After completing this week’s activities you will be able to:
Identify a framework to assess internal and external validity of empirical studies conducted using regression analysis.
Assess internal and external validity of published articles.
Researchers consider validity and reliability with each new study th.docxmackulaytoni
Researchers consider validity and reliability with each new study they design. This is because validity and reliability are not fixed but rather reflect a particular study’s unique variables, research design, instruments, and participants.
In the context of research design, two types of validity, which speak to the quality of different features of the research process, are considered: internal validity and external validity. Assuming that the findings of a research study are internally valid—i.e., the researcher has used controls to determine that the outcome is indeed due to manipulation of the independent variable or the treatment—external validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be generalized from the sample to the population or to other settings and groups. Reliability refers to the replicability of the findings.
For this Discussion, you will consider threats to internal and external validity in quantitative research and the strategies used to mitigate these threats. You will also consider the ethical implications of designing quantitative research.
With these thoughts in mind:
Post by Day 4
an explanation of a threat to internal validity and a threat to external validity in quantitative research. Next, explain a strategy to mitigate each of these threats. Then, identify a potential ethical issue in quantitative research and explain how it might influence design decisions. Finally, explain what it means for a research topic to be
amenable to scientific study
using a quantitative approach.
.
IDS 400 Milestone Four Guidelines and Rubric Analyzing an .docxalanrgibson41217
IDS 400 Milestone Four Guidelines and Rubric
Analyzing an Issue or Event in Diversity Through the Lenses of the Natural and Applied Sciences and the Social Sciences
Overview: For the first part of your final project, the critical analysis portfolio, you will select an issue or event in diversity and critically analyze it through the
four general education lenses: history, humanities, natural and applied sciences, and social sciences. By viewing the issue or event through these lenses, you will
gain insight into how the intersectional nature of diversity affects society as well as both your own individual framework of perception and the choices, attitudes,
and behaviors of others in the world around you.
For this fourth milestone, due in Module Six, you will analyze your issue/event in diversity through the lenses of the natural and applied sciences and the social
sciences. Like Milestone Two, this task provides you with an opportunity to dive deeper into your analysis of the issue/event through these two lenses. This will
provide you with a chance to practice analyzing your issue/event through these lenses and receive feedback on this practice attempt.
Prompt: First, review your work in Modules Five and Six, as well as the Four Lenses document from Module One.
Next, analyze your issue/event through the lens of the natural and applied sciences by exploring the following questions:
How does this issue/event provide a social commentary through the natural and applied sciences?
In what ways can science help resolve or enhance your issue/event?
Next, analyze your issue/event through the lens of the social sciences, and address the following:
How does this issue/event interact with the social sciences lens and impact social issues?
In what ways does the social science lens help articulate a deeper understanding of the social issue(s) that inform your issue/event?
Note: You are completing two separate analyses: one from the natural and applied sciences and one from the social sciences. You must submit two papers in a
single Word document.
Be sure to use evidence from research to support your analysis. Refer to course resources, the LibGuide for this course, and any other pertinent resources to
support your responses. Relevant current news sources may be used with instructor approval. Incorporate instructor feedback into Final Project Part One.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Lens Analysis: In this section of your assignment, you will analyze your issue/event through two of the four general education lenses.
A. Analyze your issue/event through the lens of the natural and applied sciences for determining its impact on various institutions. Utilize evidence
from research to support your analysis.
https://learn.snhu.edu/content/enforced/196286-MASTER-IDS-400-CEIDS-OL-TRAD.19EW5/Course%20Documents/IDS%20400%20Four%20General%20Education%20Lenses.pdf?_&d2lSe.
Is this a Cohort Study What would be an example of a Cohort study.pdfsiennatimbok52331
Is this a Cohort Study? What would be an example of a Cohort study?
1)
Solution
Cohort studies, case control studies and randomized controlled trials
When people read about a research study, they may not pay attention to how the study was
designed. But to understand the quality of the findings, it\'s important to know a bit about study
design.
According to the widely-accepted hierarchy of evidence, the most reliable evidence comes from
systematic reviews (see Infocus, Summer 2004), followed by evidence from randomized
controlled clinical trials, cohort studies and then case control studies.
Research studies typically fall into one of two main categories:
Observational studies
Here researchers observe the effect of a risk factor, diagnostic test or treatment without trying to
influence what happens. Such studies are usually \"retrospective\".
