Currently running automobile in market are uses power from engine to run Air-conditioning system. But, we have done theoretical analysis that runs Air-conditioning system of car with the help of exhust gases which is generated by the engine. We have make use of fundamentals of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration system based on Aqua-Ammonia. It has been found out that this system is suitable for big automobile wheres space is no issue.

1. Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya
Engineering College
(An Autonomous Institution)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
4ME32: Minor Project - I

2. Design and Analysis of Car Air-Conditioning System
using Exhaust Gases
Prepared by: Guided
by:
Jarmil Panchal (18ME040) Prof. P. G.
Choksi
Ketul Supekar (18ME047)
Jainik Patel (18ME039)
Priyank Kapadia (18ME037)

3. Sr. No. 01
Title Design of Ammonia Water Vapour Absorption Air Conditioning System for a Car by
Waste Heat Recovery from Engine Exhaust gas (2016)
Author Dinesh Chandrakar, N. K. Saikhedkar
Abstract An attempt to use vapour absorption system in which the compressor is replaced by
an absorber, a pump, a generator and a pressure reducing valve. Design
calculations have been made for different components of the system like
evaporator, generator, absorber, heat exchanger of vapour absorption for a
capacity of 0.75 TR
Conclusion • The useful heat available in the exhaust gas is sufficient to run 0.75 TR air
conditioning units.
• difficulty may occur when the vehicles at rest or in very slow moving traffic
conditions
Literature Review

4. Sr. No. 02
Title DESIGN OF VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM OF 1.5TR CAPACITY
BY WASTE HEAT RECOVERY PROCESS(2017).
Author Prakash Matta, Sai Kiran, Khaja SK ,Manoj A.V.K
Abstract The effective area of an evaporator is calculated for fixed cooling rate and the
effective area of heat transfer of condenser is calculated. The capacity of a
generator and absorber are calculated.
Conclusion The compartment highest temperature is 297k which is sufficient to keep cool the
surrounding. This particular size of plant is compatible to couple with an heavy
automobile of (50-100) KW BP capacity as luxury travel.
Literature Review

5. Sr. No. 03
Title DESIGN OF CAR AIR CONDITIONING USING EXHAUST GAS(2020)
Author Naik Mohamed Shoaib M., Kalu Sanet, Malapara Shabbir, Tiwari Shubham.
Abstract The main objective of using vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) system is the
recovery of waste heat in engine exhaust to produce cooling effect, which reduces
power requirement from engine by eliminating compressor from the system.
Conclusion 1. It is possible to produce cooling effect by recovery of exhaust heat through
vehicle.
2. Once a secondary fluid such as water is used, the aqua-ammonia combination
appears to be a good candidate as a working fluid for an absorption car air-
conditioning system.
Literature Review

6. Sr. No. 04
Title Design and Fabrication of Auto Air Conditioner Generator Utilizing Exhaust Waste
Energy from a Diesel Engine(2011)
Author Khaled AlQdaha, Sameh Alsaqoora, Assem Al-Jarrahb
Abstract In this investigation, analysis The generator was designed and fabricated for
optimal performance and could be rapidly transfer to the industrial applications and
design of an automobile air conditioner was made by utilizing the available diesel
engine exhaust waste energy to provide the required heat for the generator.
Conclusion The waste heat energy available in exhaust gas is directly proportional to the
engine speed and exhaust gas flow rates.
Literature Review

7. The effect of engine speed on the
exhaust heat generation (Qg)
The effect exhaust gas temperature on
heat generation (Qg).

