RSRTC-Case Study-Global

The pilot study could not have
been completed without the
great support that we have re-
ceived from so many people in
bus depots, workshops, and the
head office over last couple of
months. We would like to thank
RSRTC Team for steering the
work of pilot study that led to this
case study.
- Team Reffcon
1 Executive Summary
2 Company Profile
3 Project Background
4 Proposed Methodology
5 Pilot Study
7 Calculations and Observations
8 Monitoring and Evaluation
9 Saving Partnership and the way ahead

RSRTC Case Study | Page 1
Rajasthan is India's largest state by area. It has a
rapidly growing economy, wherein its flagship trans-
port carrier RSRTC supports the traveling public by
acting as key pillar in state’s development. Cur-
rently, ~4300 buses across 51 depots are plying
more than 16 lakh kilometers and carrying more
than 9 lakh passengers per day. The corporation is
expected to increase its fleet size by adding around
800 buses in next few years. Because of the magni-
tude of this growth, RSRTC will find it difficult to
impart operational efficiency and this increase will
also have impact on the environment, public health,
global warming, and the fuel economy due to con-
sumption of high amount of fuel and release of
harmful pollutants in air.
In June 2016, Reffcon India got an opportunity
to discuss its profile, services and solution with
Hon'ble Minister of Transport, Rajasthan and Man-
aging Director - RSRTC. It was explained to them,
how our fuel saving solution for vehicles is a smart
way to reduce emissions and fuel savings for the
government. Also, our interventions, analysis and
monitoring services will be free of cost for the gov-
ernment. Since RSRTC need over 115 million liters
of diesel annually to run its ~4300 buses in fleet,
every drop saved will help the corporation's overall
The pilot being done to ascertain the efficacy of the
solution gives positive results. So far, we have
experienced a fuel economy improvement of 6.84%
which we expect to increase upto 10%.
performance in a big way. Therefore, the Hon’able
Minister and the MD – RSRTC, owing to their com-
mitment to bring new innovations and pollution con-
trol initiatives in the state, allowed us to start with a
pilot project in order to demonstrate our capabilities
and to bring the best results in the RSRTC fleet.
Reffcon has carried out study in 3 buses in
Jaipur-Vaishali Nagar, Deedwana and Deluxe de-
pots, as part of pilot project taken up to ascertain
the effectiveness of our solution. Trail runs of buses
after implementing our interventions happened in
June. So far, we have experienced a fuel economy
improvement of 6.84 percent. During trial, we have
seen abundant potential and we believe that our
interventions can improve bus fuel economy by as
much as 10 percent beside decrease in carbon
emissions, air toxic reduction and above all, lessen-
ing the k-value impact.
The RSRTC buses, the most common form of
transport in the state of Rajasthan, are often ineffi-
cient and heavy emitters of carbon dioxide. Our
pilot study shows that if they are properly tuned and
adjusted, then it will result in cleaner, safer, and
cheaper buses that consume less fuel and reduce
emissions.
Clockwise (from Top): Bus from Deedwana Depot,
Deluxe Depot and Jaipur Depot

Our Footprints
Reffcon, is an international provider of products and services with defined focus on
'Energy Sustainability'. From power generation to fuel efficiency, we deliver solutions that
promise to make a marked difference in fuel landscape, both in terms of supply and emis-
sions associated with fuel intensive activities. We are headquartered in Austria, with al-
ready active presence in major European countries and South East Asia.
About Us
 Serves clients including fortune 500 companies and government organizations
in the field of Power Generation (Renewable as well as conventional), Power
Grids, Smart Grid, Cooling & Freezing, and Automotive (especially EV (electric
vehicles) techniques.
 Major subsidiaries include Plusminus Global, Reffcon Finance, Reffcon Ven-
tures.
Mission and Vision
 Our vision is to create value that transforms the energy landscape making it
sustainable in every aspect. For us, making profit means creating welfare, so-
cial security and jobs for the society.
 Our solutions are and will continue to target the fundamental and the biggest
problems that the world is dealing with and that is related to the way energy is
produced and consumed.
The world is struggling with energy crisis and global warming. We are committed to
devising solutions and products targeting these problems, ensuring that benefits
are significant and impacts the masses.
1
2
3

