chemical hazards- personal-Domestic sectors (1).pptx

MEENAKSHI MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL & RI, MAHER
DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY u/s 3 of UGC 1956

Chemical hazards –
personal domestic
sectors

DOMESTIC CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
FLOOR CLEANERS: Harmful chemicals in Floor cleaners
1. Ammonia
2. Sodium hydroxide
3. Synthetic fragrances
4. Benzene
5. Surfactants
6. Glycol ethers

Ammonia: It is a highly alkaline compound that can cause respiratory irritation, eye
irritation, and skin burns . Prolonged or repeated exposure to ammonia fumes can lead
to chronic respiratory issues.
Sodium Hydroxide: It can cause severe burns and tissue damage if it comes into contact
with the skin or eyes. Inhaling sodium hydroxide fumes can irritate the respiratory
system.
Synthetic Fragrances: It can contain a mixture of chemicals, including phthalates and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Phthalates have been linked to hormone disruption
and reproductive issues, while VOCs can contribute to respiratory irritation and
allergic reactions, particularly in individuals with sensitivities.

Surfactants: Certain surfactants, such as alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs), have
been associated with environmental concerns and may have the potential to
disrupt hormonal balance.
Glycol Ethers: Glycol ethers, such as ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE),
can be found in some floor cleaners as solvents. Prolonged or repeated exposure to
glycol ethers has been linked to respiratory issues, blood abnormalities, and
potential impacts on fertility and development.

AIR FRESHNERS :
Harmful chemicals in Paints and
Varnishes :
1. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
2. Formaldehyde
3. Phthalates
4. Synthetic fragrances
5. Aerosol Propellants

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Many air fresheners release VOCs, such as
formaldehyde, benzene, and toluene. These compounds can contribute to indoor air
pollution and have been associated with respiratory irritation, headaches, dizziness,
and allergic reactions. Prolonged exposure to high levels of VOCs may increase the risk
of developing respiratory conditions and other health issues.
Phthalates: They can be released into the air and can disrupt hormonal balance,
potentially affecting reproductive health and development. Certain phthalates have
been linked to adverse effects on the respiratory system and allergies.

Synthetic Fragrances: Synthetic fragrances can trigger allergic reactions,
asthma attacks, and respiratory irritation in sensitive individuals. Some
fragrance ingredients may also have the potential to cause hormone disruption.
Aerosol Propellants: Some propellants, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), have
been associated with contributing to climate change and environmental harm.
Formaldehyde: It is a known human carcinogen and can cause respiratory
irritation, allergic reactions, and eye irritation.

BLEACH:

Respiratory Irritation: Breathing in bleach fumes or mists can cause respiratory
irritation, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
Skin and Eye Irritation: Direct contact with bleach on the skin or eyes can lead to
irritation, redness, itching, and even chemical burns.
Asthma and Allergic Reactions: Some individuals, especially those with pre-existing
respiratory conditions like asthma, may experience worsened symptoms or trigger an
asthma attack when exposed to bleach fumes. Additionally, sensitive individuals may
develop allergic reactions such as skin rashes or hives.

Chemical Burns: Undiluted bleach can cause chemical burns on the skin or
mucous membranes.
Toxic Gas Formation: Mixing bleach with certain other cleaning agents or
chemicals can result in the release of toxic gases, such as chlorine gas. Chlorine
gas can cause severe respiratory distress and is extremely dangerous. Never mix
bleach with ammonia, vinegar, or other acids.

DETERGENTS :
Harmful chemicals in Detergents :
1. Phosphates
2. Surfactants
3. Fragrances
4. Optical Brighteners
5. Enzymes

Phosphates: When released into water bodies, phosphates can contribute to
excessive algae growth, leading to water pollution and harm to aquatic ecosystems.
Surfactants: Some surfactants, such as nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) have
been largely phased out or restricted in many regions due to their persistence in the
environment and potential to disrupt hormone balance.
Fragrances: Hormone disruption and potential respiratory issues in sensitive
individuals.

Optical Brighteners: While optical brighteners are generally considered safe for
human health, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic
reactions.
Enzymes: Enzymes are often used in laundry detergents to break down protein-
based stains. While enzymes are generally safe, some individuals with sensitive skin
may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions.

