Textile Industry Fire Safety in Bangladesh

1
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING, SUST.

& FIRE SAFETY
2
TEXTILE INDUSTRIES IN BANGLADESH
AND
SUSTAINABLE FIRE SAFETY PROCESSES
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION
ENGINEERING, SUST.

3
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
OBJECTIVES
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PRESENT PROBLEMS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES OF BANGLADESH
FIRE ACCIDENTS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES OF BANGLADESH
PRESENT STANDARD PROCEDURE OF CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH
PRESENT STANDARD PROCEDURE OF FIRE SAFETY OF BANGLADESH
RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION

OBJECTIVES
TO LEARN ABOUT TEXTILE INDUSTRIES OF
BANGLADESH, THEIR PRESENT PROBLEMS
AND STANDARD PROCEDURE OF FIRE SAFETY.
4

LITERATURE REVIEWS
 Research done by Jian Yun Ma, on 2014
Title : Analysis On The Fire Risk Existing In The Storage Of Textile Materials
 Research done by J Outinen, on 2012
Title : Fire Protection Methods and a Case Study “Futurum”
 Research done by N Pearce, on 1985
Title : Fire Prevention
 Research done by G Ramachandran, on 1999
Title : Fire Safety Management & Risk Assesment
5

I
N
D
U
S
T
R
Y
T
E
X
T
I
L
E
The Textile Industry is the industry which involves the sections like
research, design, development, manufacturing and distribution of
textiles, fabrics and clothing.[1]
Spinning Wet Processing Fabric Manufacturing Garments Manufacturing
6

Under Mughal rule, Bengal Subah was a midpoint of the
worldwide muslin and silk trades during the 16th to 18th centuries.
Figure 1: Mughal Trade
During the Mughal era, the most important center of cotton production
was Bengal, particularly around its capital city of Dhaka, leading to
muslin being called "daka" in distant markets such as Central Asia.
Bengal also exported cotton and silk textiles to markets such as
Europe, Indonesia and Japan.
EARLY HISTORY
7

Bengal was conquered by the British East India Company after
the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Bengal Presidency was founded
in 1765.
Figure 2: East India Company.
British colonization forced open the Bengali market to British goods.
Raw cotton was also imported without taxes or tariffs to British
factories, which used them to manufacture textiles, many of which
were exported back to Bengal.
British economic policies led to deindustrialization in Bengal.
EARLY HISTORY
8

From 1947 to 1971 the textile industry, like most industries
in East Pakistan, were largely owned by West Pakistanis.
Figure 3: West Pakistan
During that period, in the 1960s, local Bengali
entrepreneurs had set up their own large textile
and jute factories.
Following its separation from West Pakistan the newly
formed Bangladesh lost access to both capital and technical
expertise.
POST-1971
9

Post - 1971
 Until the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971, the textile sector was primarily part of
the process of import substitution industrialization (ISI) to replace imports.
 After the liberation, Bangladesh adopted export-oriented industrialization (EOI)
by focusing on the textile and clothing industry.
 Until the early 1980s the state owned almost all spinning mills in Bangladesh
and 85 percent the textile industry's assets (not including small businesses)
 Average growth rate of garment export is 22%.
EARLY 1980'S 85
Percentage of spinning mills
YEAR
1999
YEAR
2017
2900
5500
Year
NumberofApparelIndustries
Year
Table 1: No. of Apparel Industries through years Table 2: Percentage of spinning mills owned by state
through years
10

TEXTILE INDUSTRY MAPPING IN BANGLADESH
The textile industries are mostly located near Dhaka (Tongi, Gazipur,
Narayanganj).
Figure 4: Textile Industries in Bangladesh Map
11

TOP 10 TEXTILE INDUSTRIES IN BANGLADESH
Name Date of Incorporation Capital in BDT Production Capacity Number of
Employees
Beximco Textile 1984 30,000 million Taka 28000 kg yarns per day 5,181
Square Textile 1997 23,600 million Taka 90,00 kg of yarns per
day
11,223
Sinha group
Noman Group 2011 40000 million taka 60000
Thermex Group 2010
DBL Group 1995 29200 million taka 25000 kg of yarns per
day
28000
Fakir Apparels 1998 10000 million taka 10000
Viyellatex Group 1996 21000 million taka 40000 kg of yarns per
day
15,000
Knit Concern
Group
1992 18000 million taka 25000 pieces per day 12000
Sunman Group 1975 25000 million taka 4.5 million per month 35000
Table 3: Top 10 Industries in Bangladesh
12DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING, SUST.

