science

2. We see lots of things around us that are made up of different kinds of
materials . This things are basically made up of material which is
named as “Matter”. Simply to say “Matter” is anything which occupies
space and has mass.

3. Matter is classified on the base of their structure and physical
properties they possess. Matter are of five types namely:
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
 Plasma
 BEC(Bose-Einstein condensate)

4. Solidsis one of the typesof the Matter. The molecules in solid are
closely packedtogether and contain least amount of kinetic
energy. The inter-molecular force of attraction is maximumin
solids. Examples of solid are cars, bikes etc.

5. Liquids are made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atom,
held together by inter-molecular bonds. Like gas, liquids are able to
flow and take the shape of a container. Most liquids resist
compression, although others can be compressed. The inter-
molecular interaction of Liquids is moderate. And it is the only form
of matter which has definite volume but indefinite shape.

6. The type of matter which do not have definite shape and definite volume is
called as Gas. A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms, elemental
molecules made from one type of atom, or compound molecules made from
variety of atoms. A gas mixture, such as air, contains a variety of pure gases.
The particles of gas move randomly in free spaces. The force of attraction
between particles in gas is least and space between particles will be
maximum.

7.  Plasma- Plasma is a type of matter which is formed when the
temperature is increased to its maximum. Examples of plasma are
neon bulbs, tubelights etc.
 BEC- In 1920, Satyendra Nath Bose had done some calculations for
fifth state of matter. Based on his calculations, Albert Einstein
predicted a new state of matter. BEC was formed by a cooling a gas of
extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousandth the density of
normal air, to super low temperatures.

9.  Melting- Ice into water, Melting of candle......
 Solidification- Water into ice, Solidification of melted candle wax......
 Condensation- Water vapour into water, Droplets on can or bottle.....
 Sublimation- Room fresheners in toilets....
 Deposition- When frost forms on leaf...
 Vaporization- Water into Water vapour, Process of sweating.......

10.  Latent Heat means the heat that is hidden while there is a change in
the phase.
 LATENT HEAT OF FUSSION- This kind of heat can be observed when
there is a phase change in between solid to liquid. If 1kg of solid is
considered then the heat required to completely change the particular
solid into liquid is called as latent heat of fussion. For example:-We
can consider ice changing into water.

11. IF 1 kg of liquid is considered then the total amount of heat
required to convert that particular liquid into gaseous state is known
as latent heat of vaporization.
This means there will be a process of condensation in between liquid and
gas.
We can consider the example of water which after heating will change the
phase from liquid to gas.

12. Evaporation:- The phenomenon of change liquid state into gaseous
state is called as Evaporation. Dryingclothes in the sun is one of
the most common examples of evaporation. The water present in
the clothes when they are washed (and hung on the line) is
removed by the evaporation process.

13. Boiling is the rapidvaporization of a liquid, which occurs when a
liquid is heated to its boiling point. A good example of boiling is
seen when water is heated until it formssteam. The boiling point
of fresh water at sea level is 212°F (100°C). The bubbles that form
in the water contain the vapor phase of water, which is steam.

14. Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness expressed in
terms of any of several scales, including Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Temperature indicates the direction in which heat energy will
spontaneously flow—i.e., from a hotter body (one at a higher
temperature) to a colder body (one at a lower temperature).

15.  Matter
 Types of Matter
 Change of states in Matter
 Latent Heat which includes Latent Heat of Fussion as well as
Latent Heat of Vaporization.
 Process of Evaporation
 Process of Boiling
 Temperature

16. THANK
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