SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 10
Presented By: Mr. Ghule Pramod Babasaheb
Final Year M.Pharm (Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance)
Guided By: Dr. Vishal Bharat Babar
M.Pharm, PhD (PG Coordinator)
Dattakala College of Pharmacy, Daund, Pune (Savitribai Phule Pune University)
Date: 20th – Jan - 2022
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Principle, Types & Instrumentation
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References
HPLC is a qualitative & quantitative technique which is employed for
the evaluation of the medicine & biological samples.
This article was published to explore various aspects of HPLC,
including principles, types, equipment & applications.
From the perspective of qualitative & quantitative estimation of active
molecules, it has a wide range of applications in various fields in terms
of quantitative & qualitative estimation of active molecules.
HPLC is generally used in biochemistry & analysis to separate, identify
& quantify the active compound.
Includes:
 Stationary Phase (Packing Material)
 Mobile Phase
 Column
Principle: Analyzing the interaction of the compound in mobile phase
through stationary phase.
Types:
 Normal Phase Chromatography
 Reversed Phase Chromatography
 Size Exclusion Chromatography
 Ion Exchange Chromatography
 Bio-affinity Chromatography
 Bio-specific elution
 Aspecific elution
Instrumentation:
 Pump
 Injection of the Sample
 Column
 The Detector
 Interpreting the output from the detector
1) Chemical Separation
2) Purification
3) Identification generally assay of compounds are carried using
HPLC
4) Environmental Applications
5) Forensic Medicine
6) Clinical
7) Food & Flavour
Through a comprehensive complete review, we conclude, HPLC is a
chromatographic technique for the assessment of a drug’s generic and
reproducible.
From the perspective of qualitative & quantitative estimation of active
molecules, it has a wide range of applications in various fields in terms
of quantitative & qualitative estimation of active molecules.
1. Martin M., Guiochon, G. Effects of high pressures in liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 2005; (1-2)7: 16-38.
2. Liu Y., Lee M.L. Ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography using elevated temperature. Journal of Chromatography. 2006; 1104 (1-2): 198–202.
3. Abidi,S.L. High-performance liquid chromatography of phosphatidic acids and related polar lipids. J. Chromatogr. 1991; 587: 193-203.
4. Hearn M.T.W. Ion-pair chromatography on normal and reversed-phase systems. Adv. Chromatogr. 1980; 18: 59–100.
5. Bergh J. J., Breytenbach, J. C. Stability-indicating High-performance Liquid- chromatographic Analysis of Trimethoprim in Pharmaceuticals. J. Chromatogr.
1987; 387: 528-531.
6. Stubbs C., Kanfer, I. Stability-indi- cating High-performance Liquid-chromato- graphic Assay of Erythromycin Estolate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms.
Int. J. Pharm. 1990; 3(2): 113-119.
7. MacNeil L., Rice J. J., Muhammad N. Lauback R. G. Stability-indicating Liquid-chromatographic Determination of Cefapirin, Desacetylcefapirin and
Cefapirin Lactone in Sodium Cefapirin Bulk and Injectable Formulations. J. Chromatogr. 1986; 361: 285-290.
8. Bounine J. P., Tardif B., Beltran P. Mazzo D. J. High-performance Liquid-
Bansal V. et al., Journal of Global Pharma Technology. 2010; 2(5): 22-26
chromatographic Stability-indicating Determination of Zopiclone in Tablets. J. Chromatogr. 1994; 677(1): 87-93.
9. Lauback R. G., Rice J. J., Bleiberg B., Muhammad N., Hanna, S. A. 1984. Specific High-performance Liquid-chromato- graphic Determination of Ampicillin
in Bulks, Injectables, Capsules and Oral Suspensions by Reversed-phase Ion-pair Chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1984; 7(6): 1243-1265.
10. Wiklund A E., Dag B., Brita S. Toxicity evaluation by using intact sediments and sediment extracts. Marine Pollution Bulletin (2005); 50(6): 660-667.
11. Kwok Y. C., Hsieh D. P. H., Wong P. K. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) of pore water of contaminated marine sediments collected from Hong
Kong waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2005; 51(8-12): 1085-1091.
12. Hongxia Yu., Jing C., Cui Y., Shang H., Ding Z., Jin H. Application of toxicity identification evaluation procedures on wastewaters and sludge from a
municipal sewage treatment works with industrial inputs. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2004; 57(3): 426-430.
13. Ayerton J. Assay of ceftazidime in biological fluids using high-pressure liquid chromatography. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1981; 8: 227-231.
14. Bowden R.E., Madsen P.O. High- pressure liquid chromatographic assay of sulbactam in plasma, urine and tissue. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1986;
30: 31-233.
15. Haginaka J., Yasuda H., Uno T., Nkagawa T. Alkaline degradation and determination by high-performance by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1984; 32: 2752-2758
Presentation_on_a_complete_review_on_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_pramod_ghule