05995 Topic Discussion 3Number of Pages 2 (Double Spaced).docxoswald1horne84988
05995 Topic: Discussion 3
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Master
Category: Psychology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Discussion: Answer each question accordingly. Discuss, elaborate and give example on each question. Please use on the module chapter 7 and 8 as reference or sources. The Author of the Modules is (Cohen, R. J., Swerdlik, M. E, & Sturman, E. D. (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill).
Questions:
1.Of the major factors that affect a test's utility (psychometric soundness, cost, benefit), which is most important and why? 175 words
2.What are the differences between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests? What are some of the pros and cons of each, and when would each test be more appropriate?175 words
3.Review this week’s course materials and learning activities and reflect on your learning so far this week. Respond to one or more of the following prompts in one to two paragraphs: 175 words
1.
Provide citation and reference to the material(s) you discuss. Describe what you found interesting regarding this topic, and why.
2.
Describe how you will apply that learning in your daily life, including your work life.
3.
Describe what may be unclear to you, and what you would like to learn.
05993 Topic: Discussion 1
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Master
Category: Psychology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Discussion: Answer each question accordingly. Discuss, elaborate and give example on each question. Please use on the module chapter 7 and 8 as reference or sources. The Author of the Modules is (Cohen, R. J., Swerdlik, M. E, & Sturman, E. D. (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill).
Questions:
1.Of the major factors that affect a test's utility (psychometric soundness, cost, benefit), which is most important and why? 175 words
2.What are the differences between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests? What are some of the pros and cons of each, and when would each test be more appropriate?175 words
3.Review this week’s course materials and learning activities and reflect on your learning so far this week. Respond to one or more of the following prompts in one to two paragraphs: 175 words
1.
Provide citation and reference to the material(s) you discuss. Describe what you found interesting regarding this topic, and why.
2.
Describe how you will apply that learning in your daily life, including your work life.
3.
Describe what may be unclear to you, and what you would like to learn.
Module Chapter 8 p655 wk3
C H A P T E R 8
Test Development
All tests are not created equal. The creation of a goo.
Discussion: Designing Quantitative Research
Researchers consider validity and reliability with each new study they design. This is because validity and reliability are not fixed but rather reflect a particular study’s unique variables, research design, instruments, and participants.
In the context of research design, two types of validity, which speak to the quality of different features of the research process, are considered: internal validity and external validity. Assuming that the findings of a research study are internally valid—i.e., the researcher has used controls to determine that the outcome is indeed due to manipulation of the independent variable or the treatment—external validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be generalized from the sample to the population or to other settings and groups. Reliability refers to the replicability of the findings.
For this Discussion, you will consider threats to internal and external validity in quantitative research and the strategies used to mitigate these threats. You will also consider the ethical implications of designing quantitative research.
With these thoughts in mind:
By Day 4
Post
an explanation of a threat to internal validity and a threat to external validity in quantitative research. Next, explain a strategy to mitigate each of these threats. Then, identify a potential ethical issue in quantitative research and explain how it might influence design decisions. Finally, explain what it means for a research topic to be
amenable to scientific study
using a quantitative approach.
Be sure to support your Main Issue Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.
Read
a selection of your classmates’ postings.
.
Researchers consider validity and reliability with each new study th.docxmackulaytoni
Researchers consider validity and reliability with each new study they design. This is because validity and reliability are not fixed but rather reflect a particular study’s unique variables, research design, instruments, and participants.
In the context of research design, two types of validity, which speak to the quality of different features of the research process, are considered: internal validity and external validity. Assuming that the findings of a research study are internally valid—i.e., the researcher has used controls to determine that the outcome is indeed due to manipulation of the independent variable or the treatment—external validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be generalized from the sample to the population or to other settings and groups. Reliability refers to the replicability of the findings.
For this Discussion, you will consider threats to internal and external validity in quantitative research and the strategies used to mitigate these threats. You will also consider the ethical implications of designing quantitative research.
With these thoughts in mind:
Post by Day 4
an explanation of a threat to internal validity and a threat to external validity in quantitative research. Next, explain a strategy to mitigate each of these threats. Then, identify a potential ethical issue in quantitative research and explain how it might influence design decisions. Finally, explain what it means for a research topic to be
amenable to scientific study
using a quantitative approach.
.
IDS 400 Milestone Four Guidelines and Rubric Analyzing an .docxalanrgibson41217
IDS 400 Milestone Four Guidelines and Rubric
Analyzing an Issue or Event in Diversity Through the Lenses of the Natural and Applied Sciences and the Social Sciences
Overview: For the first part of your final project, the critical analysis portfolio, you will select an issue or event in diversity and critically analyze it through the
four general education lenses: history, humanities, natural and applied sciences, and social sciences. By viewing the issue or event through these lenses, you will
gain insight into how the intersectional nature of diversity affects society as well as both your own individual framework of perception and the choices, attitudes,
and behaviors of others in the world around you.
