2. March, 2015
The Sandwich Plate System - SPS
Exhibit 2
Structural Composite
• construction alternative to reinforced concrete and
stiffened steel in construction, civil engineering and
maritime structures
Key Benefits for Construction
• lightweight
• shorter erection schedule
• maximizes offsite construction
• minimizes logistics and risks
• easy to demount and reuse
History
• developed in 1993
• over 387 projects and 300,000m2 (3,230,000ft2) in service
in 30 countries
• used in ships, bridges, stadium and buildings
• approved by major global regulators
SPS
structure
Conventional stiffened
steel structure
Conventional concrete-
steel composite structure
3. March, 2015 Exhibit 3
Construction and Civil Engineering
SPS Applications
SPS FloorsSPS Terraces SPS Bridges SPS Protection
75% lighter than
concrete changes
structural options
prefabricated and very
fast to erect
extended service life
re-usable
SPS Overlay
Maritime
SPS Overlay
Bridge Deck
• existing steel decks stiffened in-situ
• fast process with no structural removal
• strengthening of existing deck/shell
• minimizes downtime
Steel Deck Repair Maritime New Build
SPS Hatch
Covers
elements of a ship/maritime structure
faster to build and easier to maintain
built-in additional performance
more benefits for military structures
SPS Citadel
Protection
5. March, 2015 Exhibit 5
What are SPS Floors?
SPS Floors
a composite floor panel made of two steel
plates, a polyurethane core and a steel
perimeter bar or profile
bolted together to the top flange of the structural
steel beams; generally made composite with
secondary beams
prefabricated factory quality construction with
close dimensional tolerances
proven and approved global technology
column
beam
Rigid, semi-rigid or
Simple connections
SPS
Floor
Panel
Bolted connection
to supporting
beams/girders
SPS
Floor
Panel
SPS
Floor
Panel
solid core
bubble core
Core Configuration
Solid Core: thin floor plates with a compact solid
polyurethane core between faceplates
Bubble Core: hexagonally closely packed air-filled
polypropylene spheres with diameter equal to core
thickness (deeper and stiffer core allowing longer
spans while remaining lightweight)
6. March, 2015
clean surfacessuper flat
Exhibit 6
Benefits of SPS Floors
all floor finishes possible
standard fasteners / hangers chilled beam and ducting better fit up
7. March, 2015 Exhibit 7
Benefits of SPS Floors
immediate structural capacity lightweight lifting equipment thinner floor
shorter erection schedule all bolted construction prefabricated
8. March, 2015 Exhibit 8
Benefits of SPS Floors
factory quality control close tolerances weather independent
diaphragm capacity lateral stability no construction waste
9. March, 2015 Exhibit 9
Engineering Design
Statics
SPS Floors designed to satisfy serviceability and ultimate
limit states for the governing building codes and standards
Dynamics
dynamic response assessed using;
- preliminary evaluation using HiVoSS method (Route 1)
- guidelines from Steel Construction Institute (Route 2)
- probability-based method (Route 3)
meets industry-accepted criteria
Acoustics
designed for minimum airborne sound insulation and
maximum impact sound insulation specified by local
building authority
SPS Floors in combination with the specified floor and
ceiling meet the specified criteria
Fire
industry-standard fire protection for steel structures can be
applied to the underside of SPS Floors to provide the
specified fire rating
10. March, 2015 Exhibit 10
Dynamic Design
Design Methods
Route 1: preliminary evaluation using HiVoSS method
- applied to a typical bay
- read OS-RMS90 values according to the calculated
frequency, modal mass and damping
Route 2: guidelines from Steel Construction Institute
- modal analysis for finite element model is conducted to
determine frequency, modal mass and mode shape.
