Female reproductive system

1. Human Anatomy
& Physiology
Paul Dimmer
Photo Credit Pixabay

2. To perpetuate the species through sexual or germ cell fertilization
and reproduction.
Primary Function

3. The reproductive systems in both the male and female consist of
primary and secondary sex organs and sex glands.
Consists

4. Photo Credit: DoctorLib
reproductive organs that produce gametes and hormones

5. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

6. A female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are
produced

7. A fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the
lateral surface of the uterus

8. A thin fold of the parietal peritoneum which attaches
to the lateral margin of the ovary and extends to the
lateral pelvic sidewall

9. Holds the uterus in its normal position within the
pelvis and maintains the relationship of the fallopian
tubes to the ovaries and the uterus

10. Also known as oviducts or fallopian tubes, are the female
structures that transport the ova from the ovary to the
uterus each month.

12. The hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. Aka
the womb. Is where a fetus (unborn baby) develops and
grows.

13. •The fundus is the top of the uterus.
•The body is the main part of the uterus and
includes the uterine cavity.
•The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus.

14. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

15. The cervix acts as the door to the uterus which
sperm can travel through to fertilize eggs.
When your body is not carrying a child, your cervix helps keep unhealthy
things out of your body, like tampons and bath water.

16. A muscular canal lined with nerves and mucus
membranes. It connects the uterus and cervix to the
outside of the body

18. The external female genitalia (vulva) include:
•The opening of the vagina
• Labia majora and labia minora around the vagina.
• Clitoris

19. The rounded mass of fatty tissue lying over the joint
of the pubic bones

20. Entrance to the vagina

21. The vulva has 2 folds of
skin. The outer folds are
called the labia majora.
The inner folds are called
the labia minora. These
skin folds protect the
opening of the urethra
and the vagina.

22. A small, sensitive, erectile part of the female genitals at
the anterior end of the vulva.

24. AKA Skene Glands
(lesser vestibular glands)
are glands located around
the lower end of the
urethra. The glands are
surrounded by tissue that
swells with blood during
sexual arousal, and
secrete a fluid from
openings near the
urethra, particularly
during orgasm.(homologous to
the prostate glands in males)

25. AKA Bartholin's gland
They secrete mucus
to lubricate the
vagina during sexual
arousal.
They are homologous to bulbo-
urethral glands in males.

26. The internal genitalia include a three-part system of
ducts: the uterine tubes, the uterus, and the vagina.

27. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

28. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

29. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

30. Formation of egg cells (ova)
(ovaries) 15 - 30 years from start to finish
1 germ cell (oogonium) will produce :
1 ovum (egg) and 3 polar bodies (unviable eggs)

31. 1. Oogonia (2n) 2 million are formed in a
baby girl before birth!
Ovulation / meiosis: at the onset of puberty, FSH triggers a
few primary oocytes to progress
through meiosis every 28 days
4. 1 ovum (n) + 3 polar bodies (n) -
• The 1 ovum gets all the resources (cytoplasm, mitochondria) and may get
fertilized.
• The 3 polar bodies disintegrate.

32. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

33. Starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with
ovulation.
Prompted by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland releases
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). This hormone stimulates
the ovary to produce around five to 20 follicles, which bead
on the surface.

34. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

35. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

36. Photo Credit: Martini 11e
It occurs after ovulation and before menstruation
starts. During this time, the lining of the uterus
normally gets thicker to prepare for a possible
pregnancy.

37. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

39. This phase, which typically lasts from day 1 to 5, is
the time when the lining of the uterus is actually shed
out through the vagina if pregnancy has not
occurred.

40. • Menstruation is the monthly shedding of the lining of a
woman’s uterus.
• Aka - menses, menstrual period/cycle or period.
• The menstrual blood—which is partly blood and partly
tissue from the inside of the uterus—flows from the
uterus through the cervix and out of the body through
the vagina.

41. • Aka – the follicular phase
• Takes place from days 6 to 14
• The level of the hormone estrogen rises, which causes
the lining of the uterus (called the endometrium) to
grow and thicken.

42. • Aka – the luteal phase
• Takes place from days 15 to 28
• The corpus luteum secretes mainly progesterone and
some estrogen. The rise in hormones keeps the uterine
lining thick and ready for a fertilized egg to implant.

43. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

44. PMS symptoms can
begin any time after
ovulation (though
they typically begin
in the week before
the period) and last
until 5 or so days
after menstruation
begins.

45. A natural decline in reproductive hormones when a woman
reaches her 40s or 50s.
Menopause is signaled by 12 months since last
menstruation.

47. Hypothalamus – Secretes Gonadotropin – Releasing
Hormone (GnRH)
GnRH
Maintains levels
of FSH, LH and
testosterone
Photo Credit: Martini 11e

48. causes the pituitary gland
in the brain to make and
secrete the hormones
luteinizing hormone (LH)
and follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH).

49. Triggers enzymes to break down the wall of the follicle to
release the egg. Then it stimulates the follicle to form the
corpus luteum and produce progesterone.

50. FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary
before the release of an egg from one follicle at ovulation.

51. Estrogen levels rise during puberty. The increase leads to
secondary sex characteristics like breasts and changes in
overall body composition (like curves).

52. Estrogen plays a role in ovulation (when your ovaries release
an egg) and thickens the lining of your uterus
(endometrium) to prepare it for pregnancy. estrogen thins
your cervical mucus, a fluid sperm has to swim through to
reach and fertilize an egg.

54. 1. Secreted by the corpus luteum

55. 2. Prepares the endometrium for the potential of pregnancy
after ovulation. It triggers the lining to thicken to accept a
fertilized egg.
It also prohibits the muscle contractions in the uterus that
would cause the body to reject an egg.

56. 3. While the body is producing high levels of progesterone,
the body will not ovulate.

57. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

58. Photo Credit: Martini 11e

59. Photo Credit: Martini 11e