For this fourth milestone, due in Module Six, you will analyze your issue/event in diversity through the lenses of the natural and applied sciences and the social
sciences. Like Milestone Two, this task provides you with an opportunity to dive deeper into your analysis of the issue/event through these two lenses. This will
provide you with a chance to practice analyzing your issue/event through these lenses and receive feedback on this practice attempt.
Prompt: First, review your work in Modules Five and Six, as well as the Four Lenses document from Module One.
Next, analyze your issue/event through the lens of the natural and applied sciences by exploring the following questions:
How does this issue/event provide a social commentary through the natural and applied sciences?
In what ways can science help resolve or enhance your issue/event?
Next, analyze your issue/event through the lens of the social sciences, and address the following:
How does this issue/event interact with the social sciences lens and impact social issues?
In what ways does the social science lens help articulate a deeper understanding of the social issue(s) that inform your issue/event?
Note: You are completing two separate analyses: one from the natural and applied sciences and one from the social sciences. You must submit two papers in a
single Word document.
Be sure to use evidence from research to support your analysis. Refer to course resources, the LibGuide for this course, and any other pertinent resources to
support your responses. Relevant current news sources may be used with instructor approval. Incorporate instructor feedback into Final Project Part One.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Lens Analysis: In this section of your assignment, you will analyze your issue/event through two of the four general education lenses.
A. Analyze your issue/event through the lens of the natural and applied sciences for determining its impact on various institutions. Utilize evidence
from research to support your analysis.
https://learn.snhu.edu/content/enforced/196286-MASTER-IDS-400-CEIDS-OL-TRAD.19EW5/Course%20Documents/IDS%20400%20Four%20General%20Education%20Lenses.pdf?_&d2lSe.
Is this a Cohort Study What would be an example of a Cohort study.pdfsiennatimbok52331
Is this a Cohort Study? What would be an example of a Cohort study?
1)
Solution
Cohort studies, case control studies and randomized controlled trials
When people read about a research study, they may not pay attention to how the study was
designed. But to understand the quality of the findings, it\'s important to know a bit about study
design.
According to the widely-accepted hierarchy of evidence, the most reliable evidence comes from
systematic reviews (see Infocus, Summer 2004), followed by evidence from randomized
controlled clinical trials, cohort studies and then case control studies.
Research studies typically fall into one of two main categories:
Observational studies
Here researchers observe the effect of a risk factor, diagnostic test or treatment without trying to
influence what happens. Such studies are usually \"retrospective\".
05995 Topic Discussion 3Number of Pages 2 (Double Spaced).docxoswald1horne84988
05995 Topic: Discussion 3
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Master
Category: Psychology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Discussion: Answer each question accordingly. Discuss, elaborate and give example on each question. Please use on the module chapter 7 and 8 as reference or sources. The Author of the Modules is (Cohen, R. J., Swerdlik, M. E, & Sturman, E. D. (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill).
Questions:
1.Of the major factors that affect a test's utility (psychometric soundness, cost, benefit), which is most important and why? 175 words
2.What are the differences between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests? What are some of the pros and cons of each, and when would each test be more appropriate?175 words
3.Review this week’s course materials and learning activities and reflect on your learning so far this week. Respond to one or more of the following prompts in one to two paragraphs: 175 words
1.
Provide citation and reference to the material(s) you discuss. Describe what you found interesting regarding this topic, and why.
2.
Describe how you will apply that learning in your daily life, including your work life.
3.
Describe what may be unclear to you, and what you would like to learn.
05993 Topic: Discussion 1
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Master
Category: Psychology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Discussion: Answer each question accordingly. Discuss, elaborate and give example on each question. Please use on the module chapter 7 and 8 as reference or sources. The Author of the Modules is (Cohen, R. J., Swerdlik, M. E, & Sturman, E. D. (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill).
Questions:
1.Of the major factors that affect a test's utility (psychometric soundness, cost, benefit), which is most important and why? 175 words
2.What are the differences between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests? What are some of the pros and cons of each, and when would each test be more appropriate?175 words
3.Review this week’s course materials and learning activities and reflect on your learning so far this week. Respond to one or more of the following prompts in one to two paragraphs: 175 words
1.