- response factor, which is related to the peak
acceleration, is calculated
Route 3: probability-based method
- walking paths are defined
- Monte Carlo Method is used to randomly generate
walking frequencies
Design Tools
SAP2000, ANSYS
MATLAB based program
Microsoft Excel based program response factor of the floor (limit is 8)
finite element model in ANSYS
11. March, 2015 Exhibit 11
Passive Fire Protection
General
fire insulation is applied to the underside of SPS
plates in accordance with the standards for the
desired fire rating
details for fire insulation application available from IE
Tests/Certificates
Types of PFP systems
cementitious spray
intumescent coatings
sprinklers
fibreboard
Certificate
Date of
Issue
Authority
Fire
rating
(minutes)
Type of fire
insulation
Thickness
of SPS
(mm)
ABP 008 2009.11.18 BRE
60 Mineral wool 20
120 Mineral wool 50
BXUV.D305 2009.10.02 UL 120 Mineral wool 50
12. March, 2015 Exhibit 12
Acoustic Design
“…The SPS floor system is deemed to be acoustically acceptable as both a loading bearing separating floor construction and an internal
load bearing floor construction… also deemed to be acoustically acceptable for non-residential schemes including schools, office spaces,
industrial spaces, bars, clubs and other healthcare spaces…” - Sol Acoustics Ltd.
SPS floors with fire protection combined with a wide range
of typical ceiling and floor finishes provide a sufficient
acoustic insulation for commercial and residential
buildings.
Sample calculation using the acoustic design tool for a
typical floor buildup for residential floor, given below,
demonstrates that it meets UK building regulations; STC
ratings given in North American regulations are also met.
Floor Construction
Airborne sound
insulation (dB)
Impact sound
insulation (dB)
Rw Rw + Ctr Lnw
Base SPS-B 4-50-4 33 31 94
Residential
Fire
Insulation
50 mm Paroc FireSlab 150 fire on floor
and 25 mm on beams (2 hour fire rating)
11 8 -20
Flooring Carpet tile 0 0 -8
Raised
Floor
Kingspan RMG600 4 1 -6
Ceiling Armstrong bioguard acoustic board 7 6 -9
Overall Acoustic Performance 55 46 51
Design Limits na ≥ 45 ≤ 62
Acoustic Design Tool for SPS Floor
13. March, 2015 Exhibit 13
Bolts, Fasteners and Attachments
Bolts (typical spacing 500mm)
Approved Hilti Fasteners and Hangers
Double-sided Single-sided
tension control bolt hexagonal hollo-bolt
hex head bolt countersunk hollo-bolt
socket countersunk screw flush fit hollo-bolt
socket button head screw hexagonal box bolt
Fastener Recommended Pull-out Load
Description Type
SPS 3-20-3 SPS 4-20-4
SPS 4-50-4BC
kN lbs kN lbs
Stud X-EM8H, X-EM10H 2.9 657 3.4 772
Nail X-EGN 14MX 0.7 149 0.9 194
Threaded rod hanger X-HS U19 P8S15 1.6 358 3.0 672
Loop hanger X-CC U16 P8 1.4 314 1.5 336
Threaded rod hanger X-HS MX with X-EGN 14 MX - - 0.4 82
Loop hanger X-CC MX with X-EGN 14 MX 0.4 82 0.5 105
Threaded rod hanger X-HS MX with X-U 16 MX 0.8 179 1.0 225
Loop hanger X-CC MX with X-U 16 MX 0.6 142 0.9 202
Note: Tek screws with various diameters and thread types can also be used to their full capacity.
Please refer to http://www.evolutionfasteners.co.uk/Products/
14. March, 2015 Exhibit 14
Technical Notes
General
have more than 70 technical notes
covering different aspects of SPS
plates
Technical Notes
SPS Polyurethane Disposal
SPS Structural Damping Characteristics
SPS Panel Fabrication
Repairing SPS Panels
SPS Bond Strength for Steel Plates with
Surface Rust
Fatigue Resistance at Steel-Elastomer
Interface
Fire Resistance of SPS
Surface Preparation for SPS Plates
Protective Coatings for SPS Plates
Recommended Fasteners for SPS Plates
Thermal Transmittance of SPS Plates
…
15. March, 2015 Exhibit 15
Technical Summary
Typical Service Loads SDL 1.5kPa (0.22psi); LL 4.5kPa (0.65psi) (other loads and combinations readily accommodated)
Deflection Typically less than L/600 (for widths and live load listed above)
Dynamic Response
The stiffness of SPS panels and supporting beams are adjusted to meet needs of a particular
building or room (e.g. R-factor 6 is readily achieved for office floors)
Point Loads
Once bolted in place, SPS Floors are readily able to carry most typical wheel loads from
equipment such as Cherry Pickers, Scissor Lifts, Fork Lifts etc.