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
6%
6.10%
6.70%
6.20%
6%
5.80%
13
Year
PercentageofNationalincome
Table 5: Contribution to national income by textile industries in our country
BENEFITS GIVEN BY TEXTILE INDUSTIES OF OUR COUNTRY

BIGGEST TEXTILE EXPORTERS IN THE WORLD
BANGLADESH GERMANY ITALY INDIA CHINA
28
35 36 40
274
TABLE 6 : TOP TEXTILE EXPORTERS OF YEAR 2013
Country
BillionUSD
14

BANGLADEH’S TOP TEN EXPORTS
16.8 16.7
0.9777 0.9014 0.6609 0.6125 0.2789 0.2558 0.2085 0.0861
TABLE 7 :TOP 10 EXPORTS SITE OF BANGLADESH OF YEAR 2017
Categories
BillionUSD
15

CONTRIBUTION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN GDP AND
EXPORT OF BANGLADESH
 Textile sector’s contribution to country’s export has experienced
phenomenal growth over the years. It has evolved as the main export
earning sector of Bangladesh.
Apparel Export
1983-84 1989-90 1995-96 2001-02 2007-08 2012-13 2013-14
31.57 624.16
2547.13
4583.75
10699.8
21515.73
24491.88
TABLE 8: APPAREL INDUSTRY EXPORT IN MILLION ($) THROUGH YEARS
Years
ExportMillioninUSD
16

 Phenomenal growth of Textile sector resulted into its magnificent
contribution to the country’s GDP as well.
CONTRIBUTION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN GDP AND
EXPORT OF BANGLADESH
17
1994-95 1999-00 2004-05 2009-10 2013-14
5.87%
9.24%
10.63%
12.45%
14.07%
TABLE 9: APPAREL INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTION TO BANGLADESH’S GDP
Year
ShareinGDPinpercentage

WHAT IS GREEN FACTORY?
18
These green factories have less carbon emission, higher production,
and save more gas, electricity and water compared to other factories.
Bangladesh has a total of 32 green factories. More than 100 green
factories are under construction.
Envoy Textiles is the first denim-producing green factory in the world.
Remi Holdings tops as a green garment factory, and
Plummy Fashion ranks first as a green knitwear factory.
Envoy Textiles invested Tk 14 billion,
Remi Holdings Tk 1.2 billion and
Plummy Fashions Tk 2.4 billion.

A IDEAL TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH
19

Cellulose
extracted
from wood
Caustic
soda
Viscose
Alkalize
aging
Carbon
disulphide
Caustic soda
Dissolving
Filter
Ripening
Spinning solution
Chopping
immerse press
TEXTILE INDUSTRY CHEMICAL PROCESS
20

Wet Spinning
Washing/ desulphurization
Bleach/brighten
Dying
Filament yarn
Drawing Drawing
Washing / after treatment
Drying
PackingStaple fibers
Cutting
21

CHEMICALS USED IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Textile Chemicals - Categories and Subcategories
From pretreatment of textile to its finishing, there are various
categories and subcategories of textile chemicals:
Pretreatment Chemicals
scouring agents, low foam scouring agents, wetting agents,
low foam wetting agents, sequestering agents, mercerizing
agents, peroxide stabilizers, peroxide killers, neutralizers.
Textile Dyeing Chemicals
Solubilizes & dispersants, levelling agents, soaping agents,
dyeing agents.
22

Dyeing & Printing Chemicals
vat levelling agents, thickeners, binders, stain removers,
anti back staining agents.
Finishing Chemicals
cationic softeners flakes/ paste, nonionic softeners flakes/
paste, anionic softeners flakes/ paste, reactive softeners,
cold water soluble softener flakes.
Antistatic Agents
spin finishes, spinning aids.
CHEMICALS USED IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
23

