2. 2
ÍNDICE
PARTE I – INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO........................................................ 5
PARTE II – GRAMÁTICA ......................................................………………….. 21
1. Verb to be – Present Tense ......................................................………………... 22
2. Proomes Pessoais ......................................................………………………….. 23
3. Possessive and adjectives pronouns ......................................................……….. 24
4. Verb there to be – Present Tense ......................................................………….. 26
5. Present Continuous Tense ......................................................………………… 26
6. Simple Presente Tense ......................................................…………………….. 28
3. 7. Verb to be – Past Tense ......................................................…………………… 30
8. Verb there to be – Past Tense ......................................................……………... 30
9. Pronomes Interrogativos ......................................................…………………... 31
10. The Past Continuous Tense ......................................................………………. 32
11. Simple Past Tense............................................................................................. 33
12. The Simple Future Tense (will + verbo) ......................................................…. 36
13. Future with “going to” ......................................................…………………… 37
14. Adjectives ......................................................................................................... 38
BIBLIOGRAFIA ………………………………………………………………… 41
3
7. Você sabia que a alimentação mais popular em todo o mundo, em se tratando
de “fast food” é o hamburguer? Sua história começou em 1904.Vamos conhecê-la,
lendo o texto.
HAMBUR
GER
The Hamburger, introduced by Germans at World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri
in 1904, is named for the port Hamburg in Germany. The name "hamburger"
comes from “beef in a bun” - there isn't any ham in it.
Today, the hamburger is the most popular fast food in the world and twelve
thousand people order one ia tile United States every minute! You can have lots of
different styles of hamburgers or you can order other things in a bun. Next time, try a
fishburger, a chickeburger or even a veggieburger.
V
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y
Germans: alemães To order: pedir
Fair: feira Things: coisas
Bun: bolo Next time: próxima vez
Hans: presunto Even: ainda
Town: cidade To try: tentar, experimentar
Exercises
8. 1- Quando e onde surgiu o hamburger?
2- Quais os ingredientes de um hamburger?
3- Quais variações do hamburger tradicional que o texto sugere?
4- Assinale a correta:
6
( ) beef ( ) ham
( ) bum ( ) hamburger
ACTIVITY 2
9. W
IL
D
FR
UI
T
C
RE
A
M
The Marula tree, indigenous to the southern latitudes of subequatorial
Africa, and know by the local inhabitants as the elephant for its fruit.
The wild tree, never cultivated by man, bears small yellow fruit in
great profusion, providing a nourishing harvest of food and an occasion for the
animal kingdom.
The fruit, unique in taste and extremely riçh in vitamin C, has for many
centuries been used by man as source of both food and drink.
Exercises
10. 1. Assinale as alternativas corretas de acordo
com o texto: ( ) A amarula é feita
a partir de uma fruta siIvestre.
( ) A árvore da amarula nunca foi cultivada
pe1o homem. ( ) A fruta da amarula
é rica em vitamina C.
( ) Por muitos séculos a fruta da amarula vem sendo utilizada na produção
de bebidas alcoólicas.
( ) A amarula é conhecida como árvore do elefante, pois é a única fonte de
alimento deste animal.
7
ACTIVITY 3
Você gosta dos Beatles? O que você sabe sobre este grupo que fez muito
sucesso na década de 60? Leia texto e descubra.
THE
BEATLES
The Beatles were the most famous pop group in history. It was formed by four
Englishmen: George Harrison (1943 - ), John Lennon (1949 - 1980), Paul MacCartney
(1942- ),and Ringo Star(1940- ).
Ringo Star played the drums, and the others played the guitar. They all sang.
11. Lennon and MacCartney wrote most of songs, but Harrison and Star wrote songs too.
All the four of them were born in Liverpool, England. In 1960 they formed “The
Beatles".
During the 60's, The Beatles revolutionized pop music and today their songs
are rock'n roll classics.
The group parted in the beginning of the 1970's, for persona1 and commercial
reasons. Nowadays, Paul, Ringo and Geroge have their ownbands and solo
carerers.
(From: Book
Five – Fisk)
Exercises
1. Fill in this file card based on the text:
Group:
Nationalit
y:
Place of
birthday:
Group
formatio
n:
Group
separatio
n: Jonh
Lennon´s
death:
Age:
12. George´s:
8
P
a
u
l
´
s
R
i
n
g
o
'
s
ACTIVITY 4
BRAZIL INDUSTRY
Rapid industrialization, beginning with Word War I, has characterized the
most recent phase of Brazilian's economic development. The cities of Sao
Paulo, SP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Recife, PE, and, later, Belo Horizonte, MG,
Porto Alegre, RS and Salvador, BA, have become important industrial centers.
The steel plant Volta Redonda, RJ, built in 1946 with technical and financial
assistance from the United States, is among the largest industrial projects in
13. Latin America, and steel production is rapidly increasing. Brazil also produces
a great variety of manufactured goods, of which textiles are the most
important. Other products include all types of machinery, automobiles, tires
and other rubber commodities, aluminum articles, eletric appliances, and shoes.
The value of industrial production is only slightly less than of agricultural
production.
To serve these growing industries, electric production has been greatly
increased. It is estimated that Brazil, with its many vast rivers, has potential
of 14,500,000 KW, although only a fraction of this has yet been developed. The
most import hydroelectric power project is at Paulo Afonso on the São
Francisco River.
