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How wellbeing affects other valued objectives
- 1. How wellbeing affects other valued objectives Dr. Jan-Emmanuel De Neve University of Oxford 4 October 2017
- 2. Objective benefits of wellbeing: Health & longevity Income, productivity & organizational performance Individual & social behaviour Outline 2
- 3. Wellbeing matters: Philosophical rationale: Wellbeing is what citizens ultimately care about Political rationale: Raises government approval Economic rationale: Objective benefits of subjective wellbeing Happiness = smart policy
- 4. Health & longevity Physiological functioning Reduced inflammation Improved cardiovascular health, immune & endocrine systems Lower risk of heart disease Speed of recovery Healthy behaviours Longevity Survival and longevity 4
- 5. Proportion of individuals surviving by level of positive affect Notes: Figure from Steptoe and Wardle (2011). “Survival from affect assessment” is measured in months from initial interview where positive affect levels where reported. The English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing is a representative sample of older men and women living in England. Positive affect reported on a single day by individuals between 52 and 79 years old were used. Values are adjusted for age and sex. Respondents with the highest third of reported positive affect were 34% less likely to die over the period studied than those in the lowest positive affect group after controlling for demographic and health factors. Those in the high and medium positive affect groups had death rates of 3.6% and 4.6%, respectively, compared to 7.3% for the low positive affect group. Wellbeing impact on longevity
- 6. Income, productivity & organizational performance 6 Cognitive functioning Creativity and cognitive flexibility Focus and motivation Reduced absenteeism/presenteeism Productivity Approximately 12% productivity increase for basic interventions Organizational performance Cooperation and collaboration [note recruitment, motivation, retention] Labour market outcomes (e.g. income)
- 7. Benefits of happiness: Wellbeing is predictive of later earnings Source: De Neve and Oswald 2012
- 8. 8
- 9. Individual & social behaviour 9 Decision-making Longer-term time preferences and delayed gratification Reduced consumption & increased savings Reduced risk-taking
- 10. Happiness and seatbelt usage Source: De Neve et al. 2014 Benefits of happiness: traffic safety
- 11. Benefits of happiness: traffic safety Happiness and later traffic accidents Source: De Neve et al. 2014
- 12. Individual & social behaviour 12 Decision-making Longer-term time preferences and delayed gratification Reduced consumption & increased savings Reduced risk-taking Pro-social behaviour Charitable giving and volunteering Social interactions and relationship quality
- 13. Model of positive feedback loop between prosocial spending and happiness Notes: Figure from Aknin, Dunn and Norton (2012). The model posits that prosocial spending promotes happiness and, in turn, happiness improves the probability of future prosocial spending. Wellbeing and social behaviour
- 14. (c) Mari Sako, Oxford University 2013 14
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Editor's Notes
- In three different styles of experiment, randomly selected individuals are made happier either through the use of a short (10 minute) comedy clip or through the provision of drinks and snacks. We check that these methods make the subjects happier (they do) and then go on to show that these individuals have approximately 12% greater productivity than a control group. A fourth experiment studies major real-world shocks (bereavement and family illness) and the impact this has on current productivity. Lower happiness is systematically associated with lower productivity. This effect lasts for approximately 2 years. These different forms of evidence, with complementary strengths and weaknesses, are consistent with the existence of a causal link between human well-being and human performance.