8. Sr. No. 05
Title Analysis of Generator of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System for Automotive
Air- Conditioning(June - 2017)
Author Arun Bangotra
Abstract In the present work, the generator is designed which is the main unit of vapour
absorption refrigeration system. This will be located nearest to the exhaust
manifold at tail-end where the heat is available from exhaust gases.
Conclusion As calculated the air conditioning system for small car can run at 0.8 TR and needs
5 kW heat for evaporating refrigerant from mathematical modelling calculation.
Therefore the generator is designed to have capacity of 5 kW with temperature
around 95°C and pressure of 20 bar of area 0.22 m2 with no. of tubes 32 having
approx. weight 2 kg. The coefficient of performance can be found to be between
0.85 and 1.045.
Literature Review

9. Sr. No. 06
Title A Proposed Model for Utilizing Exhaust Heat to run Automobile Air-
conditioner(2006)
Author Shah Alam
Abstract In these paper three fluid vapor absorption systems is used for air conditioning of
four strokes, four cylinders passenger car. The capacity of air conditioner is one
ton. The exhaust of car is used to heat the ammonia solution in the generator.
Conclusion In the proposed analysis it is shown that useful heat available in the exhaust gas is
sufficient to generate ammonia vapor from ammonia solution for one ton air
conditioning unit. Since this system does not use direct energy of engine, therefore,
it does not affect fuel consumption, life and efficiency of the engine.
Literature Review

10. Sr. No. 07
Title COOLING OF A TRUCK CABIN BY VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
USING ENGINE EXHAUST(2014)
Author Shekhar D. Thakre, Prateek D. Malwe, Rupesh L. Raut , Amol A. Gawali
Abstract This paper is focused towards the design and development of an air cooling system
for the cabin of truck using waste heat from exhaust. This design is developed
based on vapour absorption refrigeration system which demands for future.
Conclusion The COP of the system  with  in generator temperature because evaporator load
is constant and as the generator temperature  , it  the heat load of generator.
The net effect is seen as  in value of COP.
Literature Review

12. Sr. No. 08
Title Waste Heat Recovery of IC Engine Using VAR System(2016)
Author Ketan Bhore, Prof. Sharad Bhosal
Abstract In this paper we focus on recovery of this heat for running air conditioning system
using NH3-H2O vapour absorption refrigeration system. In this work, feasibility of
the waste heat recovery system is studied and the system components are
designed using basic thermodynamic laws and heat transfer correlations.
Conclusion 1. It is observed that, large amount of low grade heat is available. i.e. up to
3.275kw which can be recovered from the exhaust.
2. COP of the system decreases with increase in generator temperature and
increase in condenser temperature.
3. It can be concluded that the waste heat recovery system can produce
refrigeration effect successfully and can be implemented on cars by using
compact design.
Literature Review

13. Sr. No. 09
Title Utilization of Exhaust Heat of Internal Combustion Engines for Cooling Purpose: A
Review(2018)
Author A. Khan , H. M. Ali , S. Khushnood , S. S. Shah , M. Nouman Ali
Abstract This paper presents a brief review of studies conducted by the previous researchers
on cooling produced in moving vehicles by using vapor absorption system.
Conclusion 1. It has been concluded that vapor absorption system can be used in moving
vehicles at low cost.
2. Separate electricity are not need for cooling and heating source in moving
vehicles.
3. Heat transfer of system increases with different refrigerants.
Literature Review

14. Sr. No. 10
Title Development of vapour absorption A/C system using waste heat from an Engine
exhaust(2016)
Author G. Mageshwaran, B. Sathish kumar , T. Sekhar vijay , Ujjwal Mohanty, P. Mohan
Kumar
Abstract This project aims at reducing the fuel consumption of the vehicle and thus increase
fuel economy by reducing the load on the engine by using the excess heat available
in the exhaust gases and implementing the vapor absorption system for air
conditioning.
Conclusion • As the absorber temperature increases, the solubility of NH3 in water decreases
hence less amount of NH3 vapors would be formed in the generator which would
result in decreased cooling effect.
• The COP can be increased further by using a heat exchanger between the
absorber and generator.
Literature Review

15. General Conclusion
• Heat available in exhaust gas is directly proportional to the engine speed.
• Solubility of ammonia in water is very high at low temperature. As temperature increases solubility
decreases.
• When Vehicles at rest or in very slow-moving traffic conditions, In both conditions heat reduction in
input to the generator ultimately causes drop in cooling effect of the system.
• The COP of the system decrease with increase in generator temperature at constant evaporator
also, the COP of the system is increases as Condenser temperature decreases.