Provide citation and reference to the material(s) you discuss. Describe what you found interesting regarding this topic, and why.
2.
Describe how you will apply that learning in your daily life, including your work life.
3.
Describe what may be unclear to you, and what you would like to learn.
Module Chapter 8 p655 wk3
C H A P T E R 8
Test Development
All tests are not created equal. The creation of a goo.
Discussion: Designing Quantitative Research
Researchers consider validity and reliability with each new study they design. This is because validity and reliability are not fixed but rather reflect a particular study’s unique variables, research design, instruments, and participants.
In the context of research design, two types of validity, which speak to the quality of different features of the research process, are considered: internal validity and external validity. Assuming that the findings of a research study are internally valid—i.e., the researcher has used controls to determine that the outcome is indeed due to manipulation of the independent variable or the treatment—external validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be generalized from the sample to the population or to other settings and groups. Reliability refers to the replicability of the findings.
For this Discussion, you will consider threats to internal and external validity in quantitative research and the strategies used to mitigate these threats. You will also consider the ethical implications of designing quantitative research.
With these thoughts in mind:
By Day 4
Post
an explanation of a threat to internal validity and a threat to external validity in quantitative research. Next, explain a strategy to mitigate each of these threats. Then, identify a potential ethical issue in quantitative research and explain how it might influence design decisions. Finally, explain what it means for a research topic to be
amenable to scientific study
using a quantitative approach.
Be sure to support your Main Issue Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.
Read
a selection of your classmates’ postings.
.
(1) Critique Template for a Qualitative StudyNURS 6052Week.docxkatherncarlyle
(1): Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
2. Researcher Pre-understandings
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem?
3. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another discipline? (Sometimes there is no explicitly identified theoretical or conceptual framework; in addition, many “nursing” research studies draw on a “borrowed” framework, e.g., stress, medical pathology, etc.)
5. Participants
Who were the participants? Is the setting or study group adequately described? Is the setting appropriate for the research question? What type of sampling strategy was used? Was it appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Did t ...
Chapter 1 A Primer of the Scientific Method and Relevant Components.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 1 A Primer of the Scientific Method and Relevant Components
The primary objective of this book is to help researchers understand and select appropriate designs for their investigations within the field, lab, or virtual environment. Lacking a proper conceptualization of a research design makes it difficult to apply an appropriate design based on the research question(s) or stated hypotheses. Implementing a flawed or inappropriate design will unequivocally lead to spurious, meaningless, or invalid results. Again, the concept of validity cannot be emphasized enough when conducting research. Validity maintains many facets (e.g., statistical validity or validity pertaining to psychometric properties of instrumentation), operates on a continuum, and deserves equal attention at each level of the research process. Aspects of validity are discussed later in this chapter. Nonetheless, the research question, hypothesis, objective, or aim is the primary step for the selection of a research design.
The purpose of a research design is to provide a conceptual framework that will allow the researcher to answer specific research questions while using sound principles of scientific inquiry. The concept behind research designs is intuitively straightforward, but applying these designs in real-life situations can be complex. More specifically, researchers face the challenge of (a) manipulating (or exploring) the social systems of interest, (b) using measurement tools (or data collection techniques) that maintain adequate levels of validity and reliability, and (c) controlling the interrelationship between multiple variables or indicating emerging themes that can lead to error in the form of confounding effects in the results. Therefore, utilizing and following the tenets of a sound research design is one of the most fundamental aspects of the scientific method. Put simply, the research design is the structure of investigation, conceived so as to obtain the “answer” to research questions or hypotheses.The Scientific Method
All researchers who attempt to formulate conclusions from a particular path of inquiry use aspects of the scientific method. The presentation of the scientific method and how it is interpreted can vary from field to field and method (qualitative) to method (quantitative), but the general premise is not altered. Although there are many ways or avenues to “knowing,” such as sources from authorities or basic common sense, the sound application of the scientific method allows researchers to reveal valid findings based on a series of systematic steps. Within the social sciences, the general steps include the following: (a) state the problem, (b) formulate the hypothesis, (c) design the experiment, (d) make observations, (e) interpret data, (f) draw conclusions, and (g) accept or reject the hypothesis. All research in quantitative methods, from experimental to nonexperimental, should employ the steps of the scientific method in an attempt to ...
