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Food Waste in Supply Chain
1. “Food waste within food supply chains:
quantification and potential for change
to 2050”
Julian Parfitt, Mark Barthel and Sarah Macnaughton
(2010)
Claire Holch
Rakhee Rachel Rajan
Maike Cartsburg
Richard Noriega
Olivier Belet
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 1
2. Framework
1. Introduction
2. Definitions
3. Global Drivers & Trends
4. Post-Harvest Food Waste
5. Post-Consumer Food Waste
6. Food Waste to 2050
7. Conclusion
8. Case-Study UK
Introduction to supply chain 210/11/2017
4. Food is the “available food crops are used to meet human global needs directly” [Malik et
al., 2014], it has different nutritional values and could be subject to degradation. [ibid]
https://viralrang.com/use-food-pyramid-better-eating/
Introduction to supply chain 4
Icon Bread: http://www.iconarchive.com/show/windows-8-icons-by-icons8/Food-Bread-icon.hml
Icon meat, fish: https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/chicken-leg_18518
Icon fruit and vegetables: http://www.freeiconspng.com/img/25366
2. Definitions
Olivier Belet
10/11/2017
5. http://foodpolicyforthought.com/2015/02/21/does-it-matter-if-we-say-food-loss-or-food-waste/
Wholesome edible material intended for human consumption, arising at any point in the FSC
that is instead discarded, lost, degraded or consumed by pests (FAO 1981)
Food loss is also include in food waste.
Food losses occurring
at the end of the food
chain (retail and final
consumption) are rather
called “food waste”.
Food losses refer to
the “decrease in food
quantity or quality,
which makes it unfit for
human consumption
(Grolleaud, M. 2002)
Food waste
Introduction to supply chain
5
Depending on the
study
2. Definitions
Olivier Belet
10/11/2017
7. Developing
Countries
Transitionsal
Countries
Developed
Countries
3 inter-related global
drivers for supply chain
Post-Harvest Food Waste
Post-Consumer Food Waste
3. Global Drivers & Trends
Maike Cartsburg
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 7
Icon Traktor: https://icon-icons.com/de/symbol/Traktor-Transport-Traktor/3001
Icon Rural Farmer: https://www.flaticon.com/packs/farm-pictograms
8. 3. Global Drivers & Trends
Maike Cartsburg
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 8
Smallholders Rudimentary post-harvest infrastructure
Simple technologies
Local markets
Harvesting Processing Selling Consuming
9. 3. Global Drivers & Trends
Maike Cartsburg
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 9
Harvesting Processing Packaging Shipping Selling Consuming
Small scale farmers SupermarketsLimited post-harvest infrastructure
14. 4. Post-Harvest Food Waste
Introduction to supply chain 14
“Post-harvest Food Loss (PHL) is defined as measurable
qualitative and quantitative food loss along the supply chain,
starting at the time of harvest till its consumption or other end
uses.” (FAO 2017)
http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ess/documents/meetings_and_workshops/GS_SAC_2013/Improving_methods_for_estimating_post_harvest_losses/Final_PHLs_Estimation_6-13-13.pdf
Rakhee Rachel Rajan
10/11/2017
18. 4. Post-Harvest Food Waste
Introduction to supply chain 18
Rakhee Rachel Rajan
10/11/2017
Technology
Closer
Integration of
Growers,
Suppliers and
RetailersSupplyChain
Better Varieties
Limited Imports
Wider
Production
Market
Better
Technology and
Storage
e.g.
Refrigeration,
Packing
Houses
19. 4. Post-Harvest Food Waste
Introduction to supply chain 19
Rakhee Rachel Rajan
10/11/2017
Technology
Higly Integrated
System of
Growers,
Suppliers,
RetailersSupplyChain
More Exports
and Imports
More Variety of
Products and
Large Supply
Market
Highly
advanced
Technology
e.g.
Cold Chains,
Mechanised
Harvests
22. 5. Post-Consumer Food Waste
Introduction to supply chain 22
“Sources and disposal routes of household food and drink in UK homes. From WRAP (2009a) Household
food and drink waste in the UK.” (Parfitt et al. 2010: 3073)
Richard Noriega
10/11/2017
23. 5. Post-Consumer Food Waste
Introduction to supply chain 23
Richard Noriega
Definitions associated with household food and drink waste. From WRAP (2009a) Household food and drink
waste in the UK. (Parfitt et al. 2010: 3073)
10/11/2017
24. 5. Post-Consumer Food Waste
• Different parameters cited:
Introduction to supply chain 24
Richard Noriega
Kcal
% of total weight
Total weight of consumed food / food items
10/11/2017
25. 5. Post-Consumer Food Waste: How much?
