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UNIT 0. Studying the past.pdf
- 1. 1º ESO Geography and History UNIT 0. STUDYING THE PAST 1. THE STUDY OF THE MANKING Historians divide History into five stages: • PREHISTORY: From our first ancestors to de invention of writing (more or less 3000 years ago). • ANCIENT AGE: From invention of writing (more or less 3000 years ago)until the fall of Rome (476). • MIDDLE AGES: The Middle Ages took several centuries since the fall of Rome (476) to the discovery of America (1492). • MODERN AGE: Since the discovery of America (1492) until the French Revolution (1789). • CONTEMPORARY AGE: This stage is from the French Revolution (1789) to the present. 2. GROUPING DATES In Western culture, we divide history by the birth of Christ (year 1 BC because there is no year 0) • Before Christ = B.C. • After Christ = A.D. (Anno Domini – Latin for year of our lord) B.C. years count down to the birth of Christ, A.D. year
- 2. 1º ESO Geography and History A KEY TO REMEMBER To say a year, we normally split in two numbers 1492- 1492. In fourteen ninety-two Between 100 and 1000, we can either split in two numbers or say it as one number 711- 711 In seven eleven or in seven hundred and eleven For years between 2000 and 2009 and 1000 and 1009, we usually say one number 2005 In two thousand and five Historians like to put events that happened at around the same time into groups: • A decade is 10 years long • A century is 100 years long • A millenium is 1000 years long • An era or age is a long period of time, but it isn’t a particular number of years 3. HOW TO TRANSLATE YEARS INTO CENTURIES? When you want to convert years into centuries. you just drop the last two digits of the year and go up to the next number. This happened due to the range of years,from 1 to 100 ** is called the 1st century. Ex: 1212 13th century 1457 15th century 4. TYPES OF HISTORIC SOURCES: Historical sources are pieces of information that allow us to understand more about past. A) ORIGIN • PRIMARY SOURCE: It is one that provides original information on an event, topic, or era from that period. Crucially, the information has to be first-hand. Ex: buildings, tools, diaries, letters, interviews and photos
- 3. 1º ESO Geography and History DID YOU KNOW? Both primary and secondary sources were biased. Bias is a preference for or prejudice against something. It is important to compare and contrast different historical sources to get close to the truth. • SECONDARY SOURCE: source is a second-hand account of history. Usually, thet use primary sources, using these to build up a clearer picture of what actually happened. Ex: History books, biographies or historic novels B) TYPE OF EVIDENCE - ORAL TESTIMONIES: Traditional songs, radio broadcasts, interviews, recordings… - WRITTEN: Books, inscriptions, newspapers, documents... - VISUALS: Monuments, pictures, photos, buildings... - MATERIALS: Objects, pottery, jewellery… 5. TIMELINES Timelines helps us to show when things happen in history visually. They can show periods an individual events. The periods we choose depend on what we think are the most important events in history
- 4. 1º ESO Geography and History