2016JETC-21stISR-Combined

SAME 2016SAME 2016
Welcome to theWelcome to the
CONFERENCE & EXPOCONFERENCE & EXPO

Hosted by the Society of American Military Engineers @SAME_HQ | #SAMEJETC
2016 Joint Engineer Training Conference & Expo2016 Joint Engineer Training Conference & Expo
DESIGNING 21ST CENTURY
ISR FACILITIES

Designing 21st Century ISR Facilities
Presenters:
• Ms. Kristine Hargreaves, AIA, LEED AP O+M; CH2M Advanced
Facilities Architect
• Mr. Pedro DeJesus, PE, RCDD/DCDC; CH2M ISR Program
Manager and Advanced Facilities Technology Director

Objectives
• Understand the holistic approach required to plan and
design ISR facilities.
• Understand flexible, adaptable, and expandable design
approaches used for ISR facilities.
• Gain basic understanding of energy resiliency for ISR
facilities.
• Gain awareness of human factor issues to be
addressed in ISR facilities.

Agenda:
• What is a 21st Century ISR Facility?
• Design Considerations
• Beyond Design
• Summary and Questions

What is a 21st Century ISR facility?
• ISR: Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance
• Building functions as part of the weapons system
• 21st Century ISR facilities require state of the art systems to
support their missions:
– Space
– Communications
– Infrastructure
– Power
– Cooling

Space

Space Qualities
• Spatial qualities that support ISR missions:
– Functional
– “Future-proof”: Flexible
• Adaptable
• Expandable
• Reconfigurable
– Human-centric
“We shape our
buildings;
thereafter they
shape us.”
‐ Winston Churchill

Space – Functional Requirements
• Operations
• Operations support
• Command and control
• Analyst wellness and support
• Building systems (could be 15-20%+ of gross area)
• Other assigned functions

• Operations
• Building systems
Operations floors
Server rooms
Briefing
Mission planning

• Operations
• Operations
Manager(s)
• Training and
simulators
• Audio‐visual
equipment
• Systems set‐up &
support
• Maintenance
Support

• Operations
• Command suites
• Conference, VTC
• Admin offices
• Auditorium/Large
Briefing Rooms

• Operations
• Counseling,
Physician, Exam,
Nursing Mother’s
Rooms
• Fitness area
• Coffee/Break
areas, food service
(non‐vending)

• Space may be zoned for:
– Mission-specific collaboration with coalition partners (varying
treaty agreements and security constraints required)
– Different levels of information classifications; e.g., uncleared
work areas, Secret, Top Secret, Special Access Programs,
others
– Mission-specific collaboration with US partner agencies with
differing access authorization

• Balance security, life safety,
accessibility, and operational
requirements
• Operations floors need to be
able to be quickly partitioned
to accommodate coalition
missions
• Consider whether mission
requires data wall, command
bridge, fusion cells, other
related functions

• Operations space design
needs to consider how analysts
work – e.g., desktop monitors
for imagery exploitation vs.
knowledge wall for situational
awareness
• Design to accommodate rapid
personnel additions – e.g.,
throughput at secure
entrances, storage for
additional seating

• Space relationships facilitate interactions as well as
efficient infrastructure design.

• Training and conference rooms
should be designed to support
primary functions as well as
converted for temporary
operations missions
• Audio-visual systems design
should be integral to building
design as it can affect building
configuration decisions (ceiling
heights, infrastructure, raised floor
heights, support loads, acoustics,
etc.)

• Column-free space operations
floors preferred
• Provide sufficient space to
maintain weapons systems
equipment during active
operations without down time
• Facilitate maintenance of building
systems to maximize reliability
• Design infrastructure to serve
current and potential future loads
and/or be readily expandable

• Consider how analysts transition
between areas of different
illumination, between operations
and off-duty
• Design furniture systems integrally
with building design
• Standardize racks/cabinets in
server rooms to allow more
efficient space layouts
• Design for future equipment
replacements – weapons systems
& building systems

Space – “Future-Proofing”
• Why?
– Support technology churn
– Function effectively in the face of rapid, often
unforeseen, changes to threat environment
• Time horizon: typically 15-25 years (military
facilities’ lifespans typically exceed that)

