The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive assessment of how Turkey is positioned to combat and adapt to climate change (CC) from institutional and regulatory perspectives and depict the existing structure and policies for CC.

1. Assessment of Climate Governance in Turkey
Final Report | 10 September 2021
Policy Analytics Lab (PAL)

2. Assessment of Climate Governance in Turkey
10 September 2021
2
Table of Contents
Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 7
Section 1: Regulatory Framework, Mandates and Coordination ........................................ 10
1.1 Milestone International agreements and Position of Turkey .................................... 10
1.2. Regulatory Framework ........................................................................................... 12
1.3. Governance Structure............................................................................................... 14
Section 2. Planning.............................................................................................................. 19
2.1. Medium and Long-Term Planning Instruments....................................................... 19
2.2. Five Year Development Plans.................................................................................. 20
2.3. Performance Indicators ............................................................................................ 22
2.4. Mainstreaming and Cascading ................................................................................ 23
2.5. Related Strategies and Action Plans ........................................................................ 23
2.6. Implications of Turkey’s EU Integration ................................................................ 25
Section 3: Public Finance.................................................................................................... 26
3.1. Medium Term Program (MTP)................................................................................ 26
3.2. Budget...................................................................................................................... 27
3.3. Public Investment Program (PIP)............................................................................. 33
3.4. Green/Climate Financing ......................................................................................... 35
Section 4: Subnational Governments and State-Owned Enterprises................................... 37
4.1. Organization of Local Government in Turkey......................................................... 37
4.2. Regional Climate Change Agenda........................................................................... 39
4.3. Regional Climate Change Planning ......................................................................... 40
4.4. Local Climate Change Planning............................................................................... 40
4.5. Local Governments and Zero Waste Agenda .......................................................... 42
4.6. SOEs In Turkey........................................................................................................ 43
4.7. Spatial Planning ...................................................................................................... 46
Section 5: Open Government, Stakeholder Engagement and Oversight............................. 48
5.1. Access to Climate Change Information and Stakeholder Engagement.................... 48
5.2. Parliamentary Oversight and Judicial Review ......................................................... 54
Annex 1 ............................................................................................................................... 59
References ........................................................................................................................... 61