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Engaging youth in ICT for enhanced agricultural knowledge
- 1. E N G A G I N G Y O U T H I N I C T F O R E N H A N C E D A G R I C U L T U R A L K N O W L E D G E R AT I H N AWA N G W U L A N MSc Final Thesis Presentation – 28 August 2018 Supervisor: Prof. Jacques Trienekens Co-reader: Dr. Emiel Wubben
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction Conceptual framework Methods Findings Conclusions Recommenda -tions • KS practice • ICT awareness • ICT applications • ICT challenges • ICT opportunities
- 3. INTRODUCTION 70% increase of global food production Increasing urbanization rate Ageing agrifood workers Challenge in sustainability and production acceleration (Carmody et al, 2015) Traditional practice means lack of access to knowledge and technology
- 4. INTRODUCTION ? young people (18-25 y.o.) are savvy users of ICT 80% Can we make agrifood sector as knowledge-based, knowledge- intensive sector? Can we engage youth to enhance knowledge sharing in supply chain? Possible! If given necessary support (White, 2012) (ITU, 2017)
- 6. RESEARCH QUESTIONS • How do young professionals share knowledge with and without ICT among stakeholders of agrifood supply chain? • What is the current level of awareness of ICT in agrifood supply chain of young professionals? • How do young professionals apply ICT in the current agrifood supply chain? • What are the challenges faced by young professionals in the application of ICT in agrifood supply chain? • What are the future opportunities in applications of ICT for young professionals in agrifood supply chain? What are the possibilities to enhance and to extend the reach of agricultural knowledge using ICT and support better understanding among the actors of agrifood supply chain from the standpoint of young professionals?
- 8. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Knowledge sharing Individual factors Organizational factors Technology factors Awareness Applications Challenges Opportunities SRQ1 Factors influencing knowledge sharing (Lin, 2007) ICT as technology factor to enhance knowledge sharing in agrifood sector from young professionals’ perspective
- 10. MIX METHODS Qualitative & quantitative methods SAMPLE SIZE 40 respondents 7 interviews SAMPLE YPARD members in Indonesia, Nepal & Philippines age 18-40 y.o. DATA ANALYSIS Interviews Questionnaires Atlas.ti Inferential statistics Descriptive statistics
- 12. FINDINGS: KS PRACTICE (SRQ 1) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Organization culture to support KS I am willing to share knowledge It is easy to adopt with current KS… Communication is the key of KS Strongly disagree Somewhat disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Strongly agree Knowledge types Product- related Process related Organiza -tional Strategic Agrifood sector: knowledge- based, knowledge-intensive sector Individual Organization Technology 70%respondents have positive attitudes towards KS & aware of KS benefits 80%respondents agree organization culture supporting KS “I obtained market information of agricultural products from internet” (KS, agri-entrepreneur) How do young professionals share knowledge with and without ICT among stakeholders of agrifood supply chain?
- 13. FINDINGS: ICT AWARENESS (SRQ 2) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% I use ICT device(s) at work The use of ICT is very helpful Strongly disagree Somewhat disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Strongly agree Experience Perceived benefits R = 0.865 80%respondents have incorporated ICT at work 80%respondents found ICT is very helpful to simplify assignments “We communicate via email and telephone with our local supply chain partners and our global partners” (DZ, food company officer) Challenge: ICT is not useful for agricultural extension because older farmers do not use ICT digital divide (AK, researcher) What is the current level of awareness of ICT in agrifood supply chain of young professionals?
- 14. FINDINGS: ICT APPLICATIONS (SRQ 3) Mobile phone Computer 78%respondents use mobile phone for work “We have a team live and work with farmers. I communicate with them via mobile phone, Whatsapp” (KS, agri-entrepreneur) 95%respondents use computer at work "At present, we work with farmers to identify their problems and to offer solution to them. It is very important to incorporate computerized system so that data will be centralized and also helps to maintain uniformity. There is less chance of bias in data collection. Using a computerized system in data collection makes it easier for data collection and analysis” (GK, researcher) • Communication • Solving technical issue • Information sourcing • Data collection & processing • Forecasting tool • Centralized information • Communication How do young professionals apply ICT in the current agrifood supply chain?
- 15. FINDINGS: ICT APPLICATIONS (SRQ 3) Internet Advanced ICT 85%respondents accessing internet at work 43%respondents use Software as a Service (SAAS). 13% use GIS tool. 7.5% use drone • Communication • Updating market information • Trend forecasting • Online learning • Data collection & processing • Agriculture product geotagging • Food safety monitoring
- 16. FINDINGS: ICT CHALLENGES (SRQ 4) Cost Skill Access & infrastructure 65%respondents agreed internet subscription is expensive Respondents are skilled in using ICT, however, digital divide exists. Lack of trainings for advanced ICT also crucial factor. “The challenge is especially with the old ones in our office who are having a bit of difficulty about using new technology. Also, especially those cloud-based technologies, for example, Google Drive” Limited support from government leads to lack of infrastructure and high ICT cost What are the challenges faced by young professionals in the application of ICT in agrifood supply chain?