24
PRESENT STANDARD PROCEDURE OF
CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT IN
BANGLADESH

25
WHY A CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ?
The recent prevalence of acute silicosis, a deadly lung disease, among workers in the
denim processing factories of Turkey and elsewhere provides an excellent example of
a scenario in which a proactive approach to chemical management may have avoided
the use of crystalline silica abrasives, and consequently avoided the illnesses and
suffering of workers in the industry.
 Virtually all chemical materials present one or more types of hazard to some
degree.
 A paraphrase of a simple dictionary definition of “hazardous” could be: “involving
or exposing someone to danger or the chance (or risk) of harm or loss”.
The Global Harmonization System (GHS) is the product of an effort by the United
Nations to create a uniform system for the classification and ranking of chemical
hazards and the methods by which hazard information will be communicated.

26
CHEMICAL SAFETY
 Material Safety Data Sheets:
o Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) exist to provide workers with the proper
procedures for handling or working with particular substances and should therefore
be supplied for each individual substance.
 Risk Assessment of Chemicals:
o An inventory and risk assessment of all chemicals and dyes that are present at the
factory must be undertaken by the management. The MSDS simplify this process by
providing much of the information required in this risk assessment.
 Chemical Storage and Disposal of Waste:
o Dyes, chemicals and other auxiliaries should be stored in a separate work area and
access to this area should be limited to trained personnel.
 First Aid:
o There should always be at least one member of staff on each shift that is trained in
“First Aid” and who is made responsible for all first aid requirements during their
shift.
 Hazardous Chemicals and their Symbols:

27
GHS HAZARD CHART FOR DIFFERENT CHEMICALS
RELEVANT HAZARDS
GHS HAZARD
PICTOGRAM/SYMBOLS

28
GHS HAZARD CHART FOR DIFFERENT CHEMICALS

29
ASSESSING AND MANAGING THE RISKS OF HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS TO HEALTH
 Collected information:
o Collect appropriate H&S data and literature such as MSDS.
 Assess the risks:
o Assess the risks to health from hazardous substances used in or created by your
workplace activities.
 Decide what precautions are needed:
o You must not carry out work that could expose your employees to hazardous
substances without first considering the risks and the necessary precautions.
 Prevent or adequately control exposure:
o You must prevent employees from being exposed to hazardous substances. Where
preventing exposure is not reasonably practicable, then you must adequately
control it.
 Ensure that control measures are used and maintained:
o Ensure that control measures are used and maintained properly and that safety
procedures are followed.

30
ASSESSING AND MANAGING THE RISKS OF HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS TO HEALTH
 Monitor the exposure:
 Monitor the exposure of employees to hazardous substances, if necessary.
 Carry out appropriate health surveillance:
 Carry out appropriate health surveillance where your assessment has shown this is
necessary.
 Prepare plans and procedures to deal with accidents, incidents and
emergencies:
 Prepare plans and procedures to deal with accidents, incidents and emergencies
involving hazardous substances, where necessary.
 Ensure employees are properly informed, trained and supervised:
 Provide employees with suitable and sufficient information, instruction and training,
on a regular basis.

31
SAFETY PROTOCOL
LABORATORY SAFETY PROTOCOL
 Record Keeping:
 All chemicals, dyes and other auxiliaries that enter the laboratory should be logged
on arrival, clearly labelled as to what they are and given expiry dates.
 Protective Gear:
 To minimize exposure to hazardous chemicals appropriate personal protective gear
should be used.
 Training:
 Employees that work in the laboratory must be made aware of the risks of the
chemicals and equipment they are using. They should be properly trained in the
use of machinery, laboratory equipment, and the use of dyes and chemicals, as well
as the importance of keeping logs of chemicals used.

32
SAFETY PROTOCOL
SAFETY PROTOCOL ON THE FACTORY FLOOR
 Protective Gear:
 One of the main causes of occupational ill health in textile dyeing factories is
respiratory sensitization from exposure to reactive dyes. So protective gears, masks
etc should be maintained to ensure the safety of workers.
 Environment:
 The working environment needs to be kept as dry as possible to prevent accidents.
 Training:
 Proper training on the use and maintenance of machinery and other equipment;
Health and Safety; and Fire Hazards and Emergency, needs to be provided.
 Lifting and Carrying Heavy Objects:
 According to the HSE in the UK, it has been shown that musculoskeletal injuries are
the most common type of injuries in the textile industry. Care should be taken
when moving heavy objects, as is often required on the factory floor.

