Anti diabetic drugs

27. ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC DRUGS
These drugs lowers blood glucose levels and are effective
orally. With the exception of insulin , all are administered
orally and are thus also called oral hypoglycemic agents or
oral anti hyperglycemic agents.

28. CLASSIFICATION
1) Sulfonylurea : 1 Gen –
Tolbutamide and chlorpropamide
2nd Gen – glibenclamide
,glipizide,glimperide
Acts on B cells stimulating insulin
secretion and thus reducing plasma
glucose.
Hypoglycaemia, decrease iodide
uptake by thyroid. Contraindicated in
liver failure ,renal failure patients
2) Meglitinide : Repaglindine Act on B cells and stimulate inslin
(they act like sulphonylureas, but
they don’t have sulphonylurea moity.
Hypoglycaemia
3) Thiazolidinediones: Rosiglitazone
and pioglitazone
Bind to a nuclear receptor called
(PPARy) peroxisome proliferator
activated receptor complexed with
retinoid X receptor – transcription of
genes that is important in insulin
signalling.
Weight gain, fluid retention,headache
4) Alpha glucose inhibitors :
Acarbose
Delays carbohydrate absorption Loose stools, flatulence,diarrhoea
5) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors :
vildagliptin, sitagliptin
Increase blood concentration of the
incretin GLP-1
Allergic reactions,edema,loose stools
6) Biguanide (AMPk activator) Metformin Supresses hepatic hepatic
gluconeogenesis and responsible for
lowering the blood glucose
Metallic taste, diarrhea, lactic acidosis

29. Recent Advances in the treatment of
Diabetes mellitus :
MEDICATION CLASS FDA APPROVED DATE
1) Liraglutide (Victoza) GLP-1 receptor agonist 2010
2) Empagliflozin ( Jardiance) ( SGLT2 inhibitor) 2014
3) Ertugliflozin (steglatro) ( SGLT2 inhibitor) 2017
4) Semaglutide (ozempic) GLP-1 receptor agonist 2017
5) Depagliflozin Combination (SGLT2
inhibitor,DPP4 inhibitor)
2017

30. THANK YOU