- 17. FINDINGS: ICT OPPORTUNITIES (SRQ 5) 0% 10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% Access to internet is very useful for my… Mobile phone is very useful for my… The development of mobile phone… The development of computer… The development of internet is very… Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree 80%respondents willing to contribute in enhancing knowledge sharing with ICT What are the future opportunities for young people in ICT applications? • Designing ICT tools • Integrating ICT • Implementing ICT • Connecting with like-minded people What are the future opportunities in applications of ICT for young professionals in agrifood supply chain?
- 19. CONCLUSIONS 1Young people have the capability & motivation to incorporate ICT in the agrifood supply chain should be trusted to take the lead 2Cost of ICT, lack of trainings for advanced ICT, support from government, and digital divide still become challenges 3Young people can be engaged in the designing, development, and implementation stages of ICT for future use in supply chain. However, support is needed from organization & government to open up partnerships to reduce ICT cost and provide trainings
- 21. RECOMMENDATIONS • Further research on interaction of individual motivation & support from organization to foster ICT adoption in agrifood supply chain • Effect of youth leadership, cost reducing, and training provision to ICT adoption
- 22. THANK YOU
- 23. DEMOGRAPHICS 37.50% 62.50% Female Male 12.50% 50% 30% 5% 2.50% 0% 18-21 22-25 26-29 30-33 34-37 38-40 30% 50% 20% Indonesia Nepal
- 24. INTERVIEWS No. Name of interviewee Occupation Country Date of interview Type of interview Interview duration Code 1. Peter Casier Online media consultant Global 12-1-2018 Skype interview 00:47:17 PC, interview, 12-1- 2018 2. Courtney Paisley Director of YPARD Global 19-2-2018 Direct meeting 00:43:14 CP, interview,19-2- 2018 3. Kukuh Budi Santoso Chief Operational Officer at Tanijoy company Indonesia 6-2-2018 Skype interview 01:12:22 KS, interview, 6-2- 2018 4. Dicky Hasian Zulkarnain Officer at private food company Indonesia 7-2-2018 Skype interview 01:03:47 DZ, interview, 7-2- 2018 5. Abhishek Khadka Nepal Agricultural Department officer Nepal 11-2-2018 Skype interview 00:48:43 AK, interview, 11-2- 2018 6. Darwin Landicho Plant Quarantine Inspector at Philippines government Philippine s 17-2-2018 Skype interview 00:42:32 DL, interview, 17-2- 2018 7. Ghanshyam Kandel Technical Officer at Nepal Agriculture Research Council Nepal 26-2-2018 Skype interview 00:46:28 GK, interview, 26-2- 2018
- 25. RESULTS OF QUANTITATIVE No Sub-questions Analysis method Result 1 How do young professionals exchange knowledge with and without ICT among stakeholders of the agrifood supply chain? Pre-correlation test in MS Excel Multi variate analysis (MANOVA) in SPSS Descriptive statistics analysis in SPSS MANOVA test showed no significant difference in the responses to the questionnaire of respondents from Indonesia, Nepal, and Philippines (Section 4.1). 2 What is the current level of awareness of young professionals in ICT for agrifood supply chain? Pre-correlation test in MS Excel Multi variate analysis (MANOVA) in SPSS Descriptive statistics analysis in SPSS MANOVA test showed no significant difference in the responses to the questionnaire of respondents from Indonesia, Nepal, and Philippines (Section 4.2) 3 How do young professionals apply ICT in the current agrifood supply chain? Frequency analysis in SPSS Frequency analysis in MS Excel Can be seen in section 4.3 4 What are the challenges faced by young professionals in the application of ICT in the agrifood supply chain? Pre-correlation test in MS Excel One-way ANOVA test in SPSS Descriptive statistics analysis in SPSS One-way ANOVA test showed no significant difference in the responses to the questionnaire of respondents from Indonesia, Nepal, and Philippines (Section 4.4) 5 What are the future opportunities of ICT for young professionals in the agrifood supply chain? Non-parametric test in SPSS Descriptive statistics analysis in SPSS The non-parametric test showed no significant difference in the responses to the questionnaire of respondents from Indonesia, Nepal, and Philippines (Section 4.5).