PRESENT PROBLEMS OF TEXTILE
INDUSTRIES IN BANGLADESH
33

34
Poor raw materials
Unskilled workers
Improper working environment
Insufficiency in facilities
Political crisis
1
2
3
4
5
Price competitiveness6
Lead time7
Figure 6 : Textile industry

Poor raw materials1
Bangladesh imports raw materials for
garments like:-
 Cotton (Figure 7)
 Thread color (Figure 8)
But foreign suppliers often supply low quality materials which result in
low quality products.
Figure 7: Cotton
Figure 8: Thread Color
35

Unskilled workers2
Most of the illiterate women workers employed in garments are unskilled and
so their products often become lower in quality.
Uneducated workers Unskilled Lower in quality products
36

Improper working environment3
Taking the advantage of worker’s proverty,
Owner’s forced them to work in:-
 Unsafe (Figure 9 & 10)
 Unhealthy working place
 Overcrowded (Figure 11)
 Improper ventilation
Figure 9: Tung hai Sweater LTD.
Figure 10:Rana Plaza incident
Figure 11: Overcrowded in textile cutting section [9]
37

Insufficiency of facilities4
Insufficiency in :-
 Time
 Uncertainly of electricity
 Lack of communication
 Problem in taxes
All of this insufficiency often obstruct the industry. [9]
38

Political crisis5
Garments industry often pay dearly for :-
 Political unrest (Figure 12)
 Hartal
 Terrorism
Figure 12: Worker protest of textile industry
[9]
39

Price competitiveness6
China and some other competitors of Bangladesh implemented sharp price-
cutting policies in exporting garment products over the last few years.
Bangladesh has failed to respond effectively at such policies.
[9]
40

Lead time7
Lead time refers to the time required for supplying the ordered garment
products after the export order has been received.
Bangladesh should improve its average lead time to compete in the
international market.
Table 10: Load Time change with country
[9]
41

FIRE ACCIDENTS IN TEXTILE
INDUSTRIES OF BANGLADESH
42DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION
ENGINEERING, SUST.

FIRE ACCIDENT
The most Damaging and harmful accident of any industry is the fire
accident. It is an undesirable accident that is the least wanted in any
Industry but it is the most common accident if proper prevention and
and safety measures are not applied.
43

GENERAL CAUSES OF FIRE ACCIDENT IN INDUSTRY
Figure 13 :Combustion Dust Figure 14: Hot Work Figure 15: Flammable Liquid & Gases
Figure 17: Equipment & MachineryFigure 16: Electrical Hazards
44
[2]

45

 Since 1990, over 350 workers have died and some 1500 injuries in fire related incidents in garments industries
in Bangladesh. Till 2000, there were more than hundred fires in industries in Bangladesh. More than 5000
workers were killed.
Table 11: Fire Accidents Data with cause of fire.
46
DATE PLACE DEAD INJURED CAUSE OF FIRE CAUSE OF DEATH
15-07-97 Rahman &Rahman
Apparels Ltd. Mirpur
,Dhaka.
22 200 Electric short circuit Victim of fire and short
circuit
30-07-97 Shanghai Fashion
Ltd,Mirpur-1,Dhaka.
27 100 Electric short circuit Exit was locked.
06-09-97 Novaly Garment
Ltd,Rasulbagh,Dhaka.
5 50 Electric short circuit Victim of fire.
22-06-99 Palmal Garment Ltd.
Uttara,Dhaka.
10 ------ Boiler Burst Victim of bursting
27-08-2000 Globe Knitting Ltd.
Banani,Dhaka.
12 50 Fire from wear house. Exit was locked.
08-08-01 Mico Sweater Ltd.
Mirpur,Dhaka.
28 100 Unknown Single exit locked.