Fonte: Revista Manchete – Edicão Especial
Exercises
1. Responda de acordo com o texto:
a) Quais cidades brasileiras são importantes centros industriais?
b) Cite alguns produtos produzidos pelas indústrias brasileiras.
14. 2. Assinale a alternativa correta:
- O que não se produz no Brasil, segundo o texto?
a. Calçados d. Produtos têxteis
b. Produtos eletrônicos e) Pneus
c. Aço
- Segundo o texto, o potencial hidrelétrico no Brasil:
a. Não é totalmente aproveitado.
9
b. É utilizado, inclusive, na produção agrícola do país.
c. É aproveitado, parcialmente, na fabricação de automóveis e máquinas de grande
porte.
d. É o maior da América Latina.
e. É um dos maiores do mundo.
ACTIVITY 5
ADVERTIS1NG TRAINEES
Are you young, bright, and eager to have a career in
Advertising a Comnunications? We need new people to plan a create advertising
campaigns. We will train you. No experience is necessary, but you must have resumé,
and 100 words Englishi, hand-written, explaining you abilities and why should choose
YOU, to
“Training for jobs”, Caixa Postal 66208
15. (Fonte: O Estado de São Paulo)
Assinale a alternativa correta:
1. A frase: "No experience is necessary, but you must have a perfect knowledge of
English", pode ser traduzida como:
a) Não é necessário ter experiência para ter um bom conhecimento de Inglês.
b) É necessário não ter experiência, mas você deve ter um conhecimento perfeitode
Inglês.
c) Não é necessário ter experiência, mas você deve ter um conhecimento perfeito de
Inglês.
d) Não é necessário ter experiência e nem mesmo ter um conhecimento perfeito de
Inglês.
2. O anúncio procura um profissional:
a) Para a área de Propaganda.
b) Para a área de Planejamento e Criatividade.
c) Que não precisa ser treinado.
d) Que tenha um domínio razoável de inglês.
e) Que saiba falar, pelo menos, 100 palavras em inglês.
3. O curriculum que o candidato deverá mandar precisa ser:
a) Datilografado
16. b) Escrito à mão
10
c) Extenso
d) Criativo
e) Bem escrito e em português
ACTIVITY 6
IN T E
RN E T
You will have learned to browse in the Internet before you
start your professional life. All information you need will be available
at a data base that you can access via Internet. You’ll have an e-mail
address, an image telephone, and you will do your shopping through
electronic commerce. You will take part in electronic forums, where
each participant can give his opinion via computer. Films will
beprogrammed: you will tell your Internet service which film you want
to see and at what time. You will listen to music without buying CD’s.
This will be the word of Internet. We will have learned a lot
of computer skills in order to survive in the information Age. The
Internet will be the necessary basis for our everyday life.
How did the Internet start? Well, it really started in 1969, in a
military project in which 21 computers were linked. This means
that a person in one of those computers could read the files of
any other computer in the same network. This project was called
ARPANET. Durnig the 70’s and 80’s, computer technology developed
very fast. Networks were developed, like the ARPANET.
Later on, modens allowed a persons to connect the computer
to a telephone line and “talk” to another computer in the same
manner. A network could “talk” to other networks. Today, millions of
individuals are accessing the Internet daily.
The number doubles every 18 months.
17. Vocabula
ry
Age: era Learn: aprender
Allow: permitir Link: ligar
Avaliable: disponível Mean: significar
Browse: navegar na Internet Modem: dispositivo de
comunicação
Data base: banco de dados Network: rede
Double: dobra Skill: habilidade
E-mail: correio eletrônico Survive: sobreviver
File: arquivo Through: através de
11
Exercises
1. Responda de acordo com o texto:
a) O que nós precisamos para viver na era da informação?
b) Qual foi a primeira rede de computadores?
c) O que era a ARPANET?
18. d) Como um computador consegue “conversar” com outro que está distante?
e) Qual é o ritmo de crescimento dos usuários da internet?
2. Check the correct alternative
according to the text. The Internet:
a) Will be military reality in the future.
b) Will be important for everyone.
c) Is made of 21 computers
d) Can be used to develop technology very fast.
e) Teaches computer skills.
Something that you can’t do via Internet:
a) Shopping.
b) Send messages.
c) Participate in debates.
d) Dance.
12
e) Study.
ACTIVITY 7
19. MARING
Á
PARANÁ
– BRASIL
Maringá .
..
Maringá .
..
It has half a century since the pionners arrived and
cultivated the land holding their sieves as a heart beating the
rhythm of the song “ Maringá ... Maringá...”
Today the wave of coffee has receded, but the fields have
been covered by soybeans, wheat, cotton, pasture... and the song
became a city, beating strong to the rhythm of progress.
But Maringá is not just labor, the city is always prompt to
be disclosed through its modern urbanization of wide and treed
avenues which provide colored shades of flamboyants, date palms,
silk oaks, “ipês”- yellow and purple, through daring architectural
monuments, or even through the diversity of its population, a
kaleidoscope of the ethnic groups which gave to its people.
There are many roads to Maringá and it is easy to reach the
city but it is easier to simply stay there. With excelent facilities
Maringá is highly receptive. It has different class hotels and a
gastronomic choise of : Arabic, Italian, Chinese, Japanese and
Portuguese cuisine, in addition to barbecue restaurants which serve
delicious beef to meet anyone 5 taste.
Its tourists attractions are much related to its culture, arquitecture
and the preservation of nature, in a beautiful demonstrate of respect
for man´s natural habitat.