Week Two Homework ExercisePSYCH610 Version 12Universi.docxalanfhall8953
Week Two Homework Exercise
PSYCH/610 Version 1
2
University of Phoenix Material
Week Two Homework Exercise
Answer the following questions covering material from Ch. 1–5 of Methods in Behavioral Research:
1. A researcher is interested in studying the effects of different levels of distraction—none, low, and high—on scores on a test of visual memory. Participants are randomly assigned to one of three conditions: no distraction, low distraction, or high distraction. All participants engage in a test of visual memory. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? What is the purpose of random assignment to groups? What is the purpose of random assignment to groups?
2. Define theory and explain its function. How does theory relate to the practice of psychology?
3. Define hypothesis and provide an example.
4. Describe the content that should appear in a well-written informed consent form for a research study. Why is it important to obtain informed consent? What are the three principles outlined by the Belmont Report? What additional concerns do you have (if any) when obtaining consent from a minor?
5. What is the function of an institutional review board?
6. What is an operational definition of a variable? How might the variable sense of humor be defined operationally? (2 points)
7. Complete Table 4.1 on p. 72 of the text. For each of the eight examples listed, determine whether a positive, negative, or curvilinear relationship exists.
Positive
Negative
Curvilinear
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7
Example 8
8. Define reliability as it relates to measurement of behavior.
9. Define and describe scales of measurement.
10. What is the difference between construct validity, internal validity, and external validity?
11. What is the difference between correlation and causation? How are third variables controlled for?
ACT500: Research Evaluation Tables
Article 1: Measuring Performance
Insert reference in APA formatting, 6th ed. 4th printing
Research Topic
The topic is a broad subject. The topic is not the problem to be solved; that comes later. Example: Balanced Scorecard
Problem or Opportunity
The problem is established with factual data and is found in the introductory portion of the research article or report.
Purpose for the Research
The purpose of the study defines what the researcher wants to find out and is found in the introductory section of the research article. Sometimes the purpose contains a research question/s.
Research Methods
A researcher makes a decision about the broad nature of a research approach: typically quantitative/confirmatory or qualitative/exploratory. Research design strategies are driven by the chosen research approach and the research purpose. Research design strategies include: types of data collected, how the data is collected, and what preparation of data is used, analytical techniques, and presentation o.
The research approach indicates the basic procedure for conducting research.
Research approach is the technique which the researcher uses to structure a study in order to gather and analyze information relevant to the research question .
Critical Appraisal Process for Quantitative ResearchAs you cri.docxwillcoxjanay
Critical Appraisal Process for Quantitative Research
As you critically appraise studies, follow the steps of the critical appraisal process presented in Box 18-1. These steps occur in sequence, vary in depth, and presume accomplishment of the preceding steps. However, an individual with critical appraisal experience frequently performs multiple steps of this process simultaneously. This section includes the three steps of the research critical appraisal process applied to quantitative studies and provides relevant questions for each step. These questions are not comprehensive but have been selected as a means for stimulating the logical reasoning and analysis necessary for conducting a study review. Persons experienced in the critical appraisal process formulate additional questions as part of their reasoning processes. We cover the identification of the steps or elements of the research process separately because persons who are new to critical appraisal often only conduct this step. The questions for determining the study strengths and weaknesses are covered together because this process occurs simultaneously in the mind of the person conducting the critical appraisal. Evaluation is covered separately because of the increased expertise needed to perform this final step.
Step I: Identifying the Steps of the Quantitative Research Process in Studies
Initial attempts to comprehend research articles are often frustrating because the terminology and stylized manner of the report are unfamiliar. Identification of the steps of the research process in a quantitative study is the first step in critical appraisal. It involves understanding the terms and concepts in the report; identifying study elements; and grasping the nature, significance, and meaning of the study elements. The following guidelines are presented to direct
you in the initial critical appraisal of a quantitative study.
Guidelines for Identifying the Steps of the Quantitative Research Process
The first step involves reviewing the study title and abstract and reading the study from beginning to end (review the key principles in Box 18-2). As you read, address the following questions about the research report: Was the writing style of the report clear and concise? Were the different parts of the research report plainly identified (APA, 2010)? Were relevant terms defined?
You might underline the terms you do not understand and determine their meaning from the glossary at the end of this textbook. Read the article a second time and highlight or underline each step of the quantitative research process. An overview of these steps is presented in Chapter 3. To write a critical appraisal identifying the study steps, you need to identify each step concisely and respond briefly to the following guidelines and questions:
I. Introduction
A. Describe the qualifications of the authors to conduct the study, such as research expertise, clinical experience, and educational preparation. Doctoral .