PAINT AND VARNISHES :
Harmful chemicals in Paints and
Varnishes :
1. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
2. Formaldehyde
3. Heavy metals
4. Isocynates
5. Benzene

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Exposure to VOCs can cause eye, nose,
and throat irritation, headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Prolonged or high
levels of exposure may lead to more serious health effects, including damage to
the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system.
Formaldehyde: Inhalation of formaldehyde can cause irritation of the eyes,
nose, throat, and respiratory system. Prolonged or high-level exposure has been
associated with an increased risk of respiratory disorders, such as asthma, and
may also have carcinogenic properties.

Heavy metals: Some paints and varnishes may contain heavy metals such as lead,
mercury, cadmium, and chromium. These metals can be toxic, especially if ingested or
inhaled as dust or fumes. Lead, for example, can cause serious neurological damage,
particularly in young children. Other heavy metals may contribute to kidney damage,
respiratory problems, and cancer.
Isocyanates: They can cause irritation and sensitization of the skin, eyes, and
respiratory system. Prolonged or repeated exposure to isocyanates may lead to
occupational asthma, a chronic condition that affects the airways.
Benzene: It is a known carcinogen and long-term exposure to high levels of benzene has
been linked to an increased risk of leukemia and other blood-related cancers.

Disinfectants:
Harmful chemicals in Disinfectants :
1. Chlorine bleach
2. Quaternary ammonium compounds
3. Phenols
4. Hydrogen peroxide
5. Alcohol

Chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite): Chlorine bleach is a strong oxidizing
agent commonly used as a disinfectant. Prolonged exposure or inhalation of
chlorine bleach fumes can irritate the respiratory system, leading to coughing,
wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. It can also irritate the
skin and eyes, causing redness, itching, and burning.
Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats): Quats can cause skin irritation,
dermatitis, and allergic reactions. In some cases, quats have been associated with
respiratory problems such as asthma and other breathing difficulties.

Phenols: Exposure to phenols can lead to skin and eye irritation, respiratory
problems, and gastrointestinal issues. Long-term exposure or ingestion of high
concentrations of phenols can be more severe and may cause liver and kidney
damage.
Hydrogen peroxide: High concentrations or if ingested, it can irritate the skin,
eyes, and respiratory system. It may also cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea,
and vomiting.
Alcohol-based disinfectants: Excessive or prolonged use can lead to dryness,
redness, and irritation of the skin. Ingestion of alcohol-based disinfectants can
cause poisoning and serious health effects.

Safety guidelines for handling household chemicals:
Follow these guidelines to make sure that you are using chemical safely:
1. Buy the right chemical for the job.
2. Only buy the amount you need to do the job.
3. Read the label carefully and follow instructions closely.
4. Be aware of the first aid advice.
5. Use only as directed

6. Handle carefully.
7. Keep away from children.
8. Store in the original container and in a secure place.
9. Dispose of unwanted chemicals properly.
10.Educate children on how to handle chemicals safely.
11.Ask for help if you don’t understand the label or have trouble
opening or handling the product.

COSMETICS AND ITS HAZARDS
HAIR DYE :
HARMFUL CHEMICALS IN HAIR
DYES:
1. AMMONIA
2. PEROXIDE
3. P- PHENYLENEDIAMINE (PPD)
4. RESORCINOL
5. LEAD ACETATE
6. FRAGRANCES AND
PRESERVATIVES

Ammonia: It can cause scalp irritation, burning sensations, and allergic
reactions in some individuals.
Peroxide: Overexposure to peroxide can lead to scalp irritation, dryness, and hair
damage.
P- phenylenediamine ( PPD ):
It is known to cause allergic reactions in some individuals, ranging from mild skin
irritation to severe swelling and difficulty breathing.
Resorcinol: Prolonged exposure to resorcinol can cause skin irritation, allergic
reactions, and thyroid dysfunction.

Fragrances and Preservatives:
Some of these chemicals, such as formaldehyde and parabens, have been linked to
skin allergies, hormone disruption, and potential carcinogenic effects.
Lead Acetate:
Neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, anaemia, menstrual irregularities, cardiovascular side
effects etc. if exposed during pregnancy it can cause developmental
abnormalities.

