forensics

1. WHAT IS IT??????????
 Forensic derived from Latin word forum,
means ‘court of law’.
 Odontology - study of teeth.
 So “It is branch of dentistry which, in the
interest of justice, deals with the proper
handling & examination of dental evidence, &
with the proper evaluation & presentation of
dental findings.”

2. IMPORTANCE OF FORENSIC
ODONTOLOGY
 Identify unknown human at location of mass
disaster.
 Elicit ethnicity & assist in building up picture of
lifestyle & diet of skeletal remains.
 Sex determination of unidentified individuals.
 Age estimation of both living & dead.
 Recognition & analysis of bite marks found on
victims.
 Presenting evidence in court as an expert witness.

3. NEED FOR IDENTIFICATION???
 Social
 Emotional
 Legal

4.  Social

5.  Emotional

6.  Legal

7. DATA FOR IDENTIFICATION
PHYSICAL PERSONAL
CHARACTERISTIC BELONGING
1.AGE 1.CLOTHING
2.RACE 2.JEWELLERY
3.SEX 3.FINGERPRINT
4.RELIGION

8. METHOD FOR
IDENTIFICATION
Reconstructive
group
Attempts are made to
determine age, sex,
height, race, occupation
etc. leading to probable
identification.
Comparative group
In this attempts
made to match
antemortem
with postmortem
records

9. CLASSIFICATION OF AGE
MENTAL
SEXUAL DENTAL
ANOTOMICAL
CHRONOLOGICAL
AGE

10. AGE
ESTIMATION
Soft tissue Hard tissue
FACE SKIN
TEXTURE
WRINKLE ON
FACE
TOOTH SKELETON
Visual
Radiographic
Histological &
biochemical
Mandible
Hand wrist x-ray
Skull suture
Pelvic bone

11. IMPORTANCE OF AGE
ESTIMATION
 CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
 JUDICIAL PUNISHMENT
 RAPE
 KIDNAPPING
 EMPLOYMENT
 ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY
 MARRIAGE

12. AGE ESTIMATION BY DENTITION
 Natal & Neonatal period
 In children upto 14yrs
 In young adults 14-20yrs
 In adult above 20yrs

13. AGE ESTIMATION IN PRENATAL,
NEONATAL, POSTNATAL CHILD
 PRENATAL-
 By time of appearance of primary tooth germ.
 By time of starting of mineralization.
 NEONATAL-
 Neonatal line is associated with birth.
 POSTNATAL-
 By weighing teeth age from 5month in utero to
postnatal 7 month.
 Teeth in child at 6 month IU weight about 60mg,
0.5gm in newborn & 1.8gm at 6 month postnatally.

14. AGE ESTIMATION IN CHILDREN
 VISUAL EXAMINATION-
 Eruption of deciduous teeth, shedding &
eruption of permanent teeth
 Type of tooth eruption-
 Alveolar eruption- skeletal observation.
 Clinical eruption- tooth pierced the gingiva.

17. AGE ESTIMATION IN CHILDREN
 RADIOGRAPHICALLY-
 Starting of mineralization
 Crown completion
 Eruption
 Root completion

18. AGE ESTIMATION IN
YOUNG ADULTS
 Third molar can be used for estimation of age
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF MANDIBULAR 3RD MOLAR
Length mm Age [yrs]
Stage1 Crown complete, radiographic
evidence of root formation
3.5-5.3 16.8-16.9
Stage 2 root length >1/3 <1/2 7-8.6 17.5
Stage 3 Root length >2/3rd but not
complete
10-12.9 17.8-17.9
Stage 4 Root fully formed with open
apex
12-15.4 18.4-18.5
Stage 5 Apex closed 15-16.1 18.9-19.2

19. ESTIMATION OF AGE IN ADULTS
 Amount of attrition
 Deposition of secondary dentine
 Loss of periodontal attachment
 Cemental apposition
 Root resorption
 Transparency of root dentine

20. ESTIMATION OF AGE IN ADULTS
 BY DENTINAL ROOT
TRANSLUCENCY-
 Less influenced by
pathologic process &
environmental factors.
 Length of
translucency related
to age.

21. ESTIMATION OF AGE IN ADULTS
 DEPOSITION OF
SECONDARY
DENTINE-
 Size of pulp chamber
indicate amount of
secondary dentine
formation
 Size of pulp chamber
reduced with
advancing age.

22. ESTIMATION OF AGE IN ADULTS
 CEMENTAL
APPOSITION-
 Cementum
continuously
deposited at root end
& seen as
incremental lines.

23. ESTIMATION OF AGE IN ADULTS
 FLUORECENCE FROM
DENTINE & CEMENTUM-
 There is strong correlation
B/W age, deepening of color
of tooth & increase in intensity
of fluorescence
 It is done by spectroradiometry
 In 12-37yrs dentine is white,
cream & yellow
 In 55-64yrs it is dark yellow &
brown

24. ESTIMATION OF AGE IN ADULTS
 RECEMIZATION OF
ASPARTIC ACID-
 It is accurate method
 It is irreversible reaction
–rapid in living tissue
 With increase in age
there is increase in D/L
ratio.
 It is high in root dentine

25. CONCLUSION
 There are various method of age estimation,
but as tooth is hardest tissue in body & is
protected by skeleton & soft tissue it is
available even after long period of man made
or natural disaster. so we can easily estimate
age of an individual by using tooth.

26.  So “this is my sincere attempt to enable the
dentist to effectively assist the legal authorities
in carrying out the investigation & create
awareness among the police & other law
enforcing agencies”.

27. References-
 A Textbook of Oral Pathlogy- Shafer- 5th
edition.
 Textbook of forensic Odontology- Promod
Dayal-1st edition
 Oral & Maxillofacial pathology- Neville- 3rd
edition.
 Othani s. studies on age estimation using
recimization of aspartic acid. J. Foren. Sci.
40: 1995.

28. THANK YOU