Topic for capstone .Implementing Opiod Risk assessment tool .docxnanamonkton
Topic for capstone
.Implementing Opiod Risk assessment tool from a multidisciplinary pain management approach
The purpose of the doctoral capstone project was to: (a) provide education to nursing staff on implementing a structured risk assessment tool in order to identify risk for imminent aggression, manage risk for imminent aggressive behaviors
Write a 6-8 page double-spaced paper with an additional template in which you analyze potential ethical considerations that may arise from your doctoral project. Determine strategies to address these ethical considerations.
Introduction
Ethical researchers act in honest ways. Ethics are conduct norms or standards that distinguish between right and wrong and acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. Ethical considerations matter because they guard against the fabrication or falsification of data. They promote the pursuit of knowledge and truth, research’s primary goal. Ethical behavior is also crucial for collaborative work because it encourages an environment of trust, accountability, and mutual respect among team members. Likewise, researchers must adhere to ethical standards for the public to support and believe in the research. Although most quality improvement and evidence based practice projects pose minimal risk to human subjects, an IRB screening process for your capstone project is required to ensure the project is meeting the appropriate ethical standards.
The Nuremberg Code (1947) protects human rights and is the leading code for conducting ethical research. It focuses on:
Voluntary informed consent.
Freedom to withdraw from research.
Protection from physical and mental harm.
Protection from suffering and death.
It also emphasizes the risk-benefit balance of conducting research. The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) underscored the importance of protecting subjects in research and strongly proclaimed that individuals’ well-being takes precedence over scientific and social interests.
Good research is well planned, appropriately designed, and ethically approved. Developing and following a research protocol helps to ensure this. Research needs to seek to answer specific questions rather than just collect data. Researchers must obtain approval from the Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee. Researchers also need to pay special attention to vulnerable subjects to avoid breech of ethical codes. Although most quality improvement and evidence based practice projects pose minimal risk to human subjects, an IRB screening process for your capstone project is required to ensure the project is meeting the appropriate ethical standards.
The major ethical issues in conducting research usually involve:
Informed consent.
Beneficence—do no harm.
Respect for anonymity and confidentiality.
Respect for privacy.
You are responsible to ensure your project is conducted ethically and responsibly from planning to publication. Be familiar with ethical principles and follow them strictly. Di.
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
(1) Critique Template for a Qualitative StudyNURS 6052Week.docxkatherncarlyle
(1): Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
2. Researcher Pre-understandings
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem?
3. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another discipline? (Sometimes there is no explicitly identified theoretical or conceptual framework; in addition, many “nursing” research studies draw on a “borrowed” framework, e.g., stress, medical pathology, etc.)
5. Participants
Who were the participants? Is the setting or study group adequately described? Is the setting appropriate for the research question? What type of sampling strategy was used? Was it appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Did t ...
Chapter 1 A Primer of the Scientific Method and Relevant Components.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 1 A Primer of the Scientific Method and Relevant Components
The primary objective of this book is to help researchers understand and select appropriate designs for their investigations within the field, lab, or virtual environment. Lacking a proper conceptualization of a research design makes it difficult to apply an appropriate design based on the research question(s) or stated hypotheses. Implementing a flawed or inappropriate design will unequivocally lead to spurious, meaningless, or invalid results. Again, the concept of validity cannot be emphasized enough when conducting research. Validity maintains many facets (e.g., statistical validity or validity pertaining to psychometric properties of instrumentation), operates on a continuum, and deserves equal attention at each level of the research process. Aspects of validity are discussed later in this chapter. Nonetheless, the research question, hypothesis, objective, or aim is the primary step for the selection of a research design.
The purpose of a research design is to provide a conceptual framework that will allow the researcher to answer specific research questions while using sound principles of scientific inquiry. The concept behind research designs is intuitively straightforward, but applying these designs in real-life situations can be complex. More specifically, researchers face the challenge of (a) manipulating (or exploring) the social systems of interest, (b) using measurement tools (or data collection techniques) that maintain adequate levels of validity and reliability, and (c) controlling the interrelationship between multiple variables or indicating emerging themes that can lead to error in the form of confounding effects in the results. Therefore, utilizing and following the tenets of a sound research design is one of the most fundamental aspects of the scientific method. Put simply, the research design is the structure of investigation, conceived so as to obtain the “answer” to research questions or hypotheses.The Scientific Method
All researchers who attempt to formulate conclusions from a particular path of inquiry use aspects of the scientific method. The presentation of the scientific method and how it is interpreted can vary from field to field and method (qualitative) to method (quantitative), but the general premise is not altered. Although there are many ways or avenues to “knowing,” such as sources from authorities or basic common sense, the sound application of the scientific method allows researchers to reveal valid findings based on a series of systematic steps. Within the social sciences, the general steps include the following: (a) state the problem, (b) formulate the hypothesis, (c) design the experiment, (d) make observations, (e) interpret data, (f) draw conclusions, and (g) accept or reject the hypothesis. All research in quantitative methods, from experimental to nonexperimental, should employ the steps of the scientific method in an attempt to ...