Lipsticks:
HARMFUL CHEMICALS IN LIPSTICKS
1. LEAD
2. CADMIUM
3. PARABENS
4. PHTHALATES
5. FORMALDEHYDE

Lead: Lead may contribute to various health issues such as neurological
problems, reproductive disorders, and developmental delays.
Cadmium: Prolonged exposure to cadmium has been linked to kidney damage,
lung problems, and potentially increased cancer risk.
Parabens: Although the health risks of parabens are still debated, some studies
have suggested a possible link between paraben exposure and hormonal
disruption, which could potentially affect reproductive health.

Phthalates: Some phthalates have been associated with endocrine disruption and
reproductive toxicity.
Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is a known human carcinogen and can cause skin
irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals.

Shampoos:
Harmful chemicals in shampoos :
1. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth
Sulfate (SLES)
2. Parabens
3. Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-releasing
preservatives:
4. Phthalates
5. Fragrances

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES): Potential
side effects can include scalp irritation, dryness, and increased susceptibility to
allergens.
Parabens: They have been associated with hormone disruption and allergic
reactions in some individuals.
Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives: They have been
linked to skin irritation, allergic reactions, and are classified as carcinogenic
(cancer-causing) by some organizations.

Phthalates:
Some studies suggest that certain phthalates may be endocrine disruptors,
potentially affecting hormonal balance.
Fragrances:
They can cause allergic reactions or skin irritation in some individuals, particularly
those with sensitive skin or fragrance allergies.

Sunscreen :
Harmful chemicals in Sunscreens:
1. Oxybenzone
2. Octinoxate
3. Retinyl Palmitate
4. Homosalate

Oxybenzone: It has been associated with skin allergies and hormone disruption. Some studies
suggest that oxybenzone may mimic estrogen in the body and potentially disrupt normal
hormone function.
Octinoxate (Octyl methoxycinnamate): It has been found to have endocrine-disrupting
properties and has been detected in human breast milk, urine, and blood samples.
Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A Palmitate): when exposed to sunlight, it may generate free
radicals that can damage DNA and potentially contribute to skin cancer development.
Homosalate: Some studies have suggested that it can disrupt hormone function and accumulate
in the body over time. However, the concentration used in sunscreen products is generally
considered safe for use.

DEODRANTS :
Harmful chemicals in
Deodorants:
1. Aluminum compounds
2. Parabens
3. Phthalate
4. Synthetic musks
5. Fragrance

Aluminum Compounds: Aluminum compounds, such as aluminum chlorohydrate and aluminum
zirconium, are commonly used in antiperspirant deodorants . There have been concerns that
aluminum could be absorbed through the skin and potentially contribute to health issues such as
breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
Parabens: parabens may have estrogenic properties and could potentially disrupt hormone
function. However, the concentrations used in cosmetic products are typically considered safe.
Phthalates: Phthalates have been associated with endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity
in animal studies.

Synthetic Musks: Some types of synthetic musks, such as nitromusks and polycyclic musks, have
been found to accumulate in the environment and in human tissues. While their impact on human
health is still being studied, they have been detected in breast milk and can potentially disrupt
hormone function.
Fragrance Allergens: Common fragrance allergens include ingredients like linalool, limonene,
and geraniol. These allergens can cause skin irritation, contact dermatitis, or respiratory
symptoms in sensitive individuals.

NAIL POLISH :
Harmful chemicals in Nail
polish:
1. Formaldehyde
2. Toluene
3. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)
4. Formaldehyde Resin
5. Camphor

Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde may cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and
respiratory problems. Formaldehyde is also classified as a known human
carcinogen.
Toluene: Breathing in high levels of toluene vapors may cause dizziness,
headaches, nausea, and respiratory irritation. Pregnant women should be
particularly cautious, as toluene exposure has been associated with developmental
issues in the fetus.
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP): Exposure to DBP may disrupt hormone function and
reproductive system development. It is often best to avoid nail polishes that contain
DBP, especially during pregnancy.

Formaldehyde resin:
Some individuals may be sensitive to formaldehyde resin and experience allergic
reactions or skin irritation.
Camphor:
In high concentrations, it can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Additionally, ingesting camphor or applying it to broken skin can lead to more
severe effects such as nausea, headache, and seizures.