16. Objective
• To utilize waste energy from the exhaust of an IC engine and
design automobile air conditioning system based on vapour
absorption cycle.
• To reduce fuel consumption rate and thus increase fuel economy
of IC Engine by reducing the load on the engine.
• To study the advantages and drawbacks of designed system over
current air-conditioning system.

17. Review of research papers.
Study Air-Conditioning system in
Automobiles
Waste heat and cooling load Calculations
Designing each Components
Analysis and Conclusion
Methodology

18. Work plan
Activities JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV
Review of research papers
Study Air-Conditioning system in
Automobiles
Waste heat and Cooling load
Calculation
Designing each Components
Analysis and Conclusion

19. Currently use car Air-Conditioning
system in car

20. Fuel Energy distribution in IC Engine
Heat carried
in exhust
gases
30%
Heat carried
in cooling
water
27%
Heat
equivalent to
brake power
25%
Unaccounte
d heat
losses
18%

21. Heat Load calculations

22. Enthalpy-Concentration
(h-
ξ)
Diagram

23. Heat Load calculations
State
Point
Pressure
P
(Bar)
Temperature
t
(°C)
Concentration
X
(Kg NH3/ Kg of
Mix)
Enthalpy
h
(KJ/Kg)
Flow Rate
ṁ
(Kg/s)
1 3.5 0 0.91 1300 0.0035
2 3.5 30 0.48 -10 0.0142
3 9 30 0.48 -10 0.0142
4 9 100 0.26 340 0.0107
5 3.5 100 0.26 340 0.0107
6 9 40 0.91 1930 0.0035
7 9 40 0.91 300 0.0035
8 3.5 -10 0.91 300 0.0035

24. Heat Load calculations
MATLAB
R2020a
Programme

25. Heat Drops kW
Heat Rejected
by Absorber
(Qa)
6.979
Heat Given to
Generator (Qg)
9.184
Heat Rejected
by Condenser
(Qc)
5.705
Heat Absorbed 3.500
Programme
Output
Heat Load calculations

26. Evaporator Design
 LMTD METHOD
• The external heat transfer area
(A)
𝐴 =
𝑄e
𝑈𝑜 × 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷
Inlet temperature of hot air from
cabin(Thi) = 30 0C
Outlet temperature of cold air to
cabin(Tho) = 15 0C
temperature ammonia vapour in
Evaporator(Tc) = -10 0C

27. MATLAB R2020a
Programme
Evaporator Design
 Input Parameters
Thermo-physical properties of ammonia at mean
temperature -10 0C
Density of liquid (ρl) = 652.1 kg/m3,
Dynamic viscosity (μl) = 0.1902×10-3 N-s/m²,
Prandtl number (Pr) = 1.47
Density of vapour (ρv) = 2.3906 kg/m3,
Thermal conductivity (Kl) = 0.5901 w/m-K

28. Evaporator Design
 Input Parameters
Thermo-physical properties of the air have been
calculated at mean temperature 22.5 0C
Density of (ρg) = 1.1943 kg/m3
Dynamic viscosity (μg) = 0.01826×10-3 N-s/m²
Prandtl number (Pr) = 0.7005
Thermal conductivity (Kg) = 0.0259 w/m-K
Specific heat (Cpg) = 1006.25 J/kg-K

29. Evaporator Design

30. Programme Output
Evaporator Design

31. Evaporator Design
 Output Parameters
LMTD(ϴm) = 31.9146 0C
Inside heat transfer coefficient(hi) = 7951.3 kW/m²K
Outside heat transfer coefficient (ho) = 136.3542
W/m²K
overall heat transfer coefficient(Uo) = 133.4628
W/m²K
The external heat transfer area(A) = 0.8217m²
Tube length(l) = 14.531m