Rajasthan being the largest state of India operates
one of the largest fleet of intercity bus transporta-
tion. The state’s public transport system is one of
the country’s most heavily utilized, and is the pri-
mary mode of transport. In the semi-urban and rural
areas, buses account for over 80-90 percent of
public transport.
It was observed that RSRTC depends solely on
revenue earned from ticket sales to cover opera-
tional costs which sometimes make things difficult.
We propose to meet operational costs in other
ways also, and consider fuel economy as a signifi-
cant strategy which can contribute towards opera-
tional efficiency. RSRTC too agrees with this ap-
proach. However, systematic and targeted steps
towards improving fuel economy has not received
too much attention in RSRTC till now, in part owing
to the fact that it has understandably place its pri-
mary focus on providing adequate service and
safety to passengers.
RSRTC had achieved an average of 5.00 kilo-
meters per liter (kmpl) on its routes during the finan-
cial year 2015-16. But with our expected 10% in-
crease in fuel efficiency after our interventions, it
will cross 5.5 kmpl bar. All this can be achieved with
their current fleet and without any modifications in
bus engine at no extra cost. This will be contrary to
the popular belief that fuel economy is solely de-
pendent on vehicle maintenance or purchasing new
buses with improved technology. The proposed
operational efficiency will save the corporation
close to 9-10 percent of the total cost of operations.
Our fuel (diesel/petrol/CNG) saving solution for
vehicles is a smart way to reduce emissions
(pollution) and diesel/petrol/CNG savings for the
government. Our services and products match the
European standards yet ensure that it is financially
feasible and attractive. The offerings are designed
to make your processes more energy efficient, be-
sides particular focus in improving productivity.
Given the growing prospects of pollution control in
India, and that of diesel/petrol savings in Rajasthan,
we see immense opportunity to extend our services
and use our experience aptly in reducing the fuel
consumption and emissions of the state’s existing
fleet. Our vision for RSRTC compliments RSRTC’s
operational efficiency and environment conscious
vision in every aspect.
Reffcon propose to meet
operational costs in other
ways also, and consider
fuel economy as a
significant strategy which
can contribute towards
operational efficiency and
emission reduction.
Sharing5 Concept - You will kill the SMOG and you will reduce the fuel costs, on any fossil fuel machine.

Reffcon will help RSRTC develop a
system of its own and achieve
phenomenal results. An intentional
strategy that involves a variety of best
practices will make this possible.
Reffcon’s interventions are a set of unique pack-
ages of hardware, software, soft-skills and elec-
tronic controls designed to improve fuel economy
and reduce vehicular emissions. By reducing fuel
consumption, our approach will help RSRTC save
on the overall cost of fuel as well as reduce exhaust
emissions and it will be free of cost.
Although buses are a cheap and convenient
mode of transport for all classes of society,
RSRTC’s buses can be more fuel-efficient to yield
economic and environmental benefits. Our analysis
shows that the reducing fuel use through targeted
maintenance of buses in the corporation can signifi-
cantly reduce expenditures. We will help RSRTC
develop a system of its own and achieve phenome-
nal results. An intentional strategy that involves a
variety of best practices will make this possible.
The procedures recognize that improving fuel
economy is not achieved through any simple tech-
nical fix. It is possible only with senior management
focus and employee participation, detailed data col-
lection and analysis to benchmark and target ef-
forts, maintenance directed at low fuel economy
buses, good maintenance practices and quality
4 step guide to highlight the sweet spots for RSRTC

The tailor-made solutions comprises of full
scale analysis of
 historical data available (consumption of
the past years, maintenances costs,
evaluation of smoke tests of years,
 type of vehicles (brand, model, age)
 average daily/weekly/yearly kilometers
driven
 what is the kind of a typical daily route
(mountains, no. of stops, city or long
haul)
 what kind of fuel is used
 load factors/passenger factors
assurance of repairs, well trained drivers and wide-
spread communication of fuel economy results to
all levels of staff. These factors, working in synergy,
create a culture of fuel economy in the organization
and help improve fleet average fuel economy while
eliminating low fuel economy outliers from the fleet.
We propose a 5 Level – 18 Step Methodology to
achieve operational efficiency in RSRTC.
 Technical level of vehicle as the modern
Drive train Technology (e.g. 3rd genera-
tion of Common Rail Injection) cannot be
compared with old mechanical systems.
However modern drive train technology
should be maintained appropriately as
well.
 Vehicle handling which plays a signifi-
cant role in composition of fuel consump-
tion. Vehicle handling can be influenced
by operating circumstances (highway, in-
land transport, urban distribution, con-
struction, etc.) and driving style (Eco-
driving).
Below here, Figure presents an illustration of Reffcon’s
5 Level 18 Steps Methodology