The Beauty of Maringá is irresistible.
20. V
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y
Arrived: chegou Shade: sombra
Beating: batendo Sieves: peneira
Century: século Silk oaks: carvalhos sedosos
Daring: ousadia Taste: gosto, paladar
Date palms: palmeiras antigas Through: através
Gave: passado do verbo “to give” To arrive: chegar
Half: meio To disclose: descobrir
Heart: coração To give: dar
Hold: ocupou To help: ajudar
Holding: ocupando To recede: recuar
13
It has seen: tem sido Treed: arborizada
Provide: prover, abastecer Wheat: trigo
Reach: chegar, alcançar Wide: larga
Exercises
Complete, em português, baseando-se na leitura do texto.
1. No primeiro parágrafo, o autor compara o ritmo do coração batendo, com o tino
de uma canção. Cite o nome desta canção e retire do texto a frase que comprova a
sua resposta.
21. 2. Hoje, em Maringá, o café já não é mais a maior cultura agrícola. Cite os
diversos tipos de culturas atuais.
3. Ao descrever as avenidas de Maringá, o autor cita alguns tipos de árvores. Quais
são?
4. Maringá não é só trabalho. Temos várias opções de lazer, turismo e tipos de
comidas típicas. O que o texto fala sobre o assunto?
22. 14
ACTIVITY 8
MICROELETRONICS: HOW DOES IT AFFECT OUR LIVES?
No doubt, microeletronics has affected nowadays culture. It
has specially affected our lives in the field of small personal
consumer goods. Digital watches, pocket calculators, personal stereos
are now universally available in great variety.
Microeletronics is also applied in our home. Cookers,
washing machines, dishwashers, microwave ovens, video cassete
recorders are now being fitted with their own microeletronic
programmes.
A microcomputer, for example, enables us to programme all
services we use in the house: to switch lights on and off, record
selected programmes, switch the TV on and off, take telephone
messages, etc. Can you imagine an office without microeletronic
nowadays? Big business compaies without computers? Typists, and
all those standard letters, without word processors?
Machines do not replace people. On the other hand, some
people do not replace certains machines!
23. Vocabular
y
Available: disponível Home: lar, casa
Boring: maçante, chato On the other hand: por outro lado
Field: campo To switch off: ligar
Goods: mercadorias, bens To witch on: ligar
15
E
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
s
1. Write true ( T ) or false ( F ) according to the text:
a) There are many of offices without microeletronics. ( )
b) With a microeletronic it is possible to switch the TV on switch the TV on and off. (
)
24. c) The field of small personal goods shows great variety. ( )
d) Boring typists type standard letters. ( )
e) Machines do not replace certain people. ( )
f) Our lives are no doubt affected by microeletronics. ( )
g) When there are good computers in big business companies, there is no need for
secretaries. (
)
h) There are dishwashers, washing machines, microwave ovens fitted with
microeletronic programmes. ( )
i) Microeletronic is more important in the field of small personal consumer goods. ( )
j) It is boring to programme all services in the house. ( )
2. Complete the notes according to the text:
a) Microeletronics
b) A microcomputer,
25. 16
ACTIVITY 9
HARD
ROCK
CAFÉ
People need an international language to do business, to
travel, to study sciences, technology, etc. This language is English.
People also need na international language for the heart. This
language is
Music.
Young people need a sanctuary. They like to meet, eat decent food, have
ice-creams, express their feelings and ideas, listen to good pop/rock. One
of these places is the Hard Rock Café.
A restaurant? A meeting place for the rockers? The Hard
Rock Café is all that... and more.
It is a place where you can eat a “decent” hamburger,
have lovely ice- creams, meet girls and boys, buy fashion T-shirts,
watches, badges, jackets, magazines, etc. It is a place for famous
rockers too.
The HRC´s decoration consists of an enormous collection of
items like: musical instruments, photos, posters, motorbikes,
clothes, etc. These clothes belonged to famous rockers like
Maddona, Jimi Hendrix, Elvis, Peter Gabriel, Michael Jackson,
Beatles, Prince and others.
It is common to hear this question in the HRC: “ How much is
that guitar in the window?”
The Hard Rock Café has a slogan: “Love All Serve All”. And they say it isn
´t just a slogan: It´s their way of life.
Eric Clapton is famous and he goes to the HRC to eat his
favorite “Pig” sandwich. He is very well served.
26. But you are not a rock star... It doesn´t matter! Suppose you
are visiting the HRC for the first time: you are also very well
treated, and they say you are a member of Hard Rock Family.
Perhaps this is one of the reasons for their success.
Vocabular
y
Badge: emblema
To do business: fazer negócios
To listen: (to): ouvir
17
Exercises
1. Responda:
a) Como é a decoração do HRC?
b) Que pergunta é comum ouvir no HRC?
2. Answer:
a) What is the international language for the heart?
27. b) What´s the secret of the Hard Rock Cafe's sucess?
c) Which items decorate the Hard Rock Café?
3. Write true (T) or false (F), according to the text.
a) Eric Clapton is famous for his “Pig” sandwich only. ( )
b) English is the language of business, sciences and tecnology. ( )
c) Only members of the Hard Rock Family are well treated. ( )
d) The Hard Rock Café belongs to famous rockers like Madonna, Michael Jackson,
Prince and others. ( )
e) Young people like to meet friends, eat good hamburgers, express their feelings in
places like the Hard Rock Café. ( )
f) The Hard Rock Cafe is not a meeting place. It´s just a restaurant and shop. ( )
g) “Love Ali Serve All” is not only a slogan, but also a way of life. ( )
h) They also treat well people who visit the HRC for the first time. ( )
i) The guitar in the window belonged to Elvis Presley. ( )
4. Responda:
a) Qual a língua internacional da ciência, dos negócios, das viagens?
b) Qual a linguagem internacional do coração?