47
Table 11: Fire Accidents Data with cause of fire.
DATE PLACE DEAD INJURED CAUSE OF FIRE CAUSE OF DEATH
01-09-01 Kafrul 26 76 Unknown Smoke and stampede.
03-05-04 MiscoSuper Market,
Dhaka.
9 50 False fire alam. Stampede.
---03-06 Salem Fashion Wear Ltd. 3 50 Unknown Only exit was blocked by
boxes,smoke and stampede.
06-03-06 Industry at Gazipur 3 --- Fire panic Stampede.
23-02-06 KTS Textiles ,
Chittagong.
91 400 Short Circuit Only exit was blocked by
boxes,smoke and stampede.
02-03-10 Garib & Garib Sweater
Factory at Gazipur.
21 50 Short Circuit Exit was locked so workers
became trapped on the
floors above
24-11-12 Tazreen Fashion 69 200 Short Circuit Narrow exits and jumping
from high storey window

Figure-18 : Garib & Garib Sweater factory -
March 2010
Figure- 19 : The fire, seemingly caused by an
electrical short circuit, started on the first
floor of the seven story building
[1] [1]
48

49
Figure 20 : Tazreen Fashions
Figure 21 : Tung Hai Sweater Ltd.

Figure-22: Cause of Casualties of fire accident
50

TEXTProblems
Use very thin diameter wire compared to
require diameter.
There was crossed over boiler safety
pressure for over heating.
There was no re-check the fire alarm
after few months.
ENGINEERING, SUST.

Building should be constructed with fire resisting materials
Electrical wiring must be properly designed,
installed and maintained
Doors should be protected and should open along the
direction of escape and sufficient space should be provided
Proper exit sign and safety sign should be
applied in appropriate areas of the industry.
2
3
4
5
Fire alarm systems must be installed.
52

53
PRESENT STANDARD PROCEDURE OF
FIRE SAFETY FOR TEXTILE
INDUSTRIES IN BANGLADESH

 The Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh (the Accord)
was signed on 15 May 2013.
 The agreement was created in the immediate aftermath of the Rana
Rana Plaza building collapse that led to the death of more than 1100
1100 people and injured more than 2000.
 It is a five-year independent, legally binding agreement between
global brands and retailers and trade unions designed to build a safe
safe and healthy Bangladeshi Ready Made Garment (RMG) Industry.
Industry.
 In June 2013, an implementation plan was agreed leading to the
incorporation of the Bangladesh Accord Foundation in the Netherlands
Netherlands in October 2013.
54

THE AGREEMENT MADE BY ACCORD CONSISTS OF SIX
KEY COMPONENTS:
I. A five year legally binding agreement between brands and trade
unions to ensure a safe working environment in the Bangladeshi
RMG industry.
II. An independent inspection program supported by brands in which
which workers and trade unions are involved.
III. Public disclosure of all factories, inspection reports and corrective
corrective action plans (CAP).
IV. A commitment by signatory brands to ensure sufficient funds are
available for remediation and to maintain sourcing relationships.
V. Democratically elected health and safety committees in all factories
factories to identify and act on health and safety risks.
VI. Worker empowerment through an extensive training program,
complaints mechanism and right to refuse unsafe work.
55

PRESENT STANDARD PROCEDURE FOR FIRE SAFETY IN
BANGLADESH
The keys to fire life Safety are-
i. Fire Prevention
ii. Early warning of the fire
iii. Containment of the fire
iv. Safe exits
56

FIRE SEPARATIONS-FIRE COMPARTMENT
 Fire separations are provided within buildings to limit the spread of fire.
 Certain rooms, areas, and occupancies in buildings are generally fire separated
separated into fire compartments.
 These fire compartments limit fire spread
for a specified period of time intended
to allow persons to escape and to
limit fire growth until the fire
department extinguishes the fire.
Table 12: Fire Resistance Rating of
common construction elements
57

Some rooms or spaces require special consideration.
These spaces are required to be enclosed by fire separations
having a specified fire-resistance rating. The enclosure
confines the fire to the area of fire origin
1 1 1
2 22
0 0 0
4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
EXIT Stairs Storage Rooms Boiler rooms generator rooms Oil filled Transformer
Rooms
Less than 4 stories 4 Stories or greater
58
Table 13: Special Areas for Enclosers
Height of the building
RatingofEncloser
FIRE SEPARATIONS-FIRE COMPARTMENT

Figure 26: No proper separation
between working floor and fabric store
has been provided. Figure 27: Boiler has been installed near
production floor without proper
separation .
59

