Intro to Philosophy

1. PHILOSOPHY
Nature, Importance, Branches and Classification

2. NATURE
of
Philosophy

3. NATURE
Philosophy is a study that seeks to understand the mysteries of
existence and reality.
• It tries to discover the nature of truth and knowledge
and to find what is of basic value and importance in
life.
• It also examines the relationships between humanity
and nature and between the individual and society.
• Philosophy arises out of wonder, curiosity, and the
desire to know and understand.
• Philosophy is a form of inquiry-a process of analysis,
criticism, interpretation, and speculation.

4. IMPORTANCE
Philosophic thought is an inescapable part of human existence.
• Everyone has been puzzled from time to time by such
essentially philosophic questions as “What does life
mean?” “Did I have any existence before I was born?”
and “Is there life after death?”
• People also have some kind of philosophy in the
sense of a personal outlook on life.
• People can clarify what they believe, and they can be
stimulated to think about ultimate questions
• Values and skills taught by the educational system of
a society thus reflect the society’s philosophic ideas of
what is important.

5. IMPORTANCE
• Ethics means right living and good moral character;
and it is in good moral character that man finds his
true worth and perfection. It is the development of
the moral qualities which lift man far above brute
creation.
• The primary objective of education is the moral
development of the will. Knowledge is good,
bodily health and strength is good, but first and
above all – good character.
• Ethics is the very investigation of the meaning
of life. It is this science that deals with
SUMMUM BONUM, the supreme purpose of
human living.

6. RELATION OF ETHICS WITH
OTHER SCIENCES
• Ethics and Logic
Logic is the science of right thinking. Ethics is the
science of right living.
• Ethics and Psychology
Psychology studies how man behaves: ethics
studies how man OUGHT to behave.
• Ethics is related to Sociology
Ethics deals with the moral order which includes
the social order.
• Ethics and Economics
Man is also an economic being because he has to
support himself by earning a living.

7. Branches of Philosophy
By: Robert Adrian P. Yambot

8. 1. METAPHYSICS
• comes from the two Greek words meta, which
means "beyond" or "after" and physika, "physical"
or "nature“
• metaphysics means the study of things beyond
the physical, that is, concepts or things that
cannot be experienced, such as the concepts of
God, freedom, and soul.

9. • is commonly understood as the foundation of
philosophy
• over time, metaphysics has been understood as
the study of that which exists beyond the
physical
1. METAPHYSICS

10. • subdivided into two, namely,
General Metaphysics and
Special Metaphysics.
1. METAPHYSICS

11. GENERAL METAPHYSICS
• is also referred to as Ontology
– Greek words onto, which means "being" or "that
which is", that is, everything that exists; and
logos, which means "knowledge" or "study”.
– is the specific branch of philosophy that studies
BEINGS in their ultimate causes, reasons, and
principles through the aid of reason alone.
– studies the first principles or the essence of all
things.

12. SPECIAL METAPHYSICS
• Under Special Metaphysics –
Cosmology, Psychology or
Anthropology, and Natural
Theology or Theodicy.

13. COSMOLOGY
• from the Ancient Greek words kosmos, which
means the "world" and logos, meaning "study"
• is the specific sub-branch of philosophy that
studies the world (or universe), including its origin,
dynamics, and characteristics, as well as the laws
that govern its order.

14. PSYCHOLOGY
• comes from the two Greek words psyche, which
means "soul" (but loosely understood as mind) and
logos, study.
• is the specific sub-branch of philosophy that studies
the soul or mind.
• is the study of the nature and dynamics of the
human person as a whole, with emphasis on the way
the person's mind functions and the way she behaves.

15. THEODICY
• Natural Theology
• is derived from the Greek word theos, which
means God.
• is the study of God.
• specifically, it is concerned with the justification
of the goodness of God in the face of the existence of
evil in the world.

16. • comes from the two Greek words
episteme, which means knowledge, and
logos which means study.
• It is formally defined as the study of the
nature and scope of knowledge and
justified belief.
• Specifically, it analyzes the nature of
knowledge and how it relates to similar
notions, such as truth, belief, and
justification.
2. EPISTEMOLOGY

17. • comes from the Greek word logos, which,
as already mentioned, has different
meanings.
• It is defined as the science of correct
thinking or the study of the principles and
criteria of a valid argument.
• More specifically, logic attempts to
distinguish sound or good reasoning from
unsound or bad reasoning.
3. LOGIC

18. • is derived from the Greek word ethos,
which originally means custom or habit.
• is the morality of human actions.
• is concerned with questions of how
human persons ought to act, and the
search for a definition of a right conduct
and the good life.
4. ETHICS

19. • It is important to note that Ethics is not
the same with morality.
• Ethics denotes the theory of right
action and the greater good, while
morality indicates practice, that is, the
rightness or wrongness of a human
action.
4. ETHICS

20. THANK YOU
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