER
1. ANCIENT GREECE
2. PHILOSOPHY, ENGINEERING & CULTURE
3. FROM PRE-MODERN WATER TO MODERN WATER
4. FOCUS ON NUMBERS & CARTOGRAPHY
5. WOMEN’S VOICES, THE DISRUPTER & GEOGRAGRAPHY
6. BACK TO MATERIALITY : STATE OF THE ART
1. MEANING, INNOVATION, CREATION & TECHNOLOGY
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

71. WATER
CREDITS
WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE – Metadata document –
Agueduct Global Maps 2.O / 2013
1. RECYCLING
6. LOCAL WATER EXPORTATION LIMITATION
3. MODULARISATION
4. DEMATERIALISATION
5. MATERIAL INNOVATION
2. REDUCTION & AVOIDANCE
CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION / WORLD & EUROPE
CRITICAL AREAS / Consumption
ACTION MIX TO BE IMPLEMENTED
ACCORDING TO LOCAL POSSIBILITIES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

72. WATER
CREDITS
1. YOUTUBE / HERMÈS
2. YOUTUBE / FASHION CHANNEL MILANO
PRODUCTION
HERMÈS H G STAR
RECYCLING
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

73. WATER
CREDITS
1. FASTCODESIGN
2. CNET
REDUCTION
& PAPER SAVING
APPLE
SMART WATCH
UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
NOVEL REWRITABLE
PAPER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES

74. WATER
CREDITS
1. FASTCOMPANY via KNOWTECHIE
2. YOUTUBE via MAILONLINE
3. MICROSOFT.COM
4. GQ FRANCE
PRODUCT DESIGN & PRODUCTION
GOOGLE LG
WASHING MACHINE
HOME
MECCANO
MICROSOFT
MODULARITY
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

75. WATER
CREDITS
1. YOUTUBE via KOREUS via KNOWTECHIE (@KEVIN_RAPOSO)
2. CNET
MATERIAL DISAPPEARANCE
TV
PROJECTED
SCREEN
CICRET
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

76. WATER
CREDITS
1. ACADEMIA.EDU
2. YOUTUBE via MAILONLINE
DE-PRODUCTION
1.KRISH
KRISHNA
2. QUEEN MARY
UNIVERSITY
VOCAL BATTERY
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

77. WATER
CREDITS
1. POLYMERSOLUTIONS.COM
2. THE BLUE ECONOMY / GOOGLE BOOKS
3.. THE GUARDIAN
& OTHER VIRTUES
POLYMER
ALGAE
TITANIUM
SILK
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY
PRODUCTION
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

78. WATER
1. ANCIENT GREECE
2. PHILOSOPHY, ENGINEERING & CULTURE
3. FROM PRE-MODERN WATER TO MODERN WATER
4. FOCUS ON NUMBERS & CARTOGRAPHY
5. WOMEN’S VOICES, THE DISRUPTER & GEOGRAGRAPHY
6. BACK TO MATERIALITY
7. WATER, MEANING, INNOVATION, CREATION & TECHNOLOGY
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015

79. SOPHYA MANTILLA 2015
CREDITS
FLICKR: Raul Lieberwirth -
Medievalists.net - William Warby -
Diane Cordell – Emanuele
INSTAGRAM: / TINYURL: surfing girl
BLUESKIES DIGITAL GLOBE / BRONX NYC
SENSE, RESPONSIBILITY & IMAGINATION
WATER
NEED
IRREGULAR
DISTRIBUTION
EARLY
MASTERING
PLEASURE

80. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
A MULTIPLE & POLYMORPH NATURE
 FLOW / STOCK
 SEA & RAIN / RIVERS, LAKES & SWAMPS
 HIGH DIVERSITY OF SPRING DRINKING
WATER
SHAPE,NATURE&SOURCE
A DIVERSITY OF DILEMMA TO RESOLVE
PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION
 NATURE
 REAL KNOWLEDGE OF GEOGRAPHY,
NATURE,…
 RESEARCH FOCUSED ON DIACHRONICAL &
SYNCHRONICAL REAL DEVELOPED
KNOWLEDGE
 ADAPTED POLICIIES
 FAIR MANAGEMENT
 HIGH STANDARD TECHNOLOGY
 CULTURE
 PERCEPTION AJUSTMENT TO REAL
KNOWLEDGE
 DESIGN & CREATION UPON REAL KNOWLEDGE
 PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT & CONSUMPTION
IN ACCORDANCE TO IT.
NATURE&CULTURE
A SYSTEMIC APPROACH in accordance to
LOCAL HOLISTIC REAL SPECIFICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL REAL NEEDS & FAIR EXCHANGE
I. applying an ADAPTED & EFFICIENT PRINCIPLE MIX of
CONSERVATION, TRANSFORMATION, CAPTATION & DISTRIBUTION

81. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
A DIVERSITY OF DILEMMA TO RESOLVE
PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION
 NATURE
 NATURE QUALITY POLICIES &
MANAGEMENT
 FLOW WATER POLICIES & MANAGEMENT
 STOCKED WATER MANAGEMENT
 SPRING DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT
 CULTURE
 CULTURAL APPROACH TO NATURE
 CULTURAL VALUE OF WATER
 HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE OF WATER
 GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE OF WATER
 CULTURAL APPROACH OF CREATION &
PRODUCTION
 CULTURAL APPROACH OF CONSUMPTION
 CULTURAL APPROACH OF WATER
CONSUMPTION
NATURE&CULTURE
A DIVERSITY OF DILEMMA TO RESOLVE
AVAILABILITY
 FLOW WATER
 CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT &/OR
IMPROVEMENT
 CIRCUIT
 QUALITY & VIRTUES
 CAPTATION
 DESALINATION
 SMART USE
 STOCKED WATER
 CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT &/OR IMPROVEMENT
 QUALITY & VIRTUES
 SMART USE
 ADAPTATED & EFFICIENT
INSTALLATIONS
 HIGH DIVERSITY OF SPRING DRINKING
WATER
 FAIR MOBILITY BASED UPON AVAILABILITY
& NEEDS
FLOW,STOCK&SPRINGWATER
A SYSTEMIC APPROACH in accordance to
LOCAL HOLISTIC REAL SPECIFICATIONS, INTERNATIONAL REAL NEEDS & FAIR EXCHANGE
II. being aware of COMMON FALLACIES

82. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
MACRO
FEDERATED OR NOT
NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BRANDS
MEZZO MICRO
FEDERATEDORNOTNATIONALPOLICIES
INLANDREGIONAL&CITIESPOLICIES
CONSUMPTION
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES

83. WATER
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
I.
IF WE ARE ALL CONCERNED BY
VIRTUE, SOME LEVELS
DO BETTER THAN OTHERS
II.
IF THE QUESTION IS ONE,
DILEMMAS & APPROACHES
ARE DIVERSE
III.
UNIVERSALITY APPEARS
AS NOT RECOMMENDED,
BUT
UP & CROSS LEVELS
ADAPTED PLURALS
CAN BE REACHED FOR SCALE
HOWEVER common situations can be
found
I. For MACRO & MEZZO LEVELS, refer to
slides to :
II. MICRO LEVELS BRAND can be widerly
spread or adopted as they represent a welcome
virtuosity in terms of contemporary state of the
technology.
III. As seen, BRANDS, according to their know-
how or the potential of it, can act at the several
levels.
CLICK
ON THE
IMAGES

84. WATERS
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
CONCLUSIONS
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
IS VERY RELATED
TO QUALITATIVE’s ONES
& vice-versa
WATER
here is not SINGULAR
but PLURAL
WATER
cannot be separated
from the rest
To complete ZYGMUNT BAUMAN’S
notion of liquid modernity [& not postmodernity],
It would be recommended to evoke the existence
of PLURAL LIQUID MODERNITIES
in both metaphorical & literal meanings

85. WATERS
SOPHYAMANTILLA2015
CONCLUSIONS
PLURAL LIQUID MODERNITIES
in both LITERAL & METAPHORICAL MEANINGS
that are the challenges & the responsibility
of ALL OF US
SOPHYA MANTILLA
about.me/smantilla
@Sophya_Mantilla