Ultimate Capacity
Ultimate capacity of SPS Floor panels is equal to plastic capacity of steel faceplates in bending
and exceeds the effects of standard imposed building loads (greater than 7.5kPa/1.09psi).
(Note: Ultimate capacity of beams is not covered by this data sheet)
Composite Action
Achieved through bolts connecting edges of SPS Floor panels to top flanges of supporting
beams. Welded connections also possible.
Stability
SPS Floors panels transfer diaphragm forces to the lateral load resisting system via bolts
connecting edges of panels to top flanges of supporting beams. Welded connections also
possible.
Fire Resistance
Up to 120:120:120 minutes using conventional fire protection which is either factory or field
applied. When shorter periods are required the thickness of the protection is reduced
accordingly. (Note: an untreated SPS panel achieves an inherent 30 minute resistance with a
20mm (0.8’’) core thickness, and 60 minutes for 25mm (1’’) cores)
Acoustics
Finished floors incorporating SPS Floor panels meet standard acoustic insulation requirements
for airborne, impact and flanking noise for all conventional building types. For instance: SPS Floor
design for hotels and offices provides: 49dB of airborne sound insulation; and 46dB of impact
sound absorption provided standard hotel finishes are applied.
Flatness Tolerance ±3 mm (0.1’’) over 3m (10’)
16. March, 2015 Exhibit 16
SPS Floors - Approvals / Certification
BRE Global Certification
Fabrication & Erection
Static Performance
Dynamic Performance
Lateral Load Resistance
Fire Resistance
Acoustic Performance
M&E Installation
Fit-out
New York & UL Approvals
17. March, 2015 Exhibit 17
Fabrication
parametric CAD modules
dedicated production line
automated production
CNC driven manufacturing
fast efficient fabrication
excellent dimensional tolerances
adaptable geometry
climatic control conditions
maximum integration of details
18. March, 2015 Exhibit 18
Fabrication Tolerances
Description Range Tolerance
L SPS plate length (max) 5000mm to 9000mm (16.4’ to 30’) ±3mm (±0.1’’)
W SPS plate width (max) 1000mm to 3000mm (3.3’ to 10’) ±3mm (±0.1’’)
-
interior flatness (measured
in a 3m straight edge)
Plate width < 1000mm (3.3’)
Plate width > 1000mm (3.3’)
±2mm (±0.08’’)
±3mm (±0.1’’)
-
edge flatness (measured in
a 3m straight edge)
- ±3mm (±0.1’’)
Δ unrestrained twist -
±5mm (±0.2’’)
Fabrication and Assembly Tolerances
Bolting Tolerances
Bolt hole size
-bolt hole size shall be 2 mm larger than the bolt hole diameter
Bolt hole position
-the deviation from the intended position shall not exceed ±1mm
19. March, 2015 Exhibit 19
Quality Assurance Processes
General
to ensure that the quality of all material or products and
associated production is verified and comply with the
contractual requirements, codes and standards.
Quality Assurance Program compatible with ISO 9001
certified by BRE to international and national standards
health and safety
- safe working procedures are prescribed
- SPS panel production process is a non-hazardous
activity
- environmental documentation and procedures
relating to the injection process available from IE
20. March, 2015 Exhibit 20
Quality Assurance Processes
PU Elastomer Quality
elastomer supplied as two separate components
(polyol, isocyanate)
characteristics guaranteed by BASF Elastogran
Bond Quality
steel plate surfaces must be free of rust, dust, grease,
oils and other soluble materials
PosiTest used to measure bond strengths; compared
with specified values
Steel Quality
the fabricator is responsible for purchasing the steel
according to the specifications as indicated on the
fabrication drawings or material lists
no steel material to be used until the certificates of
compliance have been received and reviewed.