• Resiliency: tolerates disturbance without collapsing into a
qualitatively different state
• Tolerant of uncertainty
• Not dependent on an exact understanding of the future
• Capable of absorbing the functional stresses the environment
might face
– Able to be altered quickly without impacting operations (“down time”)
– Able to expand and contract specific functions without changing overall
building footprint
– Able to accommodate many variations of equipment, mission systems,
personnel without significant reinvestments or down time

• What does this mean for ISR facilities?
– Flexible enough to adapt quickly to
developing mission requirements and
technologies
– Adaptable without impairing operations
(no “down time”)
– Reconfigurable and expandable: relates
to space as well as the infrastructure to
support changes

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Flexible
• Consistent floor-to-floor heights
and raised access floor
throughout allow any space to
be altered quickly to serve as
operations or server rooms

Expandable
• End stairwells buffer
operations areas during
construction of expanded
wings
• Corridors planned to link to
future extensions
• Infrastructure can also
expand
• Building sited with growth
space

Adaptable and Reconfigurable
• Building is zoned (in this case, by wings)
such that sections can be upgraded easily
to other security profiles
• Centralized cores allow entire wings to be
reconfigured

• “The single largest enabler of DCGS productivity is the
cadre of Airmen who work 24hrs, 7 days a week in support
of the war efforts and the greater IC. Recognizing this fact,
the 480th Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
(ISR) Wing (Langley AFB, VA) in the last several years has
initiated large scale efforts to re-envision how the Airmen
of the DCGS perform their daily work.”
• Excerpted from report prepared by
USAF 711 Human Performance Wing

Human-Centric Space
• Human Factors
Considerations:
– Ergonomics
– Stress management and
wellness support
– Evolving workplace
environments; e.g., “caves
and commons”, internet
café, benching, etc.

Human Factors: Ergonomics
• Ergonomic workstations
– Configurations differ for each person
– Allow for customization, adjustability
– Consider impacts on operations floor
overall (e.g., standing height
workstation may obstruct sightlines)
– Consider maintenance access to
equipment as well as analyst
ergonomics
– Locate servers and CPUs away from
workstations to minimize heat at the
workstation and allow for maintenance
access

Human Factors: Acoustics
• Acoustics:
– Design to alleviate noise from
equipment, including servers
fans, HVAC
– Avoid high reverberant materials
in large operations spaces
– Locate large HVAC ducts outside
rooms to the extent possible
– Engage acoustical consultants to
integrate noise and sound control
in design
– Use ergonomic headsets
– Consider workstation
configurations that allow for
conversation between coworkers
(i.e., make sure monitors don’t
block sound)

Human Factors: Visual Hygiene
• Visual Hygiene
– Track research on illumination systems
to reduce eye strain, enhance
alertness, focus
– Use high flicker frequency lighting
– Provide areas with daylighting, views, if
compatible with security
– Provide multiple lighting sources to
provide options for analysts; consider
glare on work surface and monitors
– Minimize patterns, contrast in flooring
– Provide monitors in multiple locations
located to avoid eye and neck strain

Human Factors: Stress Management and
Personnel Wellness
• Provide dedicated crew
break areas – both quiet and
interactive
• Provide discrete access to
counseling, medical support,
nursing mothers spaces
• Provide coffee bar and fresh
food service
• Provide indoor bike storage
• Provide fitness area, lockers,
showers

Human Factors Considerations
• Building design should:
– Provide pleasant, attractive,
inviting work space
– Design should reflect the
mission and promote unit
identity and pride
– Buildings should promote
personnel health and
wellness, including circadian
rhythms.

Infrastructure Systems
• Technology Trends
• Communications Systems
• Audio-Visual Systems
• Infrastructure and Energy Resiliency
• Power Systems
• HVAC Systems

Technology Trends
• Virtualization
• Sensory Overload
– WAMI & FMV
– Big Data + IoT
• Storage
• Machine Learning and Assist
From 480th ISR Wing Mission Systems Infrastructure
Architecture and Management Executive Summary
Courtesy of TeraLogics’ Unified Video®

Computing Trends
• Future Computing
– Silicon-Germanium based
Systems
– Distributed Computing
(Grid Computing)
– Quantum, Optic, Cognitive,
GPU

Courtesy of Siemon
Communications

Courtesy of OFS Optics
Communications

Communications
• 25/40/50/100G ready
• Plug-and-play pre-
terminated fiber system

Communications
• Remote PC
– KVM/CPU
– Thin Client (zero, chubby,
thick)
– Multi-Enclave Computing
• Advantages
– Less noise
– Load in Server Room