18
c) Você já ouviu falar de um dos mais famosos “santuários” dos jovens de todo
mundo?
d) O Hard Rock Café é uma espécie de restaurante ou lanchonete?
28. e) É um ponto de encontro de jovens e roqueiros?
f) É somente uma loja?
g) Qual é o slogan do HRC?
h) Só gente famosa é bem recebida no HRC?
i) O que você passa a ser considerado depois de ir ao HRC pela primeira vez?
32. 21
1 – VERB TO BE – PRESENT TENSE
O verbo to be é um dos verbos mais estudados na língua inglesa. O quadro
abaixo apresenta- o nas formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa do presente e
também os pronomes pessoais.
Observe com atenção:
FORMA AFIRMATIVA FORMA CONTRACTA
I am You are He is
She is It is We are
You are They are
I’m
You’r
e
He’s
She’s
It’s
We’r
e
FORMA NEGATIVA FORMAS CONTRACTAS
I am not You are
not He is not
She is not It is
not We are not
You are not
They are not
-
You
aren’t
He isn’t
She isn’t
It isn’t
We
aren’t
You
I’m not
You’re
not He’s
not She’s
not It’s
not
We’re
not
SUJEITO + VERBO + NOT
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
Am I?
Are you? Is he? Is she? Is It? Are
we? Are you?
Are they?
33. VERBO VEM ANTES DO SUJEITO
E
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
s
1. Complete com as formas corretas do verbo To be:
a) That girl French.
b) You and your brother welcome.
c) She in the kitchen.
d)
you doctors?
22
e) He sick.
f) My house
g) The horses
brown.
in the field.
h) My sister and I late.
2. Complete os diálogos:
a) A: B: Yes, I
you from the United States?
.
from chicago.
b) A: she from Brazil.
34. B: No, she .
from Uruguay.
3.Complete os diálogos, seguindo o exemplo:
Peter is English. (Susan) Is Susan
English, too? No, she isn’t.
a) He is at school. (they)
too?
No, .
b) Philip and Scheila are late. (I)
too?
Yes, .
c) That man is French. (you and your sister)
too?
No, .
d) This cat is black. (dog)
too?
Yes, .
e) The doctor is young. (pilot)
too?
Yes, .
f) The airport is far. (theater)
too?
No, .
2 – PRONOMES PESSOAIS – SUJEITO
Singular Plural
I
You He, She, It
W
e
Yo
35. Exercises
1. Substitua os sujeitos por pronomes pessoais:
a) Mr. Todd is s doctor
is a doctor.
b) That girl is french.
is french.
23
c) The boys are in the cinema.
are in the cinema.
d) My sister and I are late.
are late.
e) Little Tom is sick.
is sick.
f) You and your brother are welcome.
are welcome.
g) The horses are in the field.
are in the field.
h) The cat in the kitchen.
is in the kitchen.
i) My house is brown
is brown.
j) The girls are studying now.
are studying.
3 – POSSESSIVE AND ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS
POSSESSIVE/
ADJECTIVES
POSSESSI
VE
36. This is my book.
(adjective) That book is
yours. (pronoun)
My Your
His Her Its
Our Your
Their
Min
e
You
rs
His
Her
s
Its
Our
Uso:
− Os adjetivos possessivos vêm antes do substantivo.
− Os pronomes possessivos são usados no lugar do substantivo.
− Tanto os adjetivos quanto os pronomes concordam com o possuidor e não com a
coisa possuída. I bring my book, you can bring yours.
Obs. :
§ Quando o possuidor for um pronome indefinido, o possessivo será masculino e
singular. Everyone must bring his book.
§ A estrutura of + pronome possessivo significa “um dos”, “uma
das”. She is a friend of mine. (She is one of my
friends).
24
Exercises
1. Complete com o pronome possessivo correto:
a) Mary´s train is leaving at 3 o´clock, but John´s is leaving in 3 minutes.
train is leaving at 3 o´clock, but is leaving in 3 minutes.
b) My brother´s favorite fruit is apple.
favorite fruit is apple.
c) The cats are sleeping in the dog´s house.
The cats are sleeping in
house.
d) The teacher corrects the students´compositions.
37. The teacher corrects
compositions.
e) Mr. Allen´s computer puts him in connection with the Internet.
computer puts him in connection with the Internet.
2. Complete com o possessivo correto:
a) I do things, you do
b) She can do
homework alone. He can´t do
c) We must wash hands before lunch.
d) The boys aren´t going to clean rooms today.
e) Dr. Smith washes car every morning.
3. Escolha a alternativa correta:
a) Does
bring books to the class?
a) he – him c) her – she
b) she – her d) she – hers
b) Do you prefer listening to
records or ?
a) your – yours c) your – our
b) my – him d) your – mine
c) Everybody must talk to
a) ours c) his
b) mine d) him
coordinator.
d) Mrs. Cohen and
children are waiting for answer.
a) his – our c) her – our
b) their – yours d) her – ours
38. 25
4 – VERB THERE TO BE – PRESENT TENSE
Observe o quadro abaixo com as expressões there is e there are. Elas não
apresentam os pronomes pessoais.