BINDI :
Harmful chemicals in bindi :
1. Adhesive chemical
2. Synthetic dyes and pigments
3. Metals and metal compounds
4. Plasticizers

Adhesive chemicals: acrylic-based adhesives may experience skin irritation,
redness, contact dermatitis or rash at the site of application.
Synthetic dyes and pigments: These stickers can sometimes cause allergic
reactions, particularly in individuals with hypersensitivity or pre-existing
allergies.
Metals and metal compounds: Nickel, for example, is a common allergen that
can cause contact dermatitis in susceptible individuals.
Plasticizers: endocrine disruption and reproductive issues.

TALC:
Harmful chemicals in talcum
power:
1. Asbestos
2. Heavy metals

Asbestos: Exposure to asbestos has been linked to serious health issues, including
lung cancer, mesothelioma, and other respiratory diseases.
Heavy metals: Talc deposits can also contain trace amounts of heavy metals such
as lead. Prolonged exposure to lead can have harmful effects on human health,
particularly for children. Lead toxicity can lead to developmental issues, cognitive
impairments, and other adverse effects.

Makeup removers and toners:
Harmful chemicals in Makeup
removers and toners:
1. Parabens
2. Phthalates
3. Formaldehyde releasing
preservatives
4. Fragrances
5. Alcohol
6. Artificial colors

Parabens: There is some concern that parabens can mimic estrogen in the body,
disrupting hormonal balance. They have been detected in breast cancer tumors,
although no direct causal link has been established.
Phthalates: Certain phthalates, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), have been linked to
reproductive and developmental toxicity.
Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives: Some makeup removers and toners contain
formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, such as DMDM hydantoin, diazolidinyl urea, and
quaternium-15. These preservatives help prevent bacterial growth. Formaldehyde is a
known human carcinogen and can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions, especially
in individuals with sensitivities.

Fragrances: These can potentially trigger allergic reactions, skin irritation, and
respiratory issues in susceptible individuals.
Alcohol: Alcohol can be drying and irritating to the skin, particularly for
individuals with sensitive or dry skin. Prolonged use of alcohol-based products can
disrupt the skin's natural moisture balance.
Artificial colors: Certain artificial colors, like FD&C Red No. 6 (CI 15850), have
been associated with skin sensitivity and irritation.

Mascara and other eye products:
Harmful chemicals in Mascara
and eye products:
1. Parabens
2. Formaldehyde
3. Phthalates
4. Carbon black
5. Heavy metals

Parabens: Although their use is regulated, some studies have
suggested a possible link between parabens and hormone disruption,
as well as a potential connection to breast cancer.
Formaldehyde: Prolonged exposure to formaldehyde can cause eye
irritation, allergic reactions, and respiratory problems.
Phthalates: Phthalates are plasticizers used in some cosmetics,
including mascaras. They have been linked to hormone disruption and
reproductive toxicity.

Carbon black: Carbon black is a pigment commonly used in black and dark-
colored mascaras. It can contain impurities, such as polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are potential carcinogens.
Heavy metals: Some mascaras may contain trace amounts of heavy metals like
lead, arsenic, and mercury as impurities. Prolonged exposure to these metals can
have adverse health effects, particularly if they accumulate in the body over time.

Safety guidelines for using cosmetic products:
Follow these safety guidelines when using cosmetics products of any type:
• Read the label. Follow all directions and heed all warnings.
• Wash your hands before you use the product.
• Do not share makeup.
• Stop using product immediately if aby reaction occurs and seek medical
help.

• Keep the containers clean and tightly closed when not in use, and protect
them from temperature extremes.
• Throw away cosmetics if there are changes in color or smell.
• Use aerosols or sprays cans in well-ventilated areas. Do not use them
while you are smoking or near an open flame. It could start a fire

There are special safety guidelines for using cosmetics in the
eye area. Be sure to keep these practices in mind:
• Do not use cosmetics near your eyes unless they are meant
for your eyes. For example, do not use lip liner on your eyes.
• Do not add saliva or water to mascara. You could add germs.
• Throw away your eye makeup if you get an eye infection.
The makeup could have become contaminated.
• Do not dye or tint your eyebrows or eyelashes at home.

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