2. Wasteland reclamation means that the wastelands can be converted
or re-claimed as productive lands. This process is of turning barren,
sterile wasteland into fertile land & which will be appropriate for
habitation & cultivation.
The land which is unfit for cultivation, grazing,productivity and other
uses.
About 20% of the land area in India is waste-land.
Soil erosion,deforestation,over grazing are some major causes of waste
land formation.
3. Afforestation: It means growing forest in
uncultivated lands or wastelands.
Reforestation: When the lands are destroyed due to
overgrazing and excessive cutting, the forests can
be grown again by checking the soil erosion and
increasing productivity.
Provide surface coverance: By leaving the crop
residue on the land after harvesting, the land
surface can be protected from soil erosion.
Mulching: This is a cover used as a protection of
soil by reducing evaporation and soil erosion and
also it helps in retaining the soil moisture.
Leaching: When a land is a salt-affected land then
that can be reduced by leaching of water on it.
Changing agricultural practices: This is done for
the improvement or better growth of the land. This
can be done by making a few crops.
4. Global population growth trends in the last 4
centuries.
The number of people living in an area at a
particular time.
In 1800, the earth was home to about 1 billion
people. It took about thirty nine thousand
years of human history to reach 1 billion, 130
years to reach the second billion, 45 years to
reach 4 billion and the next doubling is likely
within a span of a few decades. We have
already crossed 6 billion and may reach 11
billion by 2045 as per the World Bank
estimates
5. Urbanization is the shift from a rural to
an urban society, bringing a large
concentration of people into towns and
cities. This process usually occurs when a
nation is still developing.
Many urban areas allow for better
living standards, including superior
educational facilities, better access to
healthcare, modern housing, and more
recreational activities.