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIV
A
SINGULAR There is/there´s There is not/there isn´t Is there?
PLURAL There are/there
´re
There are not/there aren
´t
Are there?
Exercises
1. Complete as frases usando there is ou there are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
children playing ball. a
bus on the street. three
boats on the lake.
a boy reading under a tree. policemen
at the gate of the park.
2.Complete com there is not ou there are not (pode-se usar a forma contracta):
In a small city
many cinemas,
amusement.
39. 3. Faça perguntas com is there ou are there:
heavy traffic, many job opportunities,
pollution,
a)
b)
c)
d)
a museum in your city? Yes, there is. pollution
in São Paulo? Yes, there is.
car accidents in New York? Yes, there are many.
job opportunities in your city? No, there are not many.
5 – PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
O present continuous tense é formado pelo verbo to be mais o verbo
principal com a terminação – ing.
Example: I am reading now. (eu estou
lendo agora) She is reading
now.
We are
reading
now. They
are reading
now.
Forma Interrogativa do Present
Continuous Tense: Example: Am I reading
now?
Is she reading now?
26
40. Forma negativa do Present Continuous Tense:
Example: Isn’t she reading now?
Aren’t you reading now?
Nota:
– Os verbos terminados em “e” perdem o “e” e
recebem “ing”. Example: To love – loving.
– Os verbos terminados em consoante/vogal/consoante, dobram a consoante final e
recebem “ing”. Example: To run – running.
Exercises
1. Escolha a alternativa correta:
a) The children (is/are) sleeping now. Don’t make any noise.
b) (Is/Are) it raining outside?
c) What (is/are) Marion doing in the laboratory right now?
d) Can you help me? (Is/am/are) cleaning the garage.
2. Complete com o “present continuous” dos verbos entre parenteses:
a) Our classes are
b) Look at these plants! They are
c) Don’t worry about Mary. She is
(begin) now.
(die).
(have) a good time on the farm.
d) Is your bus
e) What are your brothers
(leave) in the morning? Yes, it is.
(do)? They are
(swim).
3. Responda as questões, seguindo o exemplo:
41. What’s the secretary doing?
(type a letter) She’s typing a
letter.
a) What´s the secretary doing? (cry)
b) What´s the boy doing? (run in the park)
c) What are the men doing? (read)
d) What is the woman doing? (buy an ice cream)
e) What´s the dog doing? (sleep)
f) What´s the dog doing? (cry)
g) What´s the cat doing? (climb a tree)
27
6 – SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
O Simple Present expressa ações habituais, normalmente aparece com
palavras como always, sometimes, every, in the never.
Ex: We go to school every day.
They always play tennis.
A forma interrogativa Simple Present é feita colocando-se o verbo auxiliar
“do” antes do sujeito.
Ex: Do they write letters
every weekend? Do you
play football every
weekend?
A forma negativa do Simple Present é feita por do + not (don´t)
após o sujeito. Ex: We don´t write letters every week.
I don´t go to school every day.
42. Simple Present Tense (Third Person)
− Na terceira pessoa do singular (he, she, it), o verbo Simple Present
geralmente recebe “s” : Like – likes Say - says
Eat – eats Drink – drinks
− O verbo recebe “es”quando terminado em
s,ss,ch,x ou o . Fix – fixes Wash -
washes
Pass – passes Do - does
Go – goes Watch - watches
− O verbo terminado em “y”, precedido de consoante, muda o “y” para “i”
e recebe “es”. Study – studies Fly – flies
Obs.: A terceira pessoa do singular de have é has.
− A interrogativa da terceira pessoa do singular é feita colocando-se a forma does
antes do sujeito. Ex.: Does she live in Maringá?
Does he work in the morning?
− A forma negativa é feita por does + not (doesn´t)
após o sujeito. Ex.: My sister doesn´t
like bananas.
He doesn´t want a newspaper from Minas Gerais.
TO LIKE
Afirmativa
I like (eu
gosto) You like
He likes She
likes It likes
We like You
like They like
Negativa
I don´t like
(eu não
gosto) You
don´t like He
doesn´t like
She doesn´t
like It doesn
´t like We
don´t like
You don´t
Interrogati
va Do I
like? (eu
gosto) Do
you like?
Does he
like? Does
she like?
Does It
like? Do we
28
No quadro, o verbo to like está conjugado no presente simples. Você pode
verificar que se usa o auxiliar do nas formas negativa e interrogativa, para todas as
pessoas, exceto para a 3ª pessoa do singular – usa-se does, seguido do verbo
principal sem s: like.
43. Isto serve de modelo para outros verbos: work, help, come, buy, leave, take,
have etc.
Ex.: He likes his job.
Does he
like his
job? He
doesn´t
like his
job.
Exercises
1. Complete as sentenças trocando os sujeitos:
a) I take
the
bus at
six. He
b) They work
at our
office. She
c) We buy a
newspaper every
day. He
2. Observe os exemplos. Reescreva as frases na
negativa: She likes school. – She
doesn´t like school. My wife works, too.
– My wife doesn
´t work, too. He has a good job. – He
doesn´t have a good job.
a) She stays at home.
b) He helps with the children.
c) John comes at seven.
d) Mary has problem.
44. 3. Observe os exemplos e reescreva as frases
fazendo perguntas. She likes school. –
Does she like school?
My wife works. – Does my wife work?