OPENINGS IN FIRE SEPARATIONS
Openings in fire separations are required to be protected with
closures-
 To limit the spread of smoke and fire through the opening from one fire
compartment to another.
A closure means a device or assembly for closing an opening through a fire
separation. Example of closures are a door, a shutter, wired glass or glass block.
1 1
0.75
0 0 00 0 0
2 HOUR FIRE SEPARATION 1 HOUR FIRE RATED EXIT CLOSURE 1 HOUR FIRE SEPARATION
60
Table 14: REQUIRED RATINGS OF CLOSURES IN FIRE SEPARATIONS
Rating of fire separation
Ratingofclosures

Figure 28: Unsealed Penetration
through slab
through the rated wall of boiler room
Figure 32: Shows unprotected
opening of generator room to the
adjacent building or egress path
Figure 33: Shows non-rated glass
partitioned opening to the exit
enclosure and nonrated wooden door
has been used
Figure 31: Unsealed penetration
through
61

MEANS OF EGRESS
A means of egress is a continuous and unobstructed way of exit
travel from any point in a building to a public way.
Exit
Access
Exit
Exit
Discharge
62

MEANS OF EGRESS
BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF EGRESS:
For rooms with more than 49 occupants, doors must swing in the
direction of egress (i.e. the doors must swing out of the room).
For areas with more than 49 occupants, doors should be equipped with
panic hardware (crash bars).
In buildings without automatic sprinkler protection, exits must be
separated by at least 1⁄2 the diagonal dimension of the room.
500
1000
2 STOREY 3 STOREY
63
Height of building
Possibleload
Table 15: Height vs load of a building

Each occupant must be provided with at least 4mm of egress
width for exit doors.
For example, if the exit door is 32 inches wide, a maximum of 200 occupants could
egress through that door. Stairs require 8mm per person. The rules for minimum
number of exits still apply.
Figure 34: Accord Standard Part 6 section 6.5,
6.6 and 6.8
64
MEANS OF EGRESS
Table 16: Minimum Width of Egress paths

A BETTER WAY OF EGRESS
65

EXIT PASSAGEWAYS
General: An exit passageway is an exit component that is separated
from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fi re resistance-
resistance-rated construction and opening protection, and provides for
for a protected path of egress in a horizontal direction to the exit
discharge or the public way.
Use: Exit passageways shall be considered an extension of the stairs
and shall not be used for any other purpose.
Construction Rating: Exit passageways shall have walls, ceilings, and
floors that meet the same rating requirement as the exit that is being
being served and shall not be less than 1-hr fire- resistance rated
construction.
Termination: Exit passageways shall terminate at an exit discharge
66

OCCUPANT LOAD
The occupant load, in number of persons for whom means of egress
egress are required, shall be determined on the basis of the occupant
occupant load factors in BNBC Part4 Section 3.5.1 that are
characteristic for the use of the space or the maximum probable
population of the space, whichever is greater.
THE OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORS FROM THE BNBC ARE AS FOLLOWS:
RMG (G1 & G2) factories shall have a calculated occupant load of 2.3m 2 per
per occupant (25ft2 per occupant).
This occupant load factor is permitted to be increased or decreased based on
on the actual number of occupants.
 Assembly (E) with tables and chairs: 1.5m 2 per occupant (16ft2per occupant)
occupant) net.
Assembly without fixed seats: 0.7m 2per occupant (7ft 2per occupant) net.
net.
Offices(F): 10m 2per occupant (100ft 2per occupant) gross.
 Other Industrial (G): 10m 2per occupant (100ft 2per occupant) gross.
 Storage (H): 30m 2per occupant (300ft 2per occupant) gross.
 Hazardous (J): 10m 2per occupant (100ft 2per occupant) gross.
67

Travel Distance
The maximum travel distance to reach an exit from any point in the
the building shall not exceed 45 meters.
Travel distance limitations for G2 (RMG factories) shall be increased to
increased to 60 m (200 ft) where a complete automatic fire detection
detection system, portable fire extinguishers, and standpipe system are
are provided in accordance with this Standard.
.
68
Figure 35: Exit Access

FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEM
All garment factories require an automatic fire alarm system that
activates the alarm and occupant notification devices by manual or
automatic initiating devices (e.g. smoke detector, heat detector,
sprinkler water flow) in the event of fire.
Where Required: Automatic fire alarm and detection systems shall
be installed throughout all new and existing garment factories.
69