Editor's Notes
- Good morning ladies & gentlemen. Thank you for coming to my final thesis presentation about the youth engagement in ICT for enhanced agricultural knowledge. This thesis is supervised by Prof. Jacques Trienekens and with Dr. Emiel Wubben as co-reader
- The growing population pushes global food production to increase up to 70%. However, numerous challenges hold up the development of agriculture, including sustainability and accelerating agricultural production. Especially in developing countries, traditional practices were still found along the supply chain. It holds up the adoption of knowledge and technology which lower the productivity and efficiency of the supply chain. Furthermore, the increasing urbanization rate of young people causing regeneration problems in agriculture.
- So, how can we improve agrifood sector, at the same time engaging youth to work on this? White on his research about agriculture and generation problem suggested that it is possible to engage youth and improve agrifood sector if given necessary support. This support can come from infrastructure enhancement, access to financing, adoption of technology, and ultimately access to knowledge which nowadays, ICT plays a big role. Fortunately, 80% young people are recognized as savvy users of ICT which make them ideal candidates to help increasing knowledge sharing practice in the agrifood supply chain using ICT.
- Within the framework of research, we studied the involvement of young professionals in the agrifood supply chian and utilization of ICT along the agrifood supply chain by doing a cross sectional study of YPARD members, particularly in Asia Pacific. Three countries were chosen, Indonesia ,Nepal, and Philippines considering the active participation in the network. These young professionals work as farmers, researchers, extension officers, entrepreneurs, etc. Currently, little research has been done in this area, especially for youth in developing countries in Asia Pacific. Therefore, our research was able to investigate the potential of young people to involve in the digital revolution of agrifood supply chain and give recommendation on how to enhance knowledge sharing, and support better understanding among the current and future professionals in agrifood sector using ICT.
- According to Lin, three main factors are involved in enabling learning process & facilitate knowledge sharing within or across teams of work. Individual factor is related to the motivation to contribute knowledge. Organizational factor is the support from organization to maintain positive knowledge sharing culture & provide sufficient resources. Technology factor is closely related with the use of ICT to enhance knowledge sharing. Different studies have shown the capability of ICT to make agrifood supply chain more efficient through knowledge seeking, storing, processing & interpretation. To explore the possibility of young people to contribute in the knowledge sharing with ICT, four main factors are playing major roles. The awareness of ICT determines to which degree the use of ICT can influence the decision to fully implement ICT. Applications of ICT referring to different ICT devices used. Challenges factor focuses on what aspects holding up the adoption and implementation of ICT, and lastly we looked at the future opportunities in the applications of ICT. All of these factors would be explored from the point of view of young professionals.
- This study used mixed methods approach in order to obtain in depth understanding data and result. Questionnaire is suitable method for data collection concerning the geographical distribution of study population. Interviews were conducted with young professionals to help explain the reasons behind and meaning of the quantitative results, and interviews with experts give more insights to the obtained data. Our samples are YPARD members in Indonesia, Nepal, and Philippines age 18-40 years old. In this research, we were able to collect 40 completed questionnaires and 7 interviews. Interviews data were managed and processed using Atlas.ti software and the questionnaires were processed with inferential and descriptive statistics.
- In the current knowledge sharing practice, all types of knowledge according to Crone & Ropper (1999) were presented, which are knowledge related to production, processing, organizational, and strategic knowledge, in all supply chain stages. This evidence shows that agrifood sector is a knowledge based and knowledge intensive sector and can provide room for young people to participate as agrifood professionals. Individual: According to Bock, knowledge would only available if knowledge owner makes it available. In this study, 70% of our respondents have positive attitudes towards KS and aware of the benefits in knowledge sharing. Therefore, the young people have the motivation to enhance current knowledge sharing practice. Organization: many firms are now aware of the benefits of KS & believe that maintaining positive KS culture is important to provide long term sustainability & success of organization Technology: Our respondents have mostly incorporated the use of ICT for knowledge sharing, for example to obtain price of agricultural products from the internet. However, further on this I would explain later
- As mentioned earlier, there are 4 factors influencing ICT utilization in knowledge sharing. The first factor is awareness of ICT in the agrifood supply chain. Our results demonstrated high awareness of the studied young professionals, shown by the high percentage of ICT incorporation and the perceived benefits of ICT.
- In answering SRQ 3, 4 common ICT devices utilized in the agrifood supply chain is investigated. Those are mobile phone, computer, internet, and advanced ICT devices
- Concluding, our respondents are already incorporating different ICT devices to simplify working assignments and highly skilled in using them. The fact that these young people highly engaged in different ICT devices dispenses opportunity for optimization of ICT, especially the mobile phone
- Thank you for listening to my presentation. Then I would like to open discussion session