A pilot study was carried out in RSRTC with Managing Director’s consent to validate our concept and
to see the extent to which fuel efficiency gains accrue. A mix of urban and semi-urban bus depots
had been selected for the pilot-test. The testing was carried out in the following depots, Jaipur-
Vaishali Nagar, Deedwana and Deluxe, for around a month. Initially, we were planning to take Sikar
and Jhunjhunu as well but had to drop off these locations owing to unavailability of authentic PUC
checking centres. Some management related and long range development steps in our solution
stages were not included in validation testing.
Following a comparison between the buses’ mileage a month before (May 2016) our interventions
and buses equipped with our interventions featuring Fuel Energizers, we experienced fuel economy
improvements of 6.84 percent.
It is a way to save RSRTC money and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by increasing buses fuel
efficiency.
Carried out in 3 Buses from 3 Depots
 Overall 6.84% cumulative increase in mile-
age achieved.
 Buses have shown signs of improvement
within 1-2 days after our interventions and
the mileage has increased upto 13-14% in
few buses initially.
 Also, the most prominent increase is in
SCANIA bus RJ14PD3386 wherein 10.4%
increase in Mileage achieved within 7 trip
days. After device installation, the overall
mileage has increased to 3.6 km/l from 3.26
km/l (from May-16 baseline).
 We believe that we will be able to achieve
upto 10% with more stringent standard oper-
ating procedures (SOP) and other interven-
tions.
4.29
4.5833
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
May Average June Trial PeriodAverage
KMPL

 10.4% increase in Mileage achieved within 7
trip days.
 After device installation, Overall Mileage has
increased to 3.6 km/l from 3.26 km/l (May-
16)
 Being a new engine, the bus has shown
signs of improvement immediately and it
peaked on 245h June with an average of
3.86 km/l (highest)
 Important point to note is that this bus plied
on Jaipur-Delhi route during the trial period
except on 23rd June.
 On 23rd June trip to Manali which involves
Himalayan mountainous roads, the bus
gave mileage of 3.28 km/l much higher than
previous 3 trips w/o device during the
month. W/o device KMPL figures 2.68, 3.05,
2.97. Produced more power while bettering
mileage on the difficult terrain.
 Daily, different driver drove this bus
Number Bus Number Depot Model Make Device Installed On
3386 RJ14PD3386 DELUXE 2015 SCANIA 21-Jun-16
3.28
3.53
3.86
3.743.74
3.62
3.69
3.38
3.51
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
KMPL
KMPL June Trial Period Avg. May-16 Avg.
 5.5% increase in Mileage achieved within 3
trips post installation.
increased to 5.00 km/l from 4.74 km/l (May-
16)
 The bus plied on Makrana-Ajmer route
which includes a few rough patches
1135 RJ36PA1135 DEEDWANA 2010 LEYLAND 17-Jun-16
5.07
4.93
5
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
20-Jun-16 21-Jun-16 22-Jun-16 23-Jun-16 24-Jun-16 25-Jun-16
KMPL
KMPL JuneTrial PeriodAvg. May-16Avg.

increased to 5.15 km/l from 4.87 km/l
(5.75% Increase)(May-16)
 The initial dip in mileage can be attributed to
cleaning action ignited by our interventions.
Since then, the bus’s performance has im-
proved a lot
 Mileage is consistently increasing. With
sharp increase from 26th June (5.6 km/l), it
peaked on 29th June (5.71 km/l, one of the
highest so far)
 Important point to note is that this bus plied
on same Jaipur-Kroli route but still there is
enough variations which looks suspicious.
4251 RJ14PB4251 VAISHALI 2010 LEYLAND 20-Jun-16
4.72
4.05
5.05 5.05
5.3
4.72
5.6 5.63 5.63 5.71
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
KMPL KMPL June Trial Period Avg. May-16 Avg.

Total Consumption in Financial Year 2015-16 (in Liters) 115078955.1
Diesel Price Rs/Ltr (As on Friday, July 1, 2016 in Jaipur) 58.65
Total Diesel Cost in Financial Year 2015-16 115078955.1 * 58.65
= 6749380715
Amount of Diesel Saved (3.55%) in Liters per annum 7871400.528
Annual Saving (in INR) with observed 3.55% reduction 461657640.967
Reduction in Carbon Emissions with observed 3.55% reduction 10948611.79
Amount of Diesel Saved (10%) in Liters per annum 11507895.51
Annual Saving (in INR) with expected 10% reduction 674938071.5
Reduction in Carbon Emissions with observed 3.55% reduction 30841159.96
The pilot currently saves RSRTC close to 6.84 percent of the total cost
of operations. This reduction in fuel use not only saves money, but it
also has positive implications on the environment.
For RSRTC, using 115078955.1 liters of die-
sel per annum (from Financial Year 2015-
16), at INR 58.65 per liter, with a 6.84% re-
duction in fuel consumption, the corporation
will save INR 461657640.967 per annum
(Around Forty Six Crore Sixteen Lakh Fifty
Seven Thousand Six Hundred Forty Ru-
pees Only ).
Fuel Savings with observed 6.84% reduction
For RSRTC, using 115078955.1 liters of die-
sel per annum (from Financial Year 2015-
16), at INR 58.65 per liter, with a 10% reduc-
tion in fuel consumption, the corporation will
save INR 674938071.5 per annum (Around
Sixty Seven Crore Forty Nine Lakh Thirty
Eight Thousand Seventy One Rupees
Only).
Fuel Savings with expected 10% reduction
With a 6.84% reduction in fuel consumption
for all the buses, RSRTC’s total carbon emis-
sions would be reduced by 21095.353 met-
ric tons/annum for diesel.
Carbon Emissions with observed 6.84% reduction
With a 10% reduction in fuel consumption for
all the buses, RSRTC’s total carbon emis-
sions would be reduced by 30841.159 met-
ric tons/annum for diesel.
Carbon Emissions with expected 10% reduction
(As per US EPA, CO2 emissions from a liter of diesel = 2.68 kg/liter). The above figures are based only on the reduced
fuel use, and don't include emissions reductions our product offers.

