FSC PART 1 BOOK 3

1. W.H AUDEN
1. 21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973
2. Playwright, critic and poet
3. He was an ANGLO-AMERICAN POET
4. He is considered one of the finest English
5. or American poets and one of the best
6. poets of the 20th century
7. He is an EXEMPLARY POET OF MODERNISM
8. along with T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound
9. MORAL ISSUES IN POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND
10. PSYCHOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
11. Famous for INTELLECT AND WIT
12. Called ANTI-ROMANTIC
13. He is famous for his BOLD AND
14. LYRICAL TREATMENT OF CONTEMPORARY
15. ISSUES OF HUMANITY
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

2. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
HORSE RIDER…..?
QUALITIES ?

3. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
READER…..?
QUALITIES ?

4. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. “O WHERE ARE YOU GOING?” SAID
READER TO RIDER,
2. “THAT VALLEY IS FATAL WHEN
FURNACES BURN,
3. YONDER’S THE MIDDEN WHOSE
ODOURS WILL MADDEN.
4. THAT GAP IS THE GRAVE WHERE THE
TALL RETURN.
5. Fatal: lethal, deadly, mortal, causing
death, killing, destructive,
6. Yonder: away, distanced
7. Midden: dunghill or pile of refuse
8. Odour: smell, scent, perfume,
fragrance, stink, bouquet, aroma, whiff,
9. Gap: distance
10.Tall: great, courageous, brave

5. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. “O DO YOU IMAGINE,” SAID FEARER TO
FARER,
2. “THAT DUSK WILL DELAY ON YOUR
PATH TO THE PASS,
3. YOUR DILIGENT LOOKING DISCOVER
THE LACKING
4. YOUR FOOTSTEPS FEEL FROM
GRANITE TO GRASS?”
5. Dusk : twilight, evening, nightfall,
sunset, dark, gloom, obscurity
6. Delay on : persist, stay, prolong
7. Lacking : deficient, wanting, needing,
missing, inadequate,
8. Granite to grass : metaphor, difficulties
and easiness

6. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. “O WHAT WAS THAT BIRD,” SAID
HORROR TO HEARER,
2. “DID YOU SEE THAT SHAPE IN THE
TWISTED TREES?
3. BEHIND YOU SWIFTLY THE FIGURE
COMES SOFTLY,
4. THE SPOT ON YOUR SKIN IS A
SHOCKING DISEASE?”
5. Horror: terror, fear, alarm, panic, dread,
dismay, awe, fright,
6. Shape : ghost, apparition, spirit
7. Swiftly : quick, immediate, prompt,
rapid, instant, abrupt, ready,
8. Shocking: terrible, appalling, dreadful,
frightful,

7. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. “OUT OF THIS HOUSE” – SAID RIDER
TO READER,
2. “YOURS NEVER WILL” – SAID FARER TO
FEARER,
3. “THEY’RE LOOKING FOR YOU” – SAID
HEARER TO HORROR,
4. AS HE LEFT THEM THERE, AS HE LEFT
THEM THERE.
5. Farer: brave, courageous, dauntless

8. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. Ballad poem
2. Folk tradition of 18th and 19th century
3. Musical lyrics
4. Written in quatrain
5. Rhyming scheme is ABCB
6. Dialogue between two imaginary
persons
7. Reader and other rider
8. Represent two opposite worlds
9. Show two types of human philosophy
10.Characterized by bravery
11.EVERY DAY IS A NEW DAY.
HEMINGWAY
12.Featured by cowardice
13.Start with a question
14.Provide the universal meaning and
conflict
15.Reflect human life with confrontation
and conflicts
16.Coward, lazy, pessimistic and man of
words
17.Brave, challenging, optimistic, and
risky
18.HOPE IS THE THING WITH FEATHERS
THAT PERCHES IN THE SOUL -. EMILY
DICKINSON
20.Want to see the world with practical
eyes
21.Surprised at the rider’s adventurous
attitude
22.Forbid him and remind him of
difficulties
23.Challenges of life symbolically
24.“LIFE IS WHAT YOU MAKE IT. ALWAYS
HAS BEEN, ALWAYS WILL BE.”
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
“O WHERE ARE YOU GOING?” SAID
READER TO RIDER,
1. Use archaic/old word O
2. Make the poem echo throughout time
3. Address the rider about his adventure
4. Indicate
5. Undertaking a journey
6. Represent the opposite and hostile
forces
7. Wet blanket who has negative view of
life
8. Pessimistic and hopeless
9. IT'S SILLY NOT TO HOPE. IT'S A SIN
HE THOUGHT
10.WHAT DOES THE TITLE OF THE POEM
SIGNIFY?

9. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. “THAT VALLEY IS FATAL WHEN FURNACES
BURN,
1. Frighten the rider of the journey
2. Full of hardships and challenges
3. There are furnaces
4. Cause death
5. Dangerous valley
6. Use alliteration of FATAL AND
FURNACE
7. Stress the two words
8. Also Biblical valley
9. Eternal fire
10.Frighten man from the valley of hell
2. YONDER’S THE MIDDEN WHOSE ODOURS
WILL MADDEN.
1. Also use an archaic/old word
2. Mean far away, at distance
3. Understand fears at distance
4. Fearful and coward
5. COWARDS DIE MANY TIMES BEFORE
THEIR DEATHS THE VALIANT NEVER
TASTE OF DEATH BUT ONCE.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE,
6. Tell the rider
7. Heaps of dunghill/waste
8. Emit bad smell
9. Can madden human mind
10.Use alliteration of MIDDEN AND
MADDEN
3. THAT GAP IS THE GRAVE WHERE THE TALL
RETURN.
1. Long journey
2. Use alliteration of GRAVE AND GAP
3. Two meanings
4. Serious problems
5. Mean the long and difficult journey
6. Give him the examples of others
7. Cause the failure of many healthy and
powerful people
8. Fearful because he is a coward
9. HE WHO IS NOT COURAGEOUS
ENOUGH TO TAKE RISKS WILL
ACCOMPLISH NOTHING IN LIFE.
MUHAMMAD ALI
10.WHAT IS GAP IN THE POEM?

10. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. “O DO YOU IMAGINE,” SAID FEARER TO
FARER,
1. Label two names to
2. Frighten himself and create the
atmosphere of horror
3. Fearless and never take care of
challenges
4. Afraid of death
5. Not afraid of hardships
6. Continue struggle until his last breath
7. Believe that human life is continuous
struggle
8. “ FORTUNE FAVORS THE BRAVE.”
TERENCE,
9. But, think of difficulties
10.Man of past
11.Look towards the dark aspects of life
12.Act on the principle of “do or die”
13.Remain idle at his house
14.Doesn’t cross the boundary of his
house
2. “THAT DUSK WILL DELAY ON YOUR PATH
TO THE PASS,
1. Warn of the darkness on the way
2. Use alliteration of PATH AND PASS
3. Darkness of failure and death
4. Symbol of apprehensions and fears
5. Add up the fears of the valley
3. YOUR DILIGENT LOOKING DISCOVER THE
LACKING
1. Intimate the rider
2. Will be fruitless
3. Will end in smoke
4. Frighten the rider of failure on the way
4. YOUR FOOTSTEPS FEEL FROM GRANITE TO
GRASS?”
1. Difficult journey
2. Threaten him
3. Uneven and tough journey
4. Mountains and fields on the way
5. Symbols of ups and downs
6. Symbol of the journey of life
7. Use alliteration of GRANITE AND
GRASS
5. WITH WHAT NAMES DOES THE POET
ADDRESS THE OPTIMIST AND PESSIMIST?
6. OR WHAT IS THE PERSONIFICATION OF THE
READER AND RIDER?
7. WHAT ARE THE NAMES GIVEN TO THE
READER AND RIDER?
8. QUALITIES OF BOTH

11. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. “O WHAT WAS THAT BIRD,” SAID HORROR
TO HEARER,
1. Mention a bird
2. Symbolic
3. Show difficulties and challenges
4. Also increase uncertainty
5. Unknown nature of bird
6. Use HORROR for the reader and
HEARER for the rider
7. Man of action
8. Speak less
9. Man of words
10.Speak much but act a little
11.BUT DO NOT FEAR THEM-FEAR ME IF
YOU ARE BELIEVERS. (SURAH AL
'IMRAN, 175)
12. “DID YOU SEE THAT SHAPE IN THE
TWISTED TREES?
13.Horrify the rider
14.Indicate the presence of a shape
15.May be a spirit of some ghost
16.Give the aspect of dark romanticism
17.Make the atmosphere horrific
18.Also twisted trees
19.Increase the sense of ambiguity and
suspense
20.Make things mysterious by imagining
things
2. BEHIND YOU SWIFTLY THE FIGURE COMES
SOFTLY,
1. Mention the movement of the spirit
2. Follow the rider softly and quickly
3. Symbolize the dangers
4. Approaching the rider quickly
5. Again make the poem mysterious by
using figure
3. THE SPOT ON YOUR SKIN IS A SHOCKING
DISEASE?”
1. Indicate a spot on the skin
2. Indication of a shocking disease
3. Unknown and mysterious disease
4. Use the alliteration of SPOT AND SKIN
5. Continuously use S sound
6. Show the creeping death towards the
rider
7. WHAT ARE THE HARDSHIPS OF THE
JOURNEY?
8. DESCRIBE THE JOURNEY.
9. WHAT ARE THE DANGERS INDICATED
BY THE READER?

12. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. “OUT OF THIS HOUSE” – SAID RIDER TO
READER,
1. Respond to the reader
2. Mostly remain silent
3. Rebuke him for his cowardice
4. Live in the house just like women
5. EITHER LIFE ENTAILS COURAGE, OR IT
CEASES TO BE LIFE.E. M. FORSTER
2. “YOURS NEVER WILL” – SAID FARER TO
FEARER,
1. Criticize the reader
2. Man of words
3. Tell him that the path of glory and
success is devised by man
4. No royal road to success
5. People like the reader remain behind
6. Cant face the difficulties of life
7. YOU ARE YOUR BEST THING
3. “THEY’RE LOOKING FOR YOU” – SAID
HEARER TO HORROR,
1. Elaborate the philosophy of diligence
and courage
2. Invite the reader to face the challenges
3. Challenging for man
4. Real test of man’s resolution and
perseverance
5. “THERE IS SOME GOOD IN THIS
WORLD, AND IT'S WORTH FIGHTING
FOR.”
6. Should be ambitious and hardworking
4. AS HE LEFT THEM THERE, AS HE LEFT
THEM THERE.
1. Leave the reader and move forward
2. Never discouraged
3. Make his way through thick and thin
4. Understand the reality of success
5. BUT MAN IS NOT MADE FOR DEFEAT.
HEMINGWAY
QUESTIONS:
1. WHAT KIND OF FEELINGS DOES THE POET
CREATE IN THE MINDS OF THE READERS?
WHAT TYPE OF POEM IS THIS? WHAT IS
THE THEME OF THE POEM?
WHAT DO YOU FEEL AFTER READING THE
POEM?

13. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. WHAT KIND OF FEELINGS DOES THE
POET CREATE IN THE MINDS OF THE
READERS?
The poet creates the realization that
cowards die many times before death.
They face the hardships of life bravely
and manly. There are many hostile
forces on the way but success always
goes to those who put aside all the
fears and apprehensions.
1. WITH WHAT NAMES DOES THE POET
ADDRESS THE OPTIMIST AND
PESSIMIST? OR WHAT IS THE
PERSONIFICATION OF THE READER
AND RIDER? WHAT ARE THE NAMES
GIVEN TO THE READER AND RIDER?
QUALITIES OF BOTH
Courage and ambitiousness are
personified as the rider while
cowardice is personified as the reader.
The rider is risky and brave and is
ready to face challenges while the
reader is fearful and frightens the
rider. The poet uses the words of
horror and fearer for the reader while
farer and hearer for the rider
1. WHAT TYPE OF POEM IS THIS? WHAT
IS THE THEME OF THE POEM?
It is a didactic poem with universal
conflict of two approaches of life. One
believes in optimistic acceptance of
difficulties while the other has an
apprehensive and pessimistic view. It
teaches us that we should face
hardships manly.
1. WHAT DO YOU FEEL AFTER READING
THE POEM?
I feel that the way of success is
uncertain, ambiguous and full of
challenges. Fate is blurred. Thus, man
should pave his way with hard work,
courage and bravery. We should carry
on ignoring fears.
1. WHAT DOES THE TITLE OF THE POEM
SIGNIFY?
The title signifies that it is a dialogue
between two imaginary person. One of
them is going for some expedition
while other is shocked and fearful. So,
he asks the other and frightens him of
the hardships of the journey.
1. WHAT ARE THE HARDSHIPS OF THE
JOURNEY? OR DESCRIBE THE
JOURNEY. OR WHAT ARE THE
DANGERS INDICATED BY THE
READER? OR WHAT IS GAP IN THE
POEM?
The journey is full of trials and
hardships. It has long distance which
is full of challenges. It has maddening
smell of dunghill, the fear of a
shocking disease, a ghost, the
darkness of gloom and failure and
uneven journey. It is the symbol of
human life which has ups and downs.

14. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. The poem is in ballad form which was a
typical form for the 18th-19th century.
2. It is a folk traditional form.
3. A ballad form suggest that the poem has
musical lyrics.
4. In this poem, the poet pays tributes to
human spirit and courage.
5. This poem is a dialogue between two
imaginary persons
6. It is a dialectic between the active and
the passive personalities
7. They are personified as a reader and a
rider
8. The first person is a reader who is a
symbol of cowardice
9. while the other person is a rider who is
a symbol of bravery and courage
10.The rider is a bold and courageous and
ambitious person
11.He wants to make his way through thick
and thin.
12.“LIFE IS WHAT YOU MAKE IT. ALWAYS
HAS BEEN, ALWAYS WILL BE.”
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
13.He is going to some adventure
14.This is the symbol of courage and
perseverance
15.He believes that EVERY DAY IS A NEW
DAY. HEMINGWAY
16.The poet contrasts him to the reader
who is passive
17.He represents cowardice and pessimism
18.COWARDS DIE MANY TIMES BEFORE
THEIR DEATHS THE VALIANT NEVER
TASTE OF DEATH BUT ONCE.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE,
19.Both they represent two aspects and
approaches to life
20.He is full of awe and reverence
21.The reader frightens the rider that the
valley beyond is full of dangers
22.HE WHO IS NOT COURAGEOUS ENOUGH
TO TAKE RISKS WILL ACCOMPLISH
NOTHING IN LIFE. MUHAMMAD ALI
23.He tells him about the heaps of dung
and rubbish
24.It sickens and maddens the human mind
25.There are is a ghost on the way and the
fear of a shocking disease
26.All these things represent the
difficulties of the journey and opposite
forces to man’s success

15. O WHERE AREYOU GOING
1. The reader is coward and fearful
2. He discourages the traveler from going
farther and farther but
3. He doesn’t believe in fears
4. He knows, “ FORTUNE FAVORS THE
BRAVE.” TERENCE,
5. The way to glory and success is vague
and uncertain
6. It can be paved through with courage
and perseverance
7. It gives us the Islamic message as: BUT
DO NOT FEAR THEM-FEAR ME IF YOU
ARE BELIEVERS. (SURAH AL 'IMRAN,
175)
8. The poem brings the picture of the
human life
9. It is full of trials and difficulties shown
through a fatal valley, furnaces,
dunghill, long distance of the journey,
darkness, ghosts and a shocking
disease
10.Man should continue his journey with
hope and determination
11.EITHER LIFE ENTAILS COURAGE, OR IT
CEASES TO BE LIFE.E. M. FORSTER
12.Hope and courage drive us through
difficult odds
13.HOPE IS THE THING WITH FEATHERS
THAT PERCHES IN THE SOUL -. EMILY
DICKINSON
14.The reader may represent the mother
who is fearful of the future of her child
but child leaves his mother and
undertakes the journey of life
15.The child knows that journey of life
doesn’t need any act of cowardice
rather it is going through the root of the
challenges.
16.THE BEST WAY OUT IS ALWAYS
THROUGH.
ROBERT FROST
17.The poet uses quatrain with rhyming
scheme of ABCB
18.There is the use of alliteration of 'fatal'
and 'furnaces‘, 'gap' and 'grave‘, 'dusk'
and 'delay‘, 'path to the pass‘,
twisted trees, swiftly, softly, spot, skin
19.The poet uses archaic, old words to
create the special effects of ambiguity
and past
20.Moreover, it conveys that this poem is
for all the ages.