Injection Quality
injection must be overseen by a qualified injection
engineer, who has received adequate training and has
been accredited by IE
the calibration of the injection machine is checked at
the start of each project
21. March, 2015 Exhibit 21
SPS Floors - Shipping and Site Storage
Summary
delivered on a flat-bed transport vehicle or
12.19m (40’) open top containers
delivery vehicle shall be placed close to the
bay in which the SPS panels will be installed
to minimize the movement of the load
shipping load sequence and container
contents are specified in method statements
special care shall be taken to ensure that the
units are handled in accordance with the
method statement on lifting
for storage of the SPS units, select a flat
unobstructed area in a location that is not
susceptible to damage from other
construction activities
the storage area must be kept secure to
prevent vandalism or contamination of the
coated surfaces (by dirt, grease, or other
chemicals)
22. March, 2015 Exhibit 22
SPS Floors - Erection Sequence
1. Erect initial frame 2. Install pre-assembled floor units 3. Install infill floor panels
4. Erect next floor 5. Complete and hand-over floor 6. Clad and fit-out
23. March, 2015 Exhibit 23
SPS Floors - Erection Sequence
Benefits
floor units combine plates with secondary beams
no lifts required for metal decking, rebar or
concrete
erected by primary steelwork contractor
no specialist training or equipment required
typically bolted to beams
no on-site welding required - however is possible
safer process with more consistent quality than
cast-in-place concrete floors
24. March, 2015 Exhibit 24
Method Statements
Objectives
to ensure that SPS panels and their
associate components are handled
and installed appropriately such that:
- a safe construction site is
maintained
- damage to panels and coatings is
avoided
- the risk of errors is reduced
Method Statements
Shipping and Site Storage
Lifting Procedure
Installation Procedure
Installation of Mastic Compound
On-Site Welding
Cold Cutting Penetrations
25. March, 2015 Exhibit 25
SPS Floor Details - Plate to Beam Connections
tolerance gap 10-20mm
bolted connections from underside
bolted connections from topside
500mm (19.7’’)
37. March, 2015 Exhibit 37
SPS Shear Cores and Stairwells
integrated openings, frame and floor connection
details
thin walled system creates more rentable floor space
delivered to site in single storey lifts
all bolted construction
integrated stairs and landings which allow immediate
man access
simple design procedures (tools available)
SPS Floor
SPS Shear Core
SPS Shear Core/Wall Design Tool
SPS Floor Design Tool
39. March, 2015 Exhibit 39
In-Plane Shear Tests
tests conducted at the ATLSS Engineering
Research Centre (Lehigh University,
Bethlehem, PA)
test characterizes behaviour of SPS plates
acting as floor or roof diaphragms and shear
cores in building structures
strength test to determine the shear
stiffness and ultimate limit state
cyclic load test to determine the energy
dissipation capacity of SPS plates
subjected to earthquake loads
Hydraulic Actuator
Loading Beam
Out of Plane Bracing
SPS 4-25-4 (4 m x 2 m)
Test Frame
Distributing Beam
Outrigger
Frame
41. March, 2015 Exhibit 41
Project Portfolio
Project IE Client Eng. Area, m2 (ft2) Description Complete
Daytona Hospitality Suite Walkway
Florida, USA
Daytona International
Speedway, LLC
Walter P
Moore
1,608 (17,308) structural floor
October
2014
SPS Popout Panels
Oregon, USA
Hoffman Construction
via Hoffman
Construction
9,146 (98,447) panels for factory floor
September
2013
Birmingham New Street Car Park
Birmingham, UK
Watson Steel Atkins 362 (3,897) refurbishment; structural floor
March
2013
Custody Cells
London, UK
Wates
Anderson
Green