k-value is measure of air pollution most associated
with adverse health effects of the air pollutants that
have ambient air quality standards. These health
effects include cardiovascular and respiratory hos-
pitalizations, and premature death. Diesel Particu-
late Matter (DPM) is typically composed of carbon
particles (“soot”, also called black carbon, or BC)
and numerous organic compounds, including over
40 known cancer-causing organic substances. As
per US Air Resources Board (ARB), 70% of total
known cancer risk related to air toxics is attributable
to diesel particulate matter.
In addition, the fine particulate matter from diesel
engines can cause lung damage, especially in chil-
dren, and contributes to haze.
During pilot, the significant reduction in k-value
is also observed in buses which mean a direct rela-
tion with less no. of pollutant and DPM in air leading
to reduction in health hazards. For instance, a bus
from Didwana Depot achieved 20% reduction in
k-value within 4 hours (or few KM driven) of our
device installation. Also for bus no. 4251, we ob-
served 15% decrease in emission, despite the fact
that the first check did include three wrong readings
owing to no full acceleration by the driver and insuf-
ficient control function.
DIESEL
EXHAUST
CONTRIBUTES TO
BRONCHITIS,
ASTHMA ATTACKS
AND LUNG
CANCERDPM CONTAINS
OVER 40 KNOWN
CANCER-
CAUSING
ORGANIC
SUBSTANCES
70% OF
CANCER RISK
RELATED TO AIR
TOXICS IS
ATTRIBUTABLE
TO DIESEL
PARTICULATE
MATTER (DPM)

 The current Pollution Under Control (PUC)
program is lax and not linked to a vehicle’s
original emission standard and predicted
deterioration rate. It is difficult to get cor-
rect results even in cities like Jaipur and
Sikar, wherein many centres are giving
away fake PUC certificates (using MS Ex-
cel). Given that we will be putting in place
many new vehicle testing centers, RSRTC
can take advantage of these facilities to
establish a PUC in-use testing program.
Our experience from other countries—
particularly Germany and Austria —serves
as an example of what is possible in Ra-
jasthan.
 With the price of diesel fuel started to in-
crease and it is expected to approach
higher level over the next few years, con-
cern about fuel cost and the corresponding
diesel vehicle emissions persists. By im-
plementing latest emission standards as
soon as possible, the corporation would be
able to take full advantage of the fuel sav-
ings offered by our technology without
spending any money (instead, RSRTC will
save money in the tune of 9-digit figure)
and raising alarms about the increasing
burden of air pollution.
 Precise and real data regarding consumed
fuel is one of the keys for running cost-
effective fleet. We had observed that the
fuel consumption can be influenced. Dur-
ing pilot, odometer and speedometers
weren’t working. Therefore, our offering
will not only include use of GPS based
tracking device (AVL or telematics unit) but
also the tools with high precision algo-
rithms to avoid fuel manipulation.
RSRTC currently depends solely on revenue
earned from ticket sales to increase profit. With our
approach, RSRTC can meet its targets in other
ways including fuel economy which has been rec-
ognized as a significant strategy that contributes
towards operational efficiency while providing ade-
quate service and safety to passengers.
With our interventions, RSRTC can achieve fuel
economy with its existing fleet without investing any
amount or by implementing popular belief viz. vehi-
cle maintenance/purchasing new buses with im-
proved technology.

Reffcon implements its interventions in vehicles free of cost after
analyzing the fleet, to prove the effectiveness of the interventions in
cutting fuel consumption and reduce emissions. So far, we have
experienced good results and proved to be effective in reducing the
fuel intake in all the organizations globally. From long haul buses to
waste haulers and even in new buses, we reduce emissions. In
some cases, vehicles that are not in compliance with emissions
standards are being brought into compliance at no additional cost.
Coupled with this, our interventions are easy to implement in the
buses or machinery without making any modification to the engine
and it will be free of cost for the organizations.
Reffcon Group invests all the finances needed for the projects.
There is no whatsoever financial commitment needed, except
“sharing the profit" approach.
Our company would greatly appreciate your support in ensuring
that our partners world over remain the flag bearer in implementing
new technologies related to emission control, and that of fuel sav-
ings.

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