Week Two Homework ExercisePSYCH610 Version 12Universi.docxalanfhall8953
Week Two Homework Exercise
PSYCH/610 Version 1
2
University of Phoenix Material
Week Two Homework Exercise
Answer the following questions covering material from Ch. 1–5 of Methods in Behavioral Research:
1. A researcher is interested in studying the effects of different levels of distraction—none, low, and high—on scores on a test of visual memory. Participants are randomly assigned to one of three conditions: no distraction, low distraction, or high distraction. All participants engage in a test of visual memory. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? What is the purpose of random assignment to groups? What is the purpose of random assignment to groups?
2. Define theory and explain its function. How does theory relate to the practice of psychology?
3. Define hypothesis and provide an example.
4. Describe the content that should appear in a well-written informed consent form for a research study. Why is it important to obtain informed consent? What are the three principles outlined by the Belmont Report? What additional concerns do you have (if any) when obtaining consent from a minor?
5. What is the function of an institutional review board?
6. What is an operational definition of a variable? How might the variable sense of humor be defined operationally? (2 points)
7. Complete Table 4.1 on p. 72 of the text. For each of the eight examples listed, determine whether a positive, negative, or curvilinear relationship exists.
Positive
Negative
Curvilinear
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7
Example 8
8. Define reliability as it relates to measurement of behavior.
9. Define and describe scales of measurement.
10. What is the difference between construct validity, internal validity, and external validity?
11. What is the difference between correlation and causation? How are third variables controlled for?
ACT500: Research Evaluation Tables
Article 1: Measuring Performance
Insert reference in APA formatting, 6th ed. 4th printing
Research Topic
The topic is a broad subject. The topic is not the problem to be solved; that comes later. Example: Balanced Scorecard
Problem or Opportunity
The problem is established with factual data and is found in the introductory portion of the research article or report.
Purpose for the Research
The purpose of the study defines what the researcher wants to find out and is found in the introductory section of the research article. Sometimes the purpose contains a research question/s.
Research Methods
A researcher makes a decision about the broad nature of a research approach: typically quantitative/confirmatory or qualitative/exploratory. Research design strategies are driven by the chosen research approach and the research purpose. Research design strategies include: types of data collected, how the data is collected, and what preparation of data is used, analytical techniques, and presentation o.
The research approach indicates the basic procedure for conducting research.
Research approach is the technique which the researcher uses to structure a study in order to gather and analyze information relevant to the research question .
Critical Appraisal Process for Quantitative ResearchAs you cri.docxwillcoxjanay
Critical Appraisal Process for Quantitative Research
As you critically appraise studies, follow the steps of the critical appraisal process presented in Box 18-1. These steps occur in sequence, vary in depth, and presume accomplishment of the preceding steps. However, an individual with critical appraisal experience frequently performs multiple steps of this process simultaneously. This section includes the three steps of the research critical appraisal process applied to quantitative studies and provides relevant questions for each step. These questions are not comprehensive but have been selected as a means for stimulating the logical reasoning and analysis necessary for conducting a study review. Persons experienced in the critical appraisal process formulate additional questions as part of their reasoning processes. We cover the identification of the steps or elements of the research process separately because persons who are new to critical appraisal often only conduct this step. The questions for determining the study strengths and weaknesses are covered together because this process occurs simultaneously in the mind of the person conducting the critical appraisal. Evaluation is covered separately because of the increased expertise needed to perform this final step.
Step I: Identifying the Steps of the Quantitative Research Process in Studies
Initial attempts to comprehend research articles are often frustrating because the terminology and stylized manner of the report are unfamiliar. Identification of the steps of the research process in a quantitative study is the first step in critical appraisal. It involves understanding the terms and concepts in the report; identifying study elements; and grasping the nature, significance, and meaning of the study elements. The following guidelines are presented to direct
you in the initial critical appraisal of a quantitative study.
Guidelines for Identifying the Steps of the Quantitative Research Process
The first step involves reviewing the study title and abstract and reading the study from beginning to end (review the key principles in Box 18-2). As you read, address the following questions about the research report: Was the writing style of the report clear and concise? Were the different parts of the research report plainly identified (APA, 2010)? Were relevant terms defined?