32. Components Design Specifications
Descriptions Generator Condenser Evaporator Absorber
Tube diameter (mm) ϕ25 ϕ15 ϕ15 ϕ 25
Tube thickness (mm) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Dimensions (L× W × H)
(cm)
50 x 12 x 12 80 x 15 x 50 40 x 20 x 40 70 x 20 x 45
Tube length (m) 5.27 18.87 14.5 17.14
Outside area (m2) 0.46 1.06 0.82 1.51
No. of tube 12 26 42 28
No. of tube row 3 13 14 14
No. of tubes/row 4 2 3 2
Outside coefficient
(W/m²k)
128.41 137.85 136.35 118.34
Inside coefficient
(W/m²k)
4232.8 5385.7 7951.3 6168.9

33. Conclusion
• Heat available from IC engine exhaust is sufficient to run VAR system for 1TR capacity.
• For a given space in a car for Air-Conditioning components tubing length for different components
is large which may create manufacturing difficulties.
• When Vehicles at rest or in very slow-moving traffic conditions, In both conditions heat reduction in
input to the generator ultimately causes drop in cooling effect.
• Ammonia is toxic and flammable so we have to take extra precaution towards leak of ammonia in
cabin of vehicle.
• It can be used for cold storage transportation vehicles to produce cooling effect.

34. References
1) A Proposed Model for Utilizing Exhaust Heat to run Automobile Air-conditioner. Alam Shah
November 2006, The 2nd Joint International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment
(SEE 2006)”．
2) Arora CP Refrigeration and Air Conditioning．s.l.，Mc Graw Hill India，1 July 2017，Vol. 3rd
edition．
3) COOLING OF A TRUCK CABIN BY VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING
ENGINE EXHAUST． Shekhar D. Thakre Prateek D. Malwe, Rupesh L. Raut, Amol A. Gawali
May-2014，International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology，Vol. 03．
4) Design-Analysis of Generator of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System for Automotive Air-
Conditioning. Bangotra Arun June – 2017, International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT)，Vol. 6
5) Design and Fabrication of Auto Air Conditioner Generator Utilizing Exhaust Waste Energy from a
Diesel Engine． Khaled AlQdah Sameh Alsaqoor, Assem Al-Jarrah2011，International Journal of
Thermal and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 3
6) Design of Ammonia Water Vapour Absorption Air Conditioning System for a Car by Waste Heat
Recovery from Engine Exhaust gas． Dinesh Chandrakar N. K. Saikhedkar2016, (2349-1108)．

35. References
7) DESIGN OF CAR AIR CONDITIONING USING EXHAUST GAS. Naik Mohamed Shoaib M Kalu
Sanet, Malapara Shabbir, Tiwari Shubham June 2020, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol. 07．
8) Design of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration system of 1.5TR capacity by waste heat recovery
processes．Prakash. MattaSaiKiran, Khaja S K, Manoj A.V.K2017，International Journal of Pure
and Applied Mathematics，Vol. Volume 115 ．
9) Development of vapour absorption A/C system using waste heat from an Engine exhaust． G.
MageshwaranB.Sathish kumar, T. Sekhar vijay, Ujjwal Mohanty, P. Mohan KumarJanuary-March
2016，Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences，Vol. Volume 9．
10) Rajput R. K. A Textbook Of Heat And Mass Transfer Si Units．s.l.，S. Chand Publishing，1
January 2018．
11) S. Khurmi. Textbook of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, s.l. S Chand, 10 February 2019．
12) Utilization of Exhaust Heat of Internal Combustion Engines for Cooling Purpose: A Review． A.
KhanH.M. Ali , S. Khushnood , S. S. Shah , M. Nouman Ali2018，Technical Journal, University of
Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Pakistan，Vol. Vol. 23．

36. References
13) Waste Heat Recovery of IC Engine Using VAR System． Ketan Bhore Prof. Sharad Bhosale June
2016，International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ)．
14) Kothandaraman, C. P. and Subramanyan, S. Heat and Mass transfer Data Book. New age
international publishers, 1989.
15) Desai, P. S. Modern refrigeration and air conditioning for engineering 2004, First Ed.

37. Thank You