Figure 36: Smoke Detector Figure 37: Heat Detector Figure 38: Manual Fire Alarm Call Point
Figure 39: Fire Alarm Control Panel Figure 41: Visual Notification Device
Figure 40: Audible Notification Device
70

STANDPIPE SYSTEM
A stand pipe consists of rigid water piping which is built into
buildings in a vertical position to which fire hoses can be
connected, allowing manual application of water to the fire.
Within the context of a building, a standpipe serves the same
purpose as a fire hydrant.
Where Required:
Standpipe systems shall be installed throughout all new and existing
buildings and structures where the highest occupied floor is more than
than 10 m (33 ft) above grade or more than 10 m (33 ft) below grade.
Location of hose connections:
I. Class I standpipe hose connections (65 mm) shall be located in all required
stairwells at each floor level including occupiable roofs.
II. Class II standpipe hose connections (40 mm) shall not be required if the
building is protect with automatic sprinklers.
71

Figure 42: shows 65mm (Class I)
standpipe
Figure 43:shows 40mm (Class II)
standpipe connection
Figure 44: shows 65mm inlet
connections for Fire Department
72

SPRINKLER SYSTEM
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of
consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and
and flow rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire
sprinklers are connected.
Where Required:
Automatic sprinkler protection shall be installed throughout all
portions of new and existing high-rise buildings with an occupiable
floor greater than 23 m (75 ft) above the finished grade.
Existing buildings greater than 2 stories with nonrated construction
construction shall not exceed 2000 m2 (22,000 sq. ft.) per floor unless
unless automatic sprinkler protection is provided throughout.
73

74Figure 45: Sprinkler Systems Figure 46: Sprinkler system and height relation

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Spacing: Extinguishers shall be placed so that maximum travel distance to the
unit shall not exceed 30 m (100 ft).
Mounting height:
Fire extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 18.14 kg (40 lb) shall be installed so that
the top of the fire extinguisher is not more than 1.53 m (5 ft) above the floor .
Fire extinguishers having a gross weight greater than 18.14 kg (40 lb) (except wheeled types) shall
be installed so that the top of the fire extinguisher is not more than 1.07 m (3_ ft) above the floor.
Signs: Fire extinguisher identification signs shall be posted near a fire extinguisher to easily
identify the location.
Placement: The portable fire extinguisher shall be placed near the path of exit travel and it
shall be easily accessible.
75

76
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Table 17: Selecting portable fire extinguishers

77
TOP MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIRE SAFETY:
It is the top managements responsibility to Ensure the Fire
Safety Plan is developed, approved and fully implemented.
provide inspection, testing and maintenance as required by the
Fire Code.
Maintenance of building facilities provided for safety of the
occupants
Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25

78
The losses of not maintaining Safety measures in Textile Industry
 US and EU are the major importer of Bangladesh textile which creates a huge
importants in export of Bangladesh textile.
 United States cancels huge of textile orders of Bangladesh for the several fire
accidents of last few years.
 US also impose a high duties on the import of textile of Bangladesh which affects
the export in a bad manner.
Table 18: US Market Share through Years for Textile industry
in Bangladesh
Table 19: EU Import percentage through Years for Textile
industry in Bangladesh
Years
ImportPercentageDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING, SUST.

79
SITUATION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY AFTER
ESTABLISHMENT OF ACCORD IN BANGLADESH
Table 20: Accord remediation progress of safety issues identified during initial inspections

Always Remember
80
Alarm Attack Evacuate

Thank You
81

82
IMPORTANCE OF FIRE SAFTIES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION
ENGINEERING, SUST.

References:
1. https://textileapex.blogspot.com/2015/11/what-is-textile-industry-definition.html ,24/03/18, 08.00PM.
2. http://news.nilfiskcfm.com/2016/07/5-major-causes-of-industrial-fires-explosions/ ,24/03/18, 08.15PM.
3. http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/html/10.11648.j.ijfbr.20160202.11.html , 24/03/18 , 08.20PM.
9. www.assignmentpoint.com/science/textile/problems-garments-industry-bangladesh.html
ENGINEERING, SUST.

Textile Industry Fire Safety in Bangladesh

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