He has a good job. – Does he have a good job?
a) He likes to work at night.
b) She wants to work.
c) The teacher leaves school at seven.
d) He has a lot of money.
29
7 – VERB TO BE – PAST TENSE
Agora você vai estudar o verbo to be no passado. Observe que existe duas
formas: was e were.
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I was You
were He was
She was It
was We
were You
were They
were
I was not (I wasn’t)
You were not (you
weren’t)
He was not (he
wasn’t) She was not
(she wasn’t) It was not
(it wasn’t)
We were not (we weren’t)
Was I?
Were
you?
Was
He?
Was
She?
Was It?
Exercises
45. 1.Complete com o verbo To BE no passado:
a) This
b)
c) The dog
d)
e) You
my first Italian book. you in
Rio last february?
in the garden an hour ago. we
at john’s house last weekend?
not a good student last month.
8 – VERB THERE TO BE – PAST TENSE
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIV
AThere was There were There was
not There
Was
there?
Este é o verbo There to be, conjugado no Simple Past. São usadas duas
formas: uma para o singular e outra para o plural, ambas traduzidas por uma só
forma.
Simple Present
There is
There are
Simple Past
There was There were
há
46. houve ou havia
30
There was: é usado antes de substantivos no singular.
There were: é usado antes de substantivos no plural.
Exercises
Vamos agora praticar o que aprendemos sobre o verbo there to be:
1. Complete as sentenças a seguir com o verbo There to be no Simple Past:
a)
a lot of books on the table yesterday.
b) He didn´t come because
problems in the factory.
c) I could not enter the house because
a dog in the garden.
d) She stayed because
a party there.
e) He wanted to live in that city because
a lot of opportunities there.
f)
an accident near my house last week.
g)
many books at the club yesterday.
47. h)
a good TV show last night.
i)
three books on my bed one hour ago.
j)
an atomic explosion in Japan in 1945.
k)
many children in the Park yesterday.
l)
butter in the refrigerator yesterday.
m)
a cat in my room last night.
n)
two famous artists at the hotel.
o)
three apples on the table.
9 – PRONOMES INTERROGATIVOS
Who What When Where
quem o que, qual
quando onde
48. 31
Exercises
1. Complete com who, what, when ou where.
a) Peter was at home last nigth.
was peter last night?
was at home last night?
was Peter at home?
b) Mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen now.
is mother doing in the kitchen now?
is mother cooking in the kitchen now?
is mother dinner in the kitchen now?
is mother cooking dinner now?
10 – THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Passado do Verbo verbo terminado em
TO BE + ING
TO SLEEP
I was sleeping You were
sleeping He was sleeping
She was sleeping It was
sleeping We were
sleeping They were
sleeping
Afirmativa: He was sleeping
Interrogativa: Was he
sleeping? Negativa: He was
not sleeping
Formas abreviadas: wasn´t (was
not)
weren´t (were
49. Nota:
O verbo terminado em “ing” não se altera na interrogativa e na negativa.
Ortografia:
Todos os tempos contínuos seguem as mesmas normas ortográficas.
Uso:
Expressa ações que estavam acontecendo em um determinado momento no
passado. Ex: They were sleeping 5 minutes ago.
32
Exercises
1. Complete com passado contínuo:
a) Susan (help) her mother in the kitchen.
b) We (run) to school at 8:00 this morning.
c) The children
(look) for the cat in the garage.
d) Father (drive) home at 6:00 yesterday.
e) Dennis and Tom (solve) the problem in the classroom.
f) The telephone (ring) at o´clock this morning.
g) I (walk) down the street at 5:00 in the afternoon.
h) They_ (do) their homework at 8:30 last night.
i) Helen (work) with your brother last night.
j) I (work) with your brother last night.
50. 2. Reescreva as sentenças usando o passado contínuo.
a) She sleeps upstairs.
b) They called Dr. Harris again.
c) I don´t talk to teacher in the classroom.
d) Do you play a video game your father´s computer?
e) Does she write to her friends in Dallas?
11 – SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Affirmative form
1. Forma-se o “simple past tense” dos verbos regulares em inglês acrescentando,
geralmente “ed” à forma do infinitivo.
Infinitive Past tense
Look looked
Start started
Ex.: I looked for you yesterday.
Mary started her english course last month.
2. O “simple past” dos verbos regulares terminados em –y pode ser feito de duas
maneiras:
33
a) Quando antes do “y” vier uma vogal, segue a regra geral, ou seja,
acresecenta-se “ed”. Infinitive Past tense
Play played
Stay stayed
51. Ex.: John stayed in his grandfather´s house during his trip to
London.
My sister played cards last Saturday.
b) Quando antes do “y” vier uma consoante, muda-se o “y” para “i” e
acresecenta-se “ed”. Infinitive Past tense
Study
Studied Ex.:
Paul studied in
Paris last year.
Irregular Verbs
Não há regra para se formar o “simple past” (afirmativo) dos verbos
irregulares, eles se apresentam de várias formas, sendo necessário memorizá-los.
Infinitive Simple Past
Be (ser/estar) was – were
Begin (começar) began
Bring (trazer) brought
Build (construir) built
Come (vir) came
Fly (voar) flew
Go (ir) went
Have (had) ter
Know (saber) knew
Meet (encontrar) met
Read (ler) read
See (ver) saw
Sit (sentar-se) sat
Swim (nadar) swam
Think (pensar) thought
Write (escrever) wrote
Negative Form
A forma negativa do simple past dos verbos regulares e irregulares se faz
usando o auxiliar
did e a palavra not entre o sujeito e o verbo principal da frase no infinitivo.