Richard Noriega
3
25
6,5
25
12,7
15
27
11
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1939 1975 1976 1981 1982 1997 1998 2008 2009 2010
PERCENTAGE OF FOOD WASTE (%)
YEARS
TOTAL PERCENTAGE OF FOOD WASTE IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES
UK
USA
AUSTRALIA
SOUTH KOREA
NETHERLANDS
Figure1. Self-edited
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 25
27. • WRAP (2009a):
5. Post-Consumer Food Waste: What?
Richard Noriega
FFV
7 %of milk purchases is
wasted36 % of bakery products
> 50 % of lettuce/leafy salads
Bakery icon: https://static.vecteezy.com/system/resources/previews/000/155/900/non_2x/vector-black-white-bakery-food.jpg
Milk icon: http://clipart-library.com/clipart/1494321.htm
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 27
28. 5. Post-Consumer Food Waste: Who?
Richard Noriega
Household size and
composition
Household income
Household
demographics
Household culture
Young woman icon: http://cdn.toonvectors.com/images/2/21848/toonvectors-21848-140.jpg
Old person icon: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/31/c1/10/31c110447d1fdba6d90f284edd2255db.jpg
Map icon: http://aucoplan.us/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/city-town-Latin-America-Map-Flags-33-Download-with-Latin-America-Map-Flags.jpg
USA flag icon: https://www.istockphoto.com/de/foto/usa-flagge-gm523382953-51788994?esource=SEO_GIS_CDN_Redirect
Kid and person icon: https://www.shareicon.net/people-couple-education-adult-kids-child-kid-children-kindergarten-humanpictos-842252
Large family: https://www.istockphoto.com/de/vektor/gro%C3%9Fe-familien-gm132074641-18469282?esource=SEO_GIS_CDN_Redirect
Money icon: http://wikiclipart.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Money-black-and-white-clipart-money-black-and-white-clipartfest-2.png
Many bills icon: http://wikiclipart.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Money-black-and-white-clipart-money-black-and-white-clipartfest.png
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 28
29. 5. Post-Consumer Food Waste: Why?
Richard Noriega
“Leftover”
Family icon: http://clipartix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Black-and-white-clip-art-2-clipartbold-2.jpg
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 29
30. „Here we discuss the trends likely to drive waste production in
future, where there could be the greatest potential for
reduction of food waste (…), and what policies and
systems may be required to reduce food waste to 2050.“
(Parfitt et al. 2010: 3077)
6. Food Waste to 2050
Claire Holch
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 30
31. Food production and post-harvest processing
• lack of infrastructure
• associated technical and managerial skills
Developing
Countries
Post-consumer
• low price of food relative to disposable income
• consumers‘ high expectations of food cosmetic standards
6. Food Waste to 2050
Future Trends
Transitional
Countries
Developed
Countries
Urbanization
• increasing disconnection between consumers and how food is produced
Claire Holch
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 31
32. Food waste reduction – more and more important?
• resource and commodity limitations
à increase economic value of food
à food waste reduction
6. Food Waste to 2050
Food Waste Reduction
Global warming/climate change: https://thenounproject.com/term/global-warming/415308/
Population growrth: https://thenounproject.com/term/population-growth/1147927/
Claire Holch
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 32
33. Implement sustainable solutions across ENTIRE FSC
Harvesting Processing Packaging Shipping Selling Consuming
6. Food Waste to 2050
Food Waste Reduction
Claire Holch
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 33
34. Market-led (large-scale/private) investment
• Where?
• in agricultural infrastructure, technological skills and knowledge
• storage
• transport and distribution
• How?
• supported by local government policies
• with reach through into developed worlds markets
• transferring existing technologies and good practice
• addressing the problems of local farmers
Innovative technology throughout FSC
• Where?
• packaging
• shelf life improvement
Developing
Countries
6. Food Waste to 2050
Food Waste Reduction
Claire Holch
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 34
35. Consumer behaviour
• How?
• education
• awareness
Changing legislation and business behaviour
• How?
• towards more sustainable food production and consumption
Innovative technology throughout FSC
• Where?
• packaging
• shelf life improvement
Developed
Countries
6. Food Waste to 2050
Claire Holch
Food Waste Reduction
https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/zu-gut-f%C3%BCr-die-
tonne/id572706106?mt=8
https://www.lovefoodhatewaste.com/
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 35
36. • NO consensus on the
proportion of global food
production that is currently
lost !
