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1. CONTACT: PRAVEEN KUMAR. L (, +91 – 9791938249)
MAIL ID: sunsid1989@gmail.com, praveen@nexgenproject.com
Web: www.nexgenproject.com, www.finalyear-ieeeprojects.com
MULTI-GRAINED BLOCK MANAGEMENT TO ENHANCE THE SPACE
UTILIZATION OF FILE SYSTEMS ON PCM STORAGES
ABSTRACT:
Phase-change memory (PCM) is a promising candidate as a storage medium to
resolve the performance gap between main memory and storage in battery-
powered mobile computing systems. However, it is more expensive than flash
memory, and thus introduces a more serious storage capacity issue for low-
cost solutions. This issue is further exacerbated by the fact that existing file
systems are usually designed to trade space utilization for performance over
block-oriented storage devices. In this work, we propose a multi-grained block
management strategy to improve the space utilization of file systems over
PCM-based storage systems. By utilizing the byte-addressability and fast
read/write feature of PCM, a methodology is proposed to dynamically allocate
multiple sizes of blocks to fit the size of each file, so as to resolve the space
fragmentation issue with minimized space and management overheads. The
space utilization of file systems is analyzed with consideration of block sizes. A
series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed
strategy, and the results show that the proposed strategy can significantly
improve the space utilization of file systems.
CONCLUSION
In this work, we propose a multi-grained block management strategy to
optimize the space utilization of file systems over PCM-based storage systems

2. CONTACT: PRAVEEN KUMAR. L (, +91 – 9791938249)
MAIL ID: sunsid1989@gmail.com, praveen@nexgenproject.com
Web: www.nexgenproject.com, www.finalyear-ieeeprojects.com
with minimized space and management overheads. By utilizing the byte-
addressability and fast read/write feature of PCM, a sub-block management
with a stack-formed enlarging structure is proposed to use and manage
multiple sizes of blocks for each file and for each inode. Its objective is to
allocate proper block sizes for each file so as to minimize the internal
fragmentation issue imposed by existing file systems. The strategy presented
here supports dynamic inode allocation to dynamically allocate and reclaim
inodes, so that the external fragmentation issue caused by the existing inode-
based file systems can be further resolved. In particular, an indirection map is
designed to get rid of the search cost on searching files for inode reallocation
during the reclamation of inode space. A series of experiments was conducted
to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed strategy to handle different types of
real files. The results show that the proposed strategy could save up to 80
percent of the storage space required by the compared ext3 and UFS under
the investigated workloads and files, and still have better performance than
ext3 and UFS. In the future, we will investigate other non-volatile memories
to evaluate the proposed strategy. We will also explore the possibility to
extend the proposed strategy to other types of file systems with PCM as both
main memory and storage of mobile computing systems.
REFERENCES
[1] Y.-H. Chang, T.-Y. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, H.-W. Wei, W.-K. Shih, and Z.-R. Lai,
“Optimizing space utilization of file systems on PCMbased storage devices,” in
Proc. IEEE Nonvolatile Memory Syst. Appl. Symp., 2014, pp. 1–6.

3. CONTACT: PRAVEEN KUMAR. L (, +91 – 9791938249)
MAIL ID: sunsid1989@gmail.com, praveen@nexgenproject.com
Web: www.nexgenproject.com, www.finalyear-ieeeprojects.com
[2] B. C. Lee, E. Ipek, O. Mutlu, and D. Burger, “Architecting phase change
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4. CONTACT: PRAVEEN KUMAR. L (, +91 – 9791938249)
MAIL ID: sunsid1989@gmail.com, praveen@nexgenproject.com
Web: www.nexgenproject.com, www.finalyear-ieeeprojects.com
[9] J. Hu, C. Xue, W.-C. Tseng, Y. He, M. Qiu, and E.-M. Sha, “Reducing write
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