Ex.: He did not visit his
52. grandmother yesterday.
(didn´t)
I did not go to São
Paulo in July. (didn
´t)
Interrogative Form
A forma interrogativa do simple past dos verbos regulares e irregulares se
faz usando o auxiliar did antes do sujeito da frase e do verbo principal no infinitivo.
Ex.: Did he visit his grandmother yesterday?
34
Verb to work (regular)
AFFIRMATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM INTERROGATIVE
FORMI worked
You worked
He worked
She worked
It worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
I didn´t work
You didn´t
work He didn´t
work She didn
´t work It didn
´t work We
didn´t work
You didn´t
Did I work?
Did you
wok? Did he
work? Did
she work?
Did It work?
Did we
work? Did
Verb to buy (irregular)
AFFIRMATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM INTERROGATIVE
FORMI bought You
bought He
bought She
bought It
bought We
bought You
bought They
bought
I didn´t buy
You didn´t
buy He didn
´t buy She
didn´t buy It
didn´t buy
We didn´t
buy You didn
Did I buy?
Did you
buy? Did
he buy?
Did she
buy? Did It
buy? Did
we buy?
Exercises
1. Complete as frases a seguir empregando o passado dos verbos marcados entre
parênteses:
53. a) The Mississipi
its water. (Roll)
b) The dark smoke in the sky. (Appear)
c) A negro slowly. (Cry)
d) The scene soon. (Change)
e) The river like a sea. (Look)
f) They_
their friends in the party. (Meet)
g) He his wife to see the river. (Bring)
h) We to São Paulo last week. (Come)
i) Eric in that river when he was young. (Swim)
j) The children in the sun. (Sit)
k) I her well. (Know)
2. Escreva frases relacionadas aos itens abaixo usando os seguintes
verbos no passado: MEET – READ – BUY – GO – FLY –
HAVE – WRITE – READ
Ex.: Paul – a house – last year.
Paul bought a house last year.
a) Ana – some wine – last night.
b) Peter and John – to – the cinema – yesterday
35
c) Mr. Souza – “Veja” – last weekend.
d) Mr. And Mrs. Torres – to Paris – last month
e) Miss Brown – a friend – last Saturday.
f) Joana – a letter to Marlene – last Sunday.
54. g) Antonio – a book – yesterday.
3. Complete com o simple past dos verbos entre parênteses.
Child of
the Devil
John Knox (1505 – 1572)
(be) a famous religious leader in Scotland. He
(be) always very strict and hard on everybody, including his family. One
morning his daughter
(be) late for breakfast. When she (arrive), Knox
(look) at her,
saying, “good morning, child of the devil”. “Good morning, Father”, she
(answer).
12 – THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE (WILL + VERBO)
I will work You will work He will work She will work It will
work We will work You will work They will work
Afirmativa: He will work Interrogativa: Will he work? Negativa: He will not
work
Formas abreviadas: I´ll (will)
Won´t (will not)
55. Uso:
Para expressar ação ou previsão quanto ao futuro. É usado com advérbios ou
expressões que
indiquem tempo futuro: tomorrow, next, in July, on Monday etc.
Exercises
1. Complete com o futuro simples dos verbos entre parênteses.
a) We (meet) you by the lake.
b) The Browns (move) to the country in November.
c) John (arrive) tomorrow morning.
d) I (catch) the midnight train to Amsterdam.
36
e) Cars (be) lighter in the future.
f) Mrs. Jenkins
(not come) for the show.
g) I (represent) my company in the conference.
h) The new project (begin) in March.
i) What
you
(do) after class?
j) I am on a diet, so I
(not eat) any ice cream.
13 – FUTURE WITH “GOING TO”
Presente do verbo TO BE + GOING TO + VERBO
I am going to work You are going to work He is going to work She is
56. going to work It is going to work We are going to work You are
going to work They are going to work
Afirmativa: He is going to work Interrogativa: Is he going to work? Negativa: He
is not working.
Uso:
1. Expressa ação futura
ou intenção. I am
going to swim.
We are going to get married.
2. Geralmente vem acompanhado de:
tomorrow, next, in etc. She´s going to travel
in March.
They are going to study tomorrow.
Exercises
1. Supply the going to form of the verbs in parentheses.
a) The show (begin) at 9 o´clock sharp.
b) Mr. Shaw (leave) the office after 5:00 today.
c) What
d)
you
they
do her the reports? (send) her the
57. reports?
e) The Ministry says that food an housing (be) more reasonable next
month.
f) The new factory_ (throw) 2 tons of chemicals into the reiver.
g) Mr. Allen (teach) us Arts next semester.
14 – ADJETIVES
h) I´m sure Sharon
(ask) you help her with her Math homework.
37
Comparative Form
O grau comparativo dos adjetivos é usado na comparaçãoi entre dois elementos.
1. Geralmente, acrescenta-se “er” aos adjetivos de uma ou duas sílabas para formar
o comparativo de superioridade.
Ex.: poor – poorer small –
smallernarrow – narrower near – nearer
2. Adjetivos terminados em “v” mundan o “v” para “i” antes de receber “er”.
Ex.: happy – happier pretty – prettier
ugly – uglier healty –
healthier
3. Adjetivos terminados em consoante/vogal/consoante dobram a consoante final antes
de receber “er”.