Limited
primary
data set
• Date of studies / data set
• Samples
• Different definitions
• Different methods of
measurement
Introduction to supply chain 36
7. Conclusion
Harvesting Processing Packaging Shipping Selling Consuming
Olivier Belet
10/11/2017
37. 8. Case Study UK
• to reduce waste Hanson and Mitchell (2017: 2) suggest public and privat sector decision-
makers to proceed to …
Target
„Targets set ambition, and ambition motivates action.“
Measure
„What gets measured gets managed.“
Act
„Action is what ultimately matters.“
Introduction to supply chain 3710/11/2017
Practical approach of food waste reduction in the UK
Claire Holch
Olivier Belet
Rakhee Rachel Rajan
Target: https://thenounproject.com/term/target/2038/
Measure: https://thenounproject.com/term/measure/290695/
Hand: https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/push-button_109620
38. 8. Case Study UK
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 38
Food waste in the UK and the organisation WRAP
à Between 4,2-5,4 Mt is preventable
(Parry 2015: 30 and 48)
• = Waste and Resources Action Programme
• a registered charity
• works with businesses, individuals and communities
• “Our mission is to accelerate the move to a
sustainable, resource-efficient economy” (WRAP 2017a)
Claire Holch
Olivier Belet
Rakhee Rachel Rajan
39. 8. Case Study UK
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 39
WRAP ‚Target, measure and act‘
Target
• ‚The Courtauld Commitment 2025‘
• “targeted overall outcomes from 2015 to 2025 (…)
• e.g. 20% reduction in food & drink waste arising in the UK” (WRAP 2017b)
Measure
• developed the W.A.S.T.E. process
• = Waste definition, Analyse and identify root causes, Solution generation, Trial, evaluate and
measure and Execute sustainable change and reduce waste
• à help businesses identify waste and reduce it within their operations and across supply
chains. (Parry 2015: 41)
Act
• „Love Food Hate Waste“
Claire Holch
Olivier Belet
Rakhee Rachel Rajan
Target: https://thenounproject.com/term/target/2038/
Measure: https://thenounproject.com/term/measure/290695/
Hand: https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/push-button_109620
40. 8. Case Study UK
Love Food Hate Waste (LFHW)
• the campaign gives individuals the information they need to recognise
and tackle food waste (WRAP 2017c)
10/11/2017 Introduction to supply chain 40
WRAP campaigns facing consumers
Love Your Clothes
• offers practical advice to help people make the most of their clothes
• demonstrating the benefits of repairing, re-using and recycling
(WRAP 2017c)
Recycle Now
• provides information and advice to help individuals recycle more
(WRAP 2017c)
http://www.wrap.org.uk/food-waste-reduction
https://www.loveyourclothes.org.uk/
https://partners.wrap.org.uk/assets/9412/?goal=0_165af891aa-530feb1682-4483145
Claire Holch
Olivier Belet
Rakhee Rachel Rajan
42. Sources
• Parfitt J., Barthel M., Macnaughton S. 2010 „Food waste within foodsupply chains: Quantification and potential for
change to 2050.“ in Fil.Trans. R. Soc. B 365, 3065-3081
• FAO 2017 Corporate Cocument Repository: Post Harvest System and Food Losses, Chaper 2
• Grolleaud, M. 2002 Post-harvest losses: discovering the full story. Overview of the phenomenon of losses during the
post-harvest system. Rome, Italy: FAO, Agro Industries and Post-Harvest Management Service.
• Chopra, Sunil. & Meindl, Peter. (2004). Supply ChainManagement, strategy, planning, and operation. Second
edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Reprint Prentice-Hall of India.
• Aulakh J and Regimi A. 2013 Post Harvest Food Losses Estimation- Development of Consistant Methodology, Pg 2 :
FAO Work Shops and Meetings
• FAO 1981 Food loss prevention in perishable crops. FAO Agricultural Service Bulletin, no. 43, FAO Statistics Division.
• Hanson, C., and P. Mitchell. 2017. The Business Case for Reducing Food Loss and Waste. Washington, DC:
Champions 12.3.
• Parry, A., P. Bleazard and K. Okawa (2015), “Preventing Food Waste: Case Studies of Japan and the United Kingdom”,
OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 76, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5js4w29cf0f7-
en
• WRAP 2017a: http://www.wrap.org.uk/about-us/about
• WRAP 2017b: http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/what-courtauld-2025
• WRAP 2017c: http://www.wrap.org.uk/category/role/individual
Introduction to supply chain 4210/11/2017