6,148 (66,177) walls and floors
November
2012
ICE Building
Alberta, CA
Supreme Group Dialog 782 (8,417) structural floor
August
2012
Retail Store (Mock Up)
California, USA
Foster & Partners Schuff Steel 298 (3,208) structural floor
June
2012
Academic Campus (Mock Up)
California, USA
Foster & Partners Schuff Steel 170 (1,830) structural floor
June
2012
Bankside Gym
London, UK
Watson Steel Atkins 138 (1,485) structural roof
April
2012
Storium Floating Museum
Okpo, Korea
DSME DSME 3,347 (36,027) structural floor
October
2011
Metropolitan Police Custody Centre
Croydon, UK
Wates via Wates 5,285 (56,887) walls and floor
May
2011
Gatwick Airport
London, UK
Fisher WSP Group 277 (2,982) refurbishment; structural floor
April
2011
Carnegie Hall
New York, USA
Metropolitan Walters
Robert Silman
Associates
1,586 (17,072)
refurbishment; addition of
mezzanine floor
March
2011
Weston-Super-Mare Pier
Bristol, UK
John Sisk &Sons
via John Sisk
&Sons
4,000 (43,056)
refurbishment; external structural
floor (pier)
November
2009
Manchester Airport T2
Manchester, UK
British Airport
Authority
WSP Group 349 (3,757) mezzanine floor and walkway
May
2008
42. March, 2015 Exhibit 42
ICE Building at University of Alberta
Innovation Centre for Engineering
new building for University of Alberta
infill SPS Floor plates installed above
mechanical room provided usable office
space
Technical Details (SPS 4-30-4)
Area 782m² (8417ft2)
Date August 2012
Location Edmonton, Canada
Owner University of Alberta
Architect Dialog
Engineer Dialog
Contractor EllisDon
Steel Erector Supreme Steel
Benefits
prefabricated plates included penetrations
for services
simple and efficient installation in space
with limited access
thinner panels gave more headroom
45. March, 2015 Exhibit 45
Apple Store (Mock-Up)
Retail Store Mock-Up
temporary structure constructed for
testing
tested for floor vibrations and interaction
of structure with architectural finishes
good correlation between measured and
predicted dynamic behaviour
Technical Details (SPS 6-50B-6, SPS 4-30-4)
Area 298m² (3208ft2)
Date June 2012
Location California, USA
Architect Foster + Partners
Engineer Foster + Partners
Contractor DPR Construction
Steel Erector Schuff Steel Co.
Benefits
reduced depth and weight compared to
profiled metal decking and 110mm
(4.33’’) in-situ concrete slab alternative
(50mm/2’’ thicker and 40% heavier)
erection speed - placed and bolted SPS
Floor plates in only 3.5 hours
super flat floor
subsequent trades complete fit-out
immediately after floor installation
48. March, 2015 Exhibit 48
Carnegie Hall
One of the World’s Greatest Concert Halls
119 year old heritage; New York landmark
underwent major refurbishment in very
constrained location
SPS Floors were used as new floors within
existing structure frame
Benefits
shallow depth maximised interior space
light weight minimised load on existing structure
ease of erection
no wet concrete work above auditorium
avoided need for crane as panels light enough
to use site access lift
provided early protection deck for ongoing
refurbishment work
Technical Details (SPS 3-20-3)
Area 1,586m² (17,072ft2)
Date March 2011
Location New York, USA
Architect Iu + Bibliowicz
Engineer Robert Silman Assoc
Contractor Tishman Construction
Steel Erector Metropolitan Walters
51. March, 2015 Exhibit 51
Daytona Hospitality Suite Walkway
Daytona International Speedway
the home of the Daytona 500, the most important
and prestigious race on the NASCAR calendar
SPS floors were used for the renovation and
reconstruction of the Daytona speedway stadium
Benefits
installed while the facility was still in use
minimised load on the existing support structure
enhanced spectator experience by providing
improved access to the Grand Stand and
Hospitality Suites