More Related Content

What's hot

Analysis of solid oral
Analysis of solid oralAnalysis of solid oral
Analysis of solid oral
Patel Parth
 

What's hot (20)

Preformulation
PreformulationPreformulation
Preformulation
 
Cocrystal review 2011
Cocrystal review 2011Cocrystal review 2011
Cocrystal review 2011
 
Preformulation Considerations MANIK
Preformulation Considerations MANIKPreformulation Considerations MANIK
Preformulation Considerations MANIK
 
4 preformulation
4 preformulation4 preformulation
4 preformulation
 
Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry ii (theory)
Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry ii (theory)Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry ii (theory)
Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry ii (theory)
 
HERBAL COSMETIC
HERBAL COSMETICHERBAL COSMETIC
HERBAL COSMETIC
 
Preformulation studies
Preformulation studiesPreformulation studies
Preformulation studies
 
PREFORMULATION
PREFORMULATIONPREFORMULATION
PREFORMULATION
 
IRJET- Insilico Studies of Molecular Property and Bioactivity of Organic ...
IRJET-  	  Insilico Studies of Molecular Property and Bioactivity of Organic ...IRJET-  	  Insilico Studies of Molecular Property and Bioactivity of Organic ...
IRJET- Insilico Studies of Molecular Property and Bioactivity of Organic ...
 
Preformulation a overview of product development
Preformulation a overview of product developmentPreformulation a overview of product development
Preformulation a overview of product development
 
Supercritical fluid (CO2) chromatography for quantitative determination of se...
Supercritical fluid (CO2) chromatography for quantitative determination of se...Supercritical fluid (CO2) chromatography for quantitative determination of se...
Supercritical fluid (CO2) chromatography for quantitative determination of se...
 
Anal BP102T-unit-1 intro for stu as per PCI syllabus
Anal BP102T-unit-1 intro for stu as per PCI syllabusAnal BP102T-unit-1 intro for stu as per PCI syllabus
Anal BP102T-unit-1 intro for stu as per PCI syllabus
 
Preformulation Guide
Preformulation GuidePreformulation Guide
Preformulation Guide
 
Analysis of solid oral
Analysis of solid oralAnalysis of solid oral
Analysis of solid oral
 
Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...
Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...
Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...
 
2201 preformulation considerations manik
2201 preformulation considerations manik2201 preformulation considerations manik
2201 preformulation considerations manik
 
SELF-ASSEMBLY AMPHIPHILIC CHITOSAN NANOCARRIERS FOR ORAL CO-DELIVERY OF HYDRO...
SELF-ASSEMBLY AMPHIPHILIC CHITOSAN NANOCARRIERS FOR ORAL CO-DELIVERY OF HYDRO...SELF-ASSEMBLY AMPHIPHILIC CHITOSAN NANOCARRIERS FOR ORAL CO-DELIVERY OF HYDRO...
SELF-ASSEMBLY AMPHIPHILIC CHITOSAN NANOCARRIERS FOR ORAL CO-DELIVERY OF HYDRO...
 
preformulation study
preformulation study preformulation study
preformulation study
 
Preformulation concept
Preformulation conceptPreformulation concept
Preformulation concept
 
1. preformulation
1. preformulation1. preformulation
1. preformulation
 

Similar to Presentation_on_a_complete_review_on_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_pramod_ghule

IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of PharmacyIOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
iosrphr_editor
 
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of PharmacyIOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
iosrphr_editor
 
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-1
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-1aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-1
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-1
Averineni Ravikumar
 
Mathew Pucuta - Official Research Project Presentation
Mathew Pucuta - Official Research Project PresentationMathew Pucuta - Official Research Project Presentation
Mathew Pucuta - Official Research Project Presentation
Mateus Púcuta
 

Similar to Presentation_on_a_complete_review_on_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_pramod_ghule (20)

Resume
ResumeResume
Resume
 
Dr. Abhishek Gupta C.V.
Dr. Abhishek Gupta C.V.Dr. Abhishek Gupta C.V.
Dr. Abhishek Gupta C.V.
 
Research paper description dr. mcd may 2021
Research paper description dr. mcd may  2021Research paper description dr. mcd may  2021
Research paper description dr. mcd may 2021
 
Ph.D. Proposal
Ph.D. ProposalPh.D. Proposal
Ph.D. Proposal
 
Pre formulaton
Pre formulatonPre formulaton
Pre formulaton
 
interchangeability
interchangeabilityinterchangeability
interchangeability
 
CV_Hari Narayan Kushwaha
CV_Hari Narayan KushwahaCV_Hari Narayan Kushwaha
CV_Hari Narayan Kushwaha
 
Dr.Lavanya.S.A - standardization of herbal drugs
Dr.Lavanya.S.A -  standardization of herbal drugsDr.Lavanya.S.A -  standardization of herbal drugs
Dr.Lavanya.S.A - standardization of herbal drugs
 
Literature survey on method development and validation using UV and HPLC
Literature survey on method development and validation using UV and HPLCLiterature survey on method development and validation using UV and HPLC
Literature survey on method development and validation using UV and HPLC
 
Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantificati...
Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantificati...Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantificati...
Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantificati...
 
Pharmaceutical Technology 1
Pharmaceutical Technology 1Pharmaceutical Technology 1
Pharmaceutical Technology 1
 
E activity slideshare
E activity slideshareE activity slideshare
E activity slideshare
 
Evaluation of ophthalmic preparation
Evaluation of ophthalmic preparationEvaluation of ophthalmic preparation
Evaluation of ophthalmic preparation
 
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of PharmacyIOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
 
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of PharmacyIOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
 
Kamilar Resume
Kamilar ResumeKamilar Resume
Kamilar Resume
 
Bioanalytical method development and validation .
Bioanalytical method development and validation .Bioanalytical method development and validation .
Bioanalytical method development and validation .
 
Akanksha palial copy
Akanksha palial   copyAkanksha palial   copy
Akanksha palial copy
 
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-1
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-1aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-1
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-1
 
Mathew Pucuta - Official Research Project Presentation
Mathew Pucuta - Official Research Project PresentationMathew Pucuta - Official Research Project Presentation
Mathew Pucuta - Official Research Project Presentation
 

Recently uploaded

Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
kauryashika82
 
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdfMaking and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Chris Hunter
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
QucHHunhnh
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
ciinovamais
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
 
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
 
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot GraphZ Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-IIFood Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdfMaking and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
 
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
psychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docxpsychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docx
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
 
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptxINDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 

Presentation_on_a_complete_review_on_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_pramod_ghule

