Open Source Camp Kubernetes 2024 | Running WebAssembly on Kubernetes by Alex ...
infection control.pptx
1.
2. The invasion and multiplication of
microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses,
and parasites that is not normally present
within the body.
Infection is the invasion of the body by
pathogenic organisms.
3.
4. A reservoir is the place in the environment
where infectious agents live, multiply, and
reproduce so they can be transmitted to a
susceptible host.
A reservoir can be animate, such as people,
insects, animals, and plants, or inanimate,
such as water, soil, or medical devices.
5. Microorganisms that cause infection include
bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths
etc.
6. Once the causative agent exits the reservoir,
a means of transfer to a susceptible host is
needed.
Transmission methods for microorganisms
include direct contact, indirect contact, and
through the air.
7. Direct Contact
◦ Direct transmission occurs through:
Touching, biting, kissing, sexual contact,
Droplet spray into the eyes or mucous
membranes while sneezing, coughing, spitting,
singing, or talking. Droplet spread is usually
limited to 3 feet or less.
◦ Example of Illnesses
influenza, impetigo, scabies, conjunctivitis,
pediculosis, herpes, and all sexually transmitted
diseases.
8. Indirect Contact
Indirect transmission is either vehicle-borne
or vectorborne.
Vehicle-borne transmission
◦ The spread of an infectious organism by
contact with a contaminated object, such
as a toy, soiled bedding, dressings from a
wound, surgical instruments, water, food,
and biologic products such as
blood,serum, plasma, tissues, and organs.
9. Example of Vehicle-borne illnesses:
◦ conjunctivitis, HIV, and hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.
Vehicle transmission can be avoided
through:
◦ Proper hand washing, excellent cleaning of the
patient environment, and provision of clean water
and food supplies.
10. Vector-borne transmission is the spread of
infectious organisms through a living source
other than humans, such as:
◦ an insect, flea, mouse, or rat.
Diseases spread through vectors include
malaria, plague, etc.
Vector transmission can be reduced with
◦ insect repellants, avoidance of infested areas, and
rodent control.
11. Airborne
Airborne transmission is different from droplet
transmission because the particles floating in the
air are much smaller, remain suspended in the air
for a long time, and may travel large distances.
Airborne organisms can be inhaled or deposited on
the mucus membrane of a susceptible host.
Measles, chickenpox, and tuberculosis are
transmitted by airborne transmission.
Airborne transmission is prevented with the use of
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirators
(also known as a tuberculosis [TB] mask).
12.
13. Many diseases have multiple modes of
transmission requiring a variety of
protective techniques.
For example, chickenpox is transmitted by:
◦ direct contact, indirect contact, and airborne
transmission.
14. To produce disease, organisms must gain
entry into a susceptible host.
Routes of entry into a susceptible host
include the respiratory tract, skin (usually non
intact), mucous membranes, gastrointestinal
tract, genitourinary tract, and placenta.
15. Factors that increase susceptibility to
infection are
◦ very young age, old age, malnourishment,
immunocompromise, chronic disease, stress, and
invasive procedures.
16. The portal of exit is the route by which the
infectious agent leaves the host, who has
become a reservoir for infection:
◦ respiratory tract, skin, mucous membranes,
gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, blood,
open lesions, or placenta.
17.
18. It is the process by which the environment
of the patient is protected from contact with
infective organisms
Medical Asepsis
Surgical Asepsis
19. Medical asepsis is commonly referred to as
clean technique. The goal is to reduce the
number of pathogens or prevent the
transmission of pathogens from one person
to another.
Frequent, proper hand washing is one of the
best ways to achieve this goal.
Gowns, gloves, masks, and protective
eyewear or rooms with special ventilation
may also be helpful
20. Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) refers to
an item or area that is free of all
microorganisms and spores.
Surgical asepsis is used in surgery and to
sterilize equipment.
21. “Standard precautions” are a set of basic
steps care providers use to protect their
patients and themselves from infection.
Standard precautions require you to assume
that all patients are infectious regardless of
their diagnosis.
22. Standard precautions are meant to reduce
the risk of transmission of blood-borne and
other pathogens from both recognized and
unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control
precautions which are to be used, as a
minimum, in the care of all patients.
23. These basic steps include:
◦ Hand hygiene
◦ Wearing gloves
◦ Wearing a gown
◦ Using a face mask, face shield, and/or goggles if
splashing of blood or body fluids might occur.
◦ Cleaning of care equipment between patients.