25% shorter programme
no wet work
Technical Details (SPS 4-20-4)
Area 1,608m² (17,308ft2)
Date October 2014
Location Florida, USA
Architect Rossetti
Engineer Walter P Moore
Contractor Barton Malow
Steel Erector Steel Fab
54. March, 2015 Exhibit 54
The Grand Pier (Weston-Super-Mare)
The Grand Pier
main building gutted by fire in 2008
rebuilt on the existing 105 year old structure
located 400m (1,312’) out in the Bristol Channel
with demanding environmental conditions
SPS Floors being used as main structural floor
Benefits
light weight floor plates
erection deck with immediate load capacity
risk of weather delays being eliminated
60 year design-life
Technical Details (SPS 5-50B-5)
Area 4,000m² (43,056ft2)
Date November 2009
Location Weston-super-Mare, UK
Owner Grand Pier Company
Architect Angus Meek
Engineer Fairhurst
Contractor John Sisk & Son
57. March, 2015 Exhibit 57
Metropolitan Police Custody Centres
SPS Modular Construction
new-build programme of custody centres in
boroughs across London (Croydon, Brixton,
Kingston, Walworth and Woodgreen)
rapid completion of overall structures
holding cell unit consisted of SPS plates bolted
together to form walls and ceiling
Benefits
lightweight and modular construction
for ongoing custody cells, assembly of cells
completed at manufacturing plant
connections, penetrations and coatings
incorporated during fabrication
dramatic reduction in on-site construction time
clean construction site with improved safety for
the workers
no columns or beams
Technical Details (SPS 3-20-3, SPS 4-20-4)
Area 11,433m² (123,064ft2)
Date August, 2012
Location London, UK
Owner London Met Police
Architect Raymond Smith Partnership
Engineer Anderson Green
Contractor Wates
61. March, 2015 Exhibit 61
Bankside Health Club – SPS Roof
Gym Refurbishment
located in one of London’s most vibrant cultural
destinations
renovated to expand its studio offering
SPS Panels were used for the roof deck
Benefits
full structural capacity working platform once
installed
installed by steel contractor using standard
techniques and cranes
25% reduction in the supporting structure
super thin and flat roof
lightweight lifting equipment (spider crane)
no formwork, shoring or cambering of beams
Technical Details (SPS 5-25-5)
Area 138m² (1,485ft2)
Date April, 2012
Location London, UK
Owner Native Land
Architect Rogers Strik Harbour + Partners
Engineer Waterman Group
Contractor Carillon
64. March, 2015 Exhibit 64
DSME Storium
Floating Museum
converted from MV “Bow Hunter”, one of the first
vessels built by DSME in Korea
exhibit spaces being created throughout the
vessel’s cargo storage tank via insertion of two
floors constructed of SPS panels
a total of 480 panels, typically 5m (16’) in length
and ranging from 1.5m (5’) to 1.8m (6’) in width
being used
Benefits
high performance control of noise and vibration
fast installation in confined working area
25% overall structure weight savings
erection platform for upper level
lightweight lifting equipment
Technical Details (SPS 4.5-20-4.5, SPS 5-20-5)
Area 3,347m² (36,027ft2)
Date October, 2011
Location Okpo, Korea
Owner DSME
Architect DSME
Engineer DSME
Contractor DSME
67. March, 2015 Exhibit 67
Intel Manufacturing Plant
Popout Panels for Chip Manufacturer
designed and installed as cover plates for
access ports located on an extremely low
vibration waffle floor system
pre-production testing of fabrication and injection
process for SPS panels completed prior to full
production
produced target SPS panel quantities on a full-
scale production/assembly line
Benefits
a lightweight alternative to concrete slab (the
largest panel weighing approximately
12.8kg/28.2lbs)
simple to install or remove as required using
commercially available suction cups with
handles.