• Future Trends
 Process
 IT Refresh During Fit-out
 Defense and IT collaboration in design
 Private-Public, Design-Build-Operate
 Classified Wireless
Communications

• Trends
– Full-Design by AE
– Building Systems
Integration
 Ops Control System
 Embedded with Comm.
Audio Visual

• Energy and Water top priority
• All utilities must be considered
• Utility Redundancy
– Concurrent maintainability
– Multiple paths
 Power
 Comm.
– Water storage
Case Study:
Energy Security:
Reliability
Energy Security
Resiliency
Efficiency
Reliability
Cyber Security

• Campus “Island Mode”
– Smart Micro-grid Control
– Distributed Generation
Case Study:
Energy Security
Resiliency

• Campus “Island Mode”
– Smart Micro-grid Control
– Central Power Plant
– Utility Power Plant
Case Study:
Energy Security
Resiliency

• Diverse Self-Generation
– Conventional diesel
– Renewables
 Wind
 Solar Geothermal
 Fuel Cells
Case Study:
Energy Security
Resiliency

• Improve resiliency by
reducing load
– Consolidate Data Centers
– Improvements Existing
System
Case Study:
Energy Security
Efficiency

• RCx
– Immediate HVAC and
DDC system operational
improvements
– Yields a healthier facility
Case Study Results
Installation
No.
Bldgs.
Total Bldg
Area (ft²)
Total RCx
Cost ($)
Total
Energy/
Water Cost
Savings ($)
Simple
Payback
(years)
Base A 6 469,753 $810,156 $139,793 5.80
Base B 5 144,584 $285,215 $54,185 5.26
Base C 8 126,761 $432,947 $63,062 6.87
Base D 8 861,711 $1,534,552 $439,103 3.49
Base E 8 500,758 $1,088,624 $415,753 2.62
Base F 3 142,798 $162,881 $56,575 2.88
Base G 5 566,671 $282,161 $99,375 2.84
Base H 8 476,910 $370,856 $89,981 4.12
Total 51 3,289,946 $4,967,392 $1,357,827 3.66
Infrastructure and Energy Resiliency

Building Power
 Enterprise-wide
Redundancy Planning
 Reliability Availability
Maintainability (RAM)
Analysis

Building Power
• Adaptable and Flexible
– Plug-and-play power
– Bus-ducts
– Flexible rack mount
PDUs
– Worst case design

Power
• Future Trends
– Data Center Information
Management (DCIM)
 Remote Management Capability
 Building Systems Integrated
Monitoring
 Network and Server Equipment
Monitoring
 Cable Management
 Live Load CFD Modeling

Cooling –Trends
• Hot/Cold Aisle Containment
– Cabinet Airflow Control
– Containment of Cold Air
• Prevent Loss of Conditioned
Air
• Assure Consistent Cabinet
Supply Temperature
• ASHRAE TC9.9 Best
Practices
• OSHA and Maintenance
• Legacy

Adaptable Cooling
• Adaptability
– Supplemental Cooling
• In-Row Coolers
• Above Rack Coolers plug and play
refrigerant based
• Back of Cabinet

21st C ISR Facilities – Beyond Design
• Collaborate with users to
understand mission
requirements
– Users can best help designers
understand how to
accommodate rapid
technology churn
– Users help designers
understand their operations
and maintenance tasks

• Program ISR facilities
based on mission-specific
requirements to ensure
adequate funding

• Prioritize innovation and
appropriate solutions in
development of
procurement strategies to
drive successful outcomes

Summary
• ISR Facilities have unique requirements; consider them
part of the weapons system
• Technology and human factors must be balanced
• Design for current mission as well as future needs
• Programming and contracting should be aligned with
mission-specific requirements to provide reliability and
flexibility in building configuration and infrastructure

Questions?For information, please contact:
Ms. Kristine Hargreaves, AIA,
LEED AP O+M
Advanced Facilities Architect, Program
Manager
Kristine.Hargreaves@ch2m.com
(703) 376‐5335
Pedro De Jesus, PE, RCDD/DCDC
C4ISR Program Manager
Pedro.DeJesus@ch2m.com
(703) 376‐5324
CH2M HILL
Military and Government Facilities
2411 Dulles Corner Park, Ste 500
Herndon, VA 20171

2016JETC-21stISR-Combined

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