Ex.: fat – fatter big –
biggerThin – thinner hot –
hotter
4. Adjetivos com três sílabas ou mais para formar o comparativo de superioridade
usa a palavra
58. more. Esta regra também se aplica a todos os adjetivos terminados por re, ful, ed, ous
e ing.
Ex.: convenient –
more incovenient
important – more
important careful
– more careful
amusing – more
amusing obscure
– more obscure
5. Os adjetivos good e well fazem o comparativo com a palavra better.
Superlative form
O grau superlativo é usado na comparação entre três elementos ou mais.
1. Para formar o superlativo dos adjetivos de uma ou mais sílabas (curtos), geralmente
acrescentam- se “est” ao grau normal do adjetivo e o artigo the antes dele.
Ex.: near
– the
near
est
poor
– the
poor
est
short
–
short
est
old –
the
oldes
t
2.Os adjetivos curtos, de 1 ou 2 sílabas, terminados em “y” para “i” e acrescentam-se
“est”.
Ex.: happy –
the
59. happiest
pretty –
the
prettiest
heavy –
the
heaviest
healthy –
the
healthiest
3. Adjetivos terminados em consoante/vogal/consoante dobram a consoante final
antes de receber “est”. Ex.: fat – the fattest
38
big
–
the
big
ges
t
hot
–
the
hot
test
thi
n –
thi
nne
st
4.Adjetivos com três sílabas ou mais, para formar o superlativo, usam a expressão
the most antes do grau normal do adjetivo. Esta regra também se aplica a todos os
adjetivos terminados por re, ful, ed, ous e ing.
Ex.: handsome – the
most handsome
beautiful – the
most beautiful
careful – the most
careful expensive
– the most
expensive
60. 5.Há alguns adjetivos que formam o superlativo de maneira irregular.
Ex.: good – the best bad – the
worstwell – the best much – the
mostlittle – the least many – the
most
Degree of Adjectives (grau dos adjetivos de uma sílaba)
Grau
Comparativo
Igualdade
Ex.: John is as taller as Mary.(João é tão alto quanto Maria)
Superioridade
Ex.: Joe is taller than Bob.(Joe é mais alto que Bob.)
Inferioridade
Ex.: Bob is less careful than Joe.(Bob é menos cuidadoso que Joe)
Superlativo
Ex.: Joe is the tallest of the them all.(Joe é o mais alto deles todos)
Exercises
1) Complete as sentenças a seguir com o comparativo dos adjetivos indicados entre
parênteses:
a) Her energy is
b) You were
than her courage. (abundant) last year.
(thin).
c) Mary is much than her mother. (fat)
d) My street is
e) She swins
than Brazil avenue. (narrow) than her
61. sister. (well)
f) This book is good, but that one is (good)
g) I´m always tired, but today I´m
than usual. (tired)
h) This exercise is
i) I can´t find and
than the others. (difficult) way to solve this
problem.(easy)
39
j) I had a
car last year. (big) Now I have a small car. It is
than your car. (small)
2. Complete as sentenças a seguir com o superlativo dos adjetivos indicados entre
parênteses:
a) Paula is girl in our class. (old)
b) José is student in the class. (good)
c) He is boy that I know. (ambitious)
d) Hilda was girl at the party. (attractive)
e) January is
month of the year. (hot)
f) São Paulo is city in Brazil. (big)
g) This is
h) He is
book that I own. (expresive) friend
in the world. (good)
i) This is house here. (beautiful)
j) This is problem that we have. (difficult )
62. 3. Complete as sentenças a seguir com o comparativo dos adjetivos indicados entre
parênteses. Use
than quando necessário.
a) He is
than I am. (young)
b) Mr Vieiria is much than I expected. (old)
c) Chicago is Paris. (big)
d) My car is new but your car is . (new)
e) Last summer was hot, but this summer is
(hot)
f) He speaks Spanish well, but his sister speaks well. (well)
g) My house is your apartment (comfortable)
h) The weather today is than weather yesterday. (good)
BIBLIOGRAFIA
40
1 - ALMEIDA FILHO. Dimensões Comunicativas no Ensino de Língua Campinas, SP,
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2- AMOS, PASQULIM e PRESCHER. New Graded English. São Paulo, Moderna
3 – AMOS e PRESCHER. Apuarius Simplified Gramniar Book. São Paulo, Moderna, 1995.
4 – AUN. Eliana, MORAES, Maria Clara Prete de. SANDANOVICZ, Neuza Bilia, Get
to the point. São Paulo, Saraiva, 1995.
5 – ATUN, MORAES E SANSANOVICZ. Get to the point, São Paulo,
Saraiva 6 – LIBERATO, Wilson. Stairway. São Paulo : FTD, 1993.
7 – LIMA, Maria Cecília Truffi e XAVIER, Rosely Perez. Teaching in a Clair Way.
Florianópolis, Ed, Da UFSC, 1996.
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England, 1995.
9 – MARQUES, Amadeu, English 2º Grau, São Paulo : Editora Ática, 1996.
10 – PRESCHER, Elisbeth, PASQUALIN, Ernesto, AMOS, Eduardo, New Granded . São
Paulo, Moderna, 1997.
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Paulo, Moderna. 1997.
12 – RICHARDS, Jack c. New Interchanger : English for International Communication.
Cambridge University Press, 1997.
13 – SIQUEIRA, Rute. Magic Reading, São Paulo :
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15 – SPEAK UP, São Paulo : Globo, novembro, 1998.
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