high performance floor system (noise and
vibration resistant)
Technical Details (SPS 2-28-3)
Area 9,146m² (98,447ft2)
Date September 2013
Location Oregon, USA
Owner Intel
Architect via Hoffmann Construction
Engineer via Hoffmann Construction
Contractor Hoffmann Construction
69. March, 2015 Exhibit 69
Gatwick Airport
Second Busiest Airport in the UK
extending retail space over baggage hall
pedestrian link bridge required to span across
baggage hall with no columns
- suspended from above
- weight critical
- but must feel like concrete
Benefits
allow supporting columns to be eliminated to
reduce obstructions in the baggage handling
area below
installed by the same crew that installs the
supporting steel framing
floors installed with forklift
fast installation (“Could have placed over 75 of
these panels a day”)
Technical Details (SPS 4-20-4)
Area 277m² (2,982ft2)
Date April 2011
Location London, UK
Owner Gatwick Airport Limited
Architect Capita Symonds
Engineer WSP Group
Contractor Costain
71. March, 2015 Exhibit 71
Manchester Airport T2
Third Busiest Airport in the UK
SPS panels used for the mezzanine floor and
walkway to improve security facilities
construction was carried out above the check-in
area while the terminal was fully operational
Benefits
minimal disruption to the airport’s business
simplified lifting operations in restricted and
public space
fast installation of prefabricated panels
clean, safe working practices
full structural capacity once installed
Technical Details (SPS 3-20-3)
Area 349m² (3,757ft2)
Date May 2008
Location Manchester, UK
Owner Manchester Airports Group
Architect Pascall + Watson Architects
Engineer WSP Group
73. March, 2015
Category SPS Floors Concrete Floors
Price-performance reduced weight for the floor and supporting frame
reduced schedule
thinner flooring system provides possibility of extra
floors within same building height
Increased rentable area (smaller columns, thinner
core walls)
crane capacity requirements reduced
heavier floors heavier supporting structure
extra costs associated with wet work (levelling with screed,
more trades, construction waste, curing time, props)
Schedule 25% reduction in superstructure programme
earlier rental
prefabricated; onsite assembly
fewer construction operations
no-curing and immediate structural capacity
built-in lifting, leading edge and facade connections
extended schedule associated with wet work (levelling with
screed, more trades, construction waste, curing time, props,
onsite construction)
Thickness 25-60mm (1’’-2.4’’)
creates more rentable floor space
150-250mm (6’’-10’’)
Weight 90-120kg/m2 (18-25 psf) 360-600kg/m2 (74-123 psf)
Diaphragm Capacity transfer diaphragm forces to the lateral load resisting
system via bolt connecting the edges of panels to
top flanges of supporting beams
continuity reinforcement is required to ensure the continuity
of the shear transfer across joints
Exhibit 73
Comparison between SPS and Concrete Floors
Concrete FloorSPS Floor
74. March, 2015
Category SPS Floors Concrete Floors
Acoustics satisfies all standard acoustic insulation
requirements for airborne, impact and flanking noise
with conventional floor and ceiling finishes
at least 150mm thickness to provide sufficient airborne
sound insulation
Dynamic Performance the strength and stiffness of SPS panels and
supporting beams are tailored to meet the dynamic
criteria
60%-75% lighter than concrete for the same
dynamic performance
relies on large mass to satisfy dynamic criteria
Tolerances ±3mm (±0.1’’) for length and width
±1mm (±0.04’’) for panel fastener position
±10mm (±0.4’’) for rebar location
-6mm (-0.24’’) to +12mm (0.5’’) for thickness
Flatness ±3mm (0.1’’) over 3m (10’) generally ±5mm (0.2’’) over 3m (10’)
usually requires leveling screed
Surface Protection typically only a zinc-rich primer is required water sealing and anti-stain coating required for exposed
concrete (extra cost)
Penetrations and Openings included factory made laser cut holes reduces onsite
installation costs
holes generally drilled on site by subcontractor
opening locations are limited and generally require
reinforcement
Exhibit 74
Comparison between SPS and Concrete Floors
Concrete FloorSPS Floor
75. March, 2015
Category SPS Floors Concrete Floors
MEP Attachments standard industry hangers and fasteners
service location can be premarked in factory
reinforcement may dictate location; dust
PFP up to 120/120/120 minutes using conventional fire
protection (fibreboard, cementitious spray,
intumescent coatings, sprinklers)
untreated SPS achieves 30 minutes resistance with
a 20mm (0.8’’) core and 60 minutes for 25mm (1’’)
at least 120mm (4.7’’) thickness to achieve 120 minutes fire
resistance
Floor Finishes all conventional floor finishes have been tested on
SPS floors and are easily installed
high panel stiffness limits risk of cracking of finishes
in service
extra cost for surface preparation, i.e. filling the cracks
extra weight, construction time for levelling surface with
screed
Shipping less weight
less space
stackable
-
Construction Operations Immediate working platform for subsequent
construction activities once installed
Weather independent
single trade; no construction waste; no dust
safer; less construction clutter
no wet work
concrete must cure prior to use as working platform
special care shall be taken in cold weather
construction and demolition waste need to be disposed
Exhibit 75
Comparison between SPS and Concrete Floors
Concrete FloorSPS Floor
