4. DRUG ABUSE
Drug abuse or substance abuse refers to the use of
certain chemicals for the purpose of creating
pleasurable effects on the brain.
5.
6. ALCOHOL
Alcohol is one of the leading causes of deaths and
disabilities globally and in India.
Alcoholism refers to the use of alcoholic beverages to
the point of causing damage to the individual,
society or both.
7. PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOL
A concentration of 80-100 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood is
considered intoxication.
A person with 200 -250 mg will be toxic, sleepy, confused and his
thought process will be altered.
If blood level is 300mg/ 100ml of blood the person may lose
consciousness.
A concentration of 500mg / 100ml is fatal.
8. Nicotine Derivatives
Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the
nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in
tobacco) and is widely used recreationally as a
stimulant and anxiolytic.
9. Opioid Derivatives
In the last few decades, the use of opioids has
increased markedly globally
The most important dependence producing
derivatives are morphine and heroin.
10. Conti……..
The commonly abused opioids (narcotics) in our country are
heroin (brown sugar, smack) and synthetic preparations like
pethidine, for twin (pentazocine) and tidigesic (buprenorphine).
The drugs that are injected through needle are heroin,
buprenorphine and pentazocine.
Though most opiate users had begun inhaling the smoke heroin
they gradually shifted to needle use.
These injection drug users have become a high risk group for
HIV infection.
12. Properties of Cannabis
Cannabis is derived from hemp plant, cannabis sativa.
The dried leaves and flowering tops are often referred tops
ganja or marijuana.
The resin of the plant is referred to as hashish.
Bhang is a drink mad from cannabis.
Cannabis is either smoked or taken in liquid from.
14. Properties of cocaine
Common street name is ‘crack’. It can be administered
orally, intranasally by smoking, or parenterally.
ACUTE INTOXICATION
Characterized by pupillary dilatation, tachycardia,
hypertension, sweating and nausea and hypomanic picture.
18. LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE
LSD is a powerful hallucinogen and was first synthesized in
1938.
It presumably produces its effects by acting on 5-HT levels in
brain.
A common pattern of LSD use is ‘trip’ (occasional use
followed by a long period of abstinence).
21. INHALANT OR VOLATILE SOLVENT
The commonly abused inhalant or volatile solvents include:
Petrol
Aerosols
Thinners
Varnish remover
Industrial solvents
22. causes
Biological factors:
Family history, genetic predisposition
Preexisting psychiatric or personality
disorder, or a medical disorder.
Reinforcing effects of drugs.
Withdrawal effects and craving.
Biochemical factors
23. Psychological Factors:
Curiosity
As a novelty.
Social rebelliousness.
Early initiation
Poor control.
Sensation seeking. (Feeling high).
Low self-esteem (Anomie).
Poor stress management.
Childhood loss or trauma.
24. conti…….
As a relief from fatigue or boredom.
To escape reality.
No interest in conventional goals.
Psychological distress.
25. Social factors:
Peer pressure. (One of the most important causes.)
Role-Modeling
Easy availability of alcohol and drugs.
Conflicts (usually intrafamilial).
Religious reasons.
Lack of social or familial support.
Social attitude.
Rapid urbanization.
28. Physical effects
Deterioration of appearance and neglected grooming
Unusual smells on the breath, clothing and body.
Bloodshot eyes and/ or pupils looking larger or
smaller than normal.
Changes in sleeping pattern and appetite.
Sudden weight loss or weight gain.
Slurred speech.
Impaired co-ordination.
29. Physical Diseases associated with Drug abuse
More than 200 disease conditions are associated
with drug abuse:
Hepatitis
Gastritis
Heart Diseases
Pancreatitis
Oral Cancer and Cancer of other body parts
Diabetes
Seizures
30. Psychological effects
Difficulty in concentration.
Hopelessness
Lack of Motivation
Dysregulated emotions.
Loss of interest
Irritability
Suicidal Ideation
Difficulty in managing stress
Mood swings
31. Psychological Diseases associated with Drug abuse
Depression
Insomnia
Cognitive issues: Problems with memory, decision
making, memory, concentration.
Hallucinations
32.
33. Social effects
Incarcenation
Causing harm to another person
Unemployment
Breakdown of relationships.
Causing harm to yourself.
Destructive behavior
High risk sexual behavior
38. Conti……
Have a positive self esteem
Have friends who do not abuse drugs.
Have clearly designed goals.
39. Relapse Prevention
Take time for self- assessment and reflection.
Recognise your triggers and warning signs.
Plan for the worst.
Involve others.
Goals for a healthy lifestyles.
Therapy and counselling services.
Diversional activities.