  • 1. Presented By: Mr. Ghule Pramod Babasaheb Final Year M.Pharm (Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance) Guided By: Dr. Vishal Bharat Babar M.Pharm, PhD (PG Coordinator) Dattakala College of Pharmacy, Daund, Pune (Savitribai Phule Pune University) Date: 20th – Jan - 2022
  • 2.  Abstract  Introduction  Principle, Types & Instrumentation  Applications  Conclusion  References
  • 3. HPLC is a qualitative & quantitative technique which is employed for the evaluation of the medicine & biological samples. This article was published to explore various aspects of HPLC, including principles, types, equipment & applications. From the perspective of qualitative & quantitative estimation of active molecules, it has a wide range of applications in various fields in terms of quantitative & qualitative estimation of active molecules.
  • 4. HPLC is generally used in biochemistry & analysis to separate, identify & quantify the active compound. Includes:  Stationary Phase (Packing Material)  Mobile Phase  Column
  • 5. Principle: Analyzing the interaction of the compound in mobile phase through stationary phase. Types:  Normal Phase Chromatography  Reversed Phase Chromatography  Size Exclusion Chromatography  Ion Exchange Chromatography  Bio-affinity Chromatography  Bio-specific elution  Aspecific elution
  • 6. Instrumentation:  Pump  Injection of the Sample  Column  The Detector  Interpreting the output from the detector
  • 7. 1) Chemical Separation 2) Purification 3) Identification generally assay of compounds are carried using HPLC 4) Environmental Applications 5) Forensic Medicine 6) Clinical 7) Food & Flavour
  • 8. Through a comprehensive complete review, we conclude, HPLC is a chromatographic technique for the assessment of a drug’s generic and reproducible. From the perspective of qualitative & quantitative estimation of active molecules, it has a wide range of applications in various fields in terms of quantitative & qualitative estimation of active molecules.
  • 9. 1. Martin M., Guiochon, G. Effects of high pressures in liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 2005; (1-2)7: 16-38. 2. Liu Y., Lee M.L. Ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography using elevated temperature. Journal of Chromatography. 2006; 1104 (1-2): 198–202. 3. Abidi,S.L. High-performance liquid chromatography of phosphatidic acids and related polar lipids. J. Chromatogr. 1991; 587: 193-203. 4. Hearn M.T.W. Ion-pair chromatography on normal and reversed-phase systems. Adv. Chromatogr. 1980; 18: 59–100. 5. Bergh J. J., Breytenbach, J. C. Stability-indicating High-performance Liquid- chromatographic Analysis of Trimethoprim in Pharmaceuticals. J. Chromatogr. 1987; 387: 528-531. 6. Stubbs C., Kanfer, I. Stability-indi- cating High-performance Liquid-chromato- graphic Assay of Erythromycin Estolate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Int. J. Pharm. 1990; 3(2): 113-119. 7. MacNeil L., Rice J. J., Muhammad N. Lauback R. G. Stability-indicating Liquid-chromatographic Determination of Cefapirin, Desacetylcefapirin and Cefapirin Lactone in Sodium Cefapirin Bulk and Injectable Formulations. J. Chromatogr. 1986; 361: 285-290. 8. Bounine J. P., Tardif B., Beltran P. Mazzo D. J. High-performance Liquid- Bansal V. et al., Journal of Global Pharma Technology. 2010; 2(5): 22-26 chromatographic Stability-indicating Determination of Zopiclone in Tablets. J. Chromatogr. 1994; 677(1): 87-93. 9. Lauback R. G., Rice J. J., Bleiberg B., Muhammad N., Hanna, S. A. 1984. Specific High-performance Liquid-chromato- graphic Determination of Ampicillin in Bulks, Injectables, Capsules and Oral Suspensions by Reversed-phase Ion-pair Chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1984; 7(6): 1243-1265. 10. Wiklund A E., Dag B., Brita S. Toxicity evaluation by using intact sediments and sediment extracts. Marine Pollution Bulletin (2005); 50(6): 660-667. 11. Kwok Y. C., Hsieh D. P. H., Wong P. K. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) of pore water of contaminated marine sediments collected from Hong Kong waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2005; 51(8-12): 1085-1091. 12. Hongxia Yu., Jing C., Cui Y., Shang H., Ding Z., Jin H. Application of toxicity identification evaluation procedures on wastewaters and sludge from a municipal sewage treatment works with industrial inputs. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2004; 57(3): 426-430. 13. Ayerton J. Assay of ceftazidime in biological fluids using high-pressure liquid chromatography. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1981; 8: 227-231. 14. Bowden R.E., Madsen P.O. High- pressure liquid chromatographic assay of sulbactam in plasma, urine and tissue. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1986; 30: 31-233. 15. Haginaka J., Yasuda H., Uno T., Nkagawa T. Alkaline degradation and determination by high-performance by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1984; 32: 2752-2758