You might underline the terms you do not understand and determine their meaning from the glossary at the end of this textbook. Read the article a second time and highlight or underline each step of the quantitative research process. An overview of these steps is presented in Chapter 3. To write a critical appraisal identifying the study steps, you need to identify each step concisely and respond briefly to the following guidelines and questions:
I. Introduction
A. Describe the qualifications of the authors to conduct the study, such as research expertise, clinical experience, and educational preparation. Doctoral .
Topic for capstone .Implementing Opiod Risk assessment tool .docxnanamonkton
Topic for capstone
.Implementing Opiod Risk assessment tool from a multidisciplinary pain management approach
The purpose of the doctoral capstone project was to: (a) provide education to nursing staff on implementing a structured risk assessment tool in order to identify risk for imminent aggression, manage risk for imminent aggressive behaviors
Write a 6-8 page double-spaced paper with an additional template in which you analyze potential ethical considerations that may arise from your doctoral project. Determine strategies to address these ethical considerations.
Introduction
Ethical researchers act in honest ways. Ethics are conduct norms or standards that distinguish between right and wrong and acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. Ethical considerations matter because they guard against the fabrication or falsification of data. They promote the pursuit of knowledge and truth, research’s primary goal. Ethical behavior is also crucial for collaborative work because it encourages an environment of trust, accountability, and mutual respect among team members. Likewise, researchers must adhere to ethical standards for the public to support and believe in the research. Although most quality improvement and evidence based practice projects pose minimal risk to human subjects, an IRB screening process for your capstone project is required to ensure the project is meeting the appropriate ethical standards.
The Nuremberg Code (1947) protects human rights and is the leading code for conducting ethical research. It focuses on:
Voluntary informed consent.
Freedom to withdraw from research.
Protection from physical and mental harm.
Protection from suffering and death.
It also emphasizes the risk-benefit balance of conducting research. The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) underscored the importance of protecting subjects in research and strongly proclaimed that individuals’ well-being takes precedence over scientific and social interests.
Good research is well planned, appropriately designed, and ethically approved. Developing and following a research protocol helps to ensure this. Research needs to seek to answer specific questions rather than just collect data. Researchers must obtain approval from the Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee. Researchers also need to pay special attention to vulnerable subjects to avoid breech of ethical codes. Although most quality improvement and evidence based practice projects pose minimal risk to human subjects, an IRB screening process for your capstone project is required to ensure the project is meeting the appropriate ethical standards.
The major ethical issues in conducting research usually involve:
Informed consent.
Beneficence—do no harm.
Respect for anonymity and confidentiality.
Respect for privacy.
You are responsible to ensure your project is conducted ethically and responsibly from planning to publication. Be familiar with ethical principles and follow them strictly. Di.
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Yeah. The safest way you can sell your locked pi coins right now is through face to face trade. Or you find a legit merchant/vendor and make sure he is trusted before you trade with him/her.
A vendor is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to investors looking forward to hold large quantities of pi coins till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
#sellpicoins
#pi network
#pi
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I transfer pi coins to someone in a different country.DOT TECH
The answer is yes.
You can easily transfer pi network coins to any user in any country. All the receiver needs is the kyc verified and mainnet approved wallet to recieve the coins.
How to sell pi coins?
If you are looking forward to sell. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
2. Unit Objectives
After completing this week’s activities you will be able to:
Identify a framework to assess internal and external
validity of empirical studies conducted using regression
analysis.
Assess internal and external validity of published
articles.
2
3. 3
8.1. A Framework for Assessing
Statistical Studies: Internal and External
Validity
Internal validity: the statistical inferences about causal effects
are valid for the population being studied.
External validity: the statistical inferences can be generalized
from the population and setting studied to other populations
and settings, where the “setting” refers to the legal, policy,
and physical environment and related salient features.
4. 4
8.1.1. Threats to Internal Validity of
Multiple Regression Analysis
Major threats to the internal validity of regression studies:
1. Omitted variable bias
2. Wrong functional form
3. Simultaneous causality bias
4. Errors-in-variables bias
5. Sample selection bias
All of these imply that E(ui|X1i,…,Xki) 0 – in which case OLS is
biased and inconsistent.
5. 5
8.1.2. External Validity of Multiple
Regression Studies
How far can we generalize results from one study in a given
population to other populations as populations are different in
their legal and institutional settings?
Repeat the analysis to other samples/settings as a way of
external validity.
Compare your findings to other similar studies in the
literature