12. DIVERSITY
Diversity is an essential part of
collaboration
How can diversity become a source
of challenges ?
12
13. COLLABORATION and
ADAPTIVE Leadership
• Collaboration on technical problems
• Collaboration on adaptive challenges
• Adapt our own behaviour
• ‘Victims’ have to adapt too
13
14. COMMON PURPOSE
• Common Purpose has 3 key components:
– its occurrence within groups
– its presence in shared visions, aims,
and values
– and its role in working with others.
14
16. COMMON PURPOSE
Vision, Aims, Values
Definitions
• Vision: What is the group’s ideal
future?
• Aims: Why does the group exist?
• Values: How do group members
agree to treat themselves and
each other
16
17. COMMON PURPOSE
• Consensus - Method of group decision-
making in which all group members have had
the opportunity to voice their concerns and
are comfortable enough with the decision to
support its implementation, regardless of
whether all or most group members fully
agree with the decision
17
22. • Were you happy with your choices?
• What are your feelings about the 2 top
priority ones and the selection process?
• Do you think you did justice to the two
selected issues?
• What is the difference between being
‘proactive’ and being ‘reactive’?
• How well informed are you about the
issues
• What have you found out about the
issues discussed since last week? 22
25. What is a system?
A system is any group of interacting,
interrelated, or interdependent parts
that form a complex and unified
whole that has a specific purpose
25
26. Characteristics of a
System
• All parts must be present for a system
to carry out its purpose optimally
– Car without its spark plugs?
The car doesn’t work
26
27. Feedback
• Systems attempt to maintain stability
through feedback
• Feedback provides information to the
system that lets it know how it is doing
relative to some desired state
27
28. Why Systems Thinking?
"Systems thinking is a discipline for
seeing wholes. It is a framework for
seeing interrelationships rather than
things, for seeing patterns of change
rather than static 'snapshots'...."
Peter Senge, The Fifth Discipline
28
32. The Education System Parental
involvement
Reward and Social Values/
Recognition/ Content
Objectives
Sanctions
Educational Methodology
Teachers’ Objectives
performance
School
Training Management Learning
Evaluation Outcome
Corrective
Teacher measures Assessment
training
33. COMMON PURPOSE
Vision, Aims, Values
Definitions
• Vision: ideal future
• Aims: Why does it exist ?
• Values: How do members agree to
treat themselves and each other
33
34. Education in its broadest, general
sense is the means through which the
aims and habits of a group of people
lives on from one generation to the next.
Generally, it occurs through any
experience that has a formative effect
on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. 34
35. In its narrow, technical sense, education
is the formal process by which society
deliberately transmits its accumulated
knowledge, skills, customs and values
from one generation to another, e.g.,
schooling
35
36. Aims of Education - 1
Contribute to society
Fulfill personal talents
Fulfill civic responsibilities
Carry tradition forward
36
37. Aims of Education - 2
Provide the engine for economic
growth
Provide a workforce with necessary
basic 'academic' skills
Provide individuals with opportunity,
enlightenment and knowledge (beyond
work / occupation)
37
38. The Education System Parental
involvement
Reward and Social Values/
Recognition/ Content
Objectives
Sanctions
Educational Methodology
Teachers’ Objectives
performance
School
Training Management Learning
Evaluation Outcome
Corrective
Teacher measures Assessment
training
41. OBJECTIVES OF SESSION 5
• By the end of this session,
participants will be able to:
– Understand the differences between
conflict and controversy.
– Engage in meaningful dialogue and
include it in the process of controversy.
– Feel comfortable voicing one’s opinion
and take into consideration the opinions of
others.
43. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
Controversy with civility challenges
group participants to discuss diverse
opinions and perspectives, while
maintaining respect for those sharing
other views
44. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
• Controversy – involves differing opinions,
but positions are not staked out.
Controversy draws everyone together to
discuss differing perspectives.
• Civility – voicing disagreement and
responding to disagreement from others in a
way that respects others’ points of view.
Civility can be a value, an attitude, or a
behavior.
45. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
Key concepts: Conflict v/s Controversy
• Conflict – opposition in nature, conflict
draws a line with people taking one side or
another.
• Conflict builds opposing sides and seeks to
convert members to one side. It is
oppositional in nature.
• Controversy allows for sharing and
considering multiple points of view before
coming to a group decision.
46. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
Key concepts: Dialogue v/s Debate
• Dialogue – coming to a shared meaning or
new understanding, engaging for everyone to
understand an issue better.
• Debate – opposing sides trying to show the
other side as wrong with the goal of winning
the argument.
Defense of position and challenging of other
viewpoints are evidenced.
47. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
Key concepts: Worldview
• Worldview – perspectives (or frames of
reference) that impact an individual’s
approach to any situation..
• It depends on one’s
– gender view
– racial or ethnic view
– religion, and other cultural contexts or heritages,
48. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
Worldview
• A person’s worldview, or frame of
reference, determines what perspectives
they bring to the group.
• Members of a group must be aware of and
respect each other’s worldviews in order
to pursue their common purpose.
49. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
Worldview
• What other factors influence an
individual’s worldview?
• Is it possible to change one’s worldview?
• Can 2 persons have the same worldview?
• Are disagreements ‘normal’?
>> It is all about how disagreements are
dealt with
50. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
Positive and Negative Controversy
• Positive controversy comes from group
members’ differences in values and ideas.
• Negative controversy comes from such
group flaws as a lack of decision-making
processes or unresolved prior
disagreements.
51. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
When absent, we see that
• Those who disagree are treated as:
– Disloyal
– Less intelligent
– Negative
• People avoid disagreeing openly
• Less Collaboration, Common Purpose?
• Less Commitment
52. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
Working towards it : Trust
• Group members must trust that the other
members of the group will respect their
opinion, whether or not they agree.
• Group members must trust that the process
of controversy with civility, although it calls
for vulnerability, will help the group arrive at
a better decision.
53. CONTROVERSY
WITH CIVILITY
Working towards it : Dialogue
• Dialogue engages each differing point of
view
• Dialogue seeks to bring everyone to a
shared understanding of the issue.
• Dialogue encourages individuals to
examine what underlies their
assumptions.
