BOOK - LESSON FOR STUDENTS IN ARCHITECTURE

1. LESSON FOR STUDENTSIN ARCHITECTURE
HERMAN HERTZBERGER
5 B ARCH B
ARC551
ALTERING LANDSCAPE AND
INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
AXEL JOEL
GATIKH MANUTHODHIYIL
PRAJWAL G
ANKIT S
ANHAL MUHAMMED

2. LESSONFORSTUDENTSINARCHITECTURE
HERMAN HERTZBERGER
5 B ARCH B
ARC551
ALTERING LANDSCAPE AND
INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
AXEL JOEL
GATIKH MANUTHODHIYIL
PRAJWAL G
ANKIT S
ANHAL MUHAMMED

3. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• Herman Hertzberger is a Dutch architect, and a professor
emeritus of the Delft University of Technology. In 2012 he
received the RoyalGold Medal of the RoyalInstitute of British
Architects.
• He completed his studies at the Delft University of Technology
in 1958, where he was a professor from 1970 to 1999.
ABOUT THE BOOK
• Herman Hertzberger's Lessons for Students in
Architecture was first published in 1991, as an
elaborated version of lectures he had given since 1973
at Delft University of Technology. It presents a broad
spectrum of subjects and designs, with practical
experience and evaluation of the use of these buildings
.

4. INDEX
1. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
2. TERRITORIAL CLAIMS
3. TERRITORIALDIFFERENTIATION
4. TERRITORIALJOINING
5. FROM USER TO DWELLER
6. THE IN BETWEEN
7. PRIVATE CLAIMS AND PUBLIC SPACES
8. PUBLIC WORKS CONCEPT
9. THE STREET
10. PUBLIC DOMAIN
11. PUBLIC SPACE AS CONSTRUCTED ENVIRONMENT
12. PUBLIC ACCESSIBILITY OF PRIVATE SPACE

5. 1. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
o Public in spatial term referredas collective
and private as individual.
o The differencebetweenprivateand public
spaces are determinedby
-accessibility
-responsibility
-relationbetweenprivate property
-specific spatial units .

6. 2. TERRITORIAL CLAIMS
• A space conceived as privatespace or public space is determinedby
1)degree of accessibility
2)respective responsibilities
• Eg: in a school, eachclassroom is private, whereasthe communal
hall turns out to be public
• Literature study: streetsand dwelling,Bali....the roomsof many
dwellingson Bali are often separate ........there is a courtyard which
maybe entered through the gate.....though it is the same dwelling ,
dwelling units such as kitchen area ,sleeping quarters etc are
separate
• And it is less easily accessible

7. 2. TERRITORIAL CLAIMS
• A space conceived as privatespace or public space is determinedby
1)degree of accessibility
2)respective responsibilities
• Eg: in a school, eachclassroom is private, whereasthe communal
hall turns out to be public
• Literature study: streetsand dwelling,Bali....the roomsof many
dwellingson Bali are often separate ........there is a courtyard which
maybe entered through the gate.....though it is the same dwelling ,
dwelling units such as kitchen area ,sleeping quarters etc are
separate
• And it is less easily accessible

8. 2. TERRITORIAL CLAIMS
• A space conceived as privatespace or public space is determinedby
1)degree of accessibility
2)respective responsibilities
• Eg: in a school, eachclassroom is private, whereasthe communal
hall turns out to be public
• Literature study: streetsand dwelling,Bali....the roomsof many
dwellingson Bali are often separate ........there is a courtyard which
maybe entered through the gate.....though it is the same dwelling ,
dwelling units such as kitchen area ,sleeping quarters etc are
separate
• And it is less easily accessible

9. 2. TERRITORIAL CLAIMS
• A space conceived as privatespace or public space is determinedby
1)degree of accessibility
2)respective responsibilities
• Eg: in a school, eachclassroom is private, whereasthe communal
hall turns out to be public
• Literature study: streetsand dwelling,Bali....the roomsof many
dwellingson Bali are often separate ........there is a courtyard which
maybe entered through the gate.....though it is the same dwelling ,
dwelling units such as kitchen area ,sleeping quarters etc are
separate
• And it is less easily accessible

10. 2. TERRITORIAL CLAIMS
• A space conceived as privatespace or public space is determinedby
1)degree of accessibility
2)respective responsibilities
• Eg: in a school, eachclassroom is private, whereasthe communal
hall turns out to be public
• Literature study: streetsand dwelling,Bali....the roomsof many
dwellingson Bali are often separate ........there is a courtyard which
maybe entered through the gate.....though it is the same dwelling ,
dwelling units such as kitchen area ,sleeping quarters etc are
separate
• And it is less easily accessible

11. 3. TERRITORIALDIFFERENTIATION
• By marking the gradationof public accessibility of differentareas & partsof building inground plan
territorial differentiationis obtained

12. 4. TERRITORIALJOINING
1. The character of eacharea willdepend onto a large extent on who determinesthe furnishing and
arrangement of a space
2. It is essential for the designer to be fullyaware of the followingfactors intheir
proper gradations :
•Accessibility
•Territorialclaims
•Organizationof maintenance and division of responsibilities
3. So ,by reorganizing/moving to Newbuilding alwaysprovides the chance ofgiving the
different spacial responsibilities.
architectsare in a position where theycan contribute to improving the environment
and further development.

13. 5. FROM USER TO DWELLER
• 1. Theconcept ofprivate and public space can be understood that in which areasthe
users/inhabitants can maketheir owncontribution to the design of the environment and whereit is
less relevant
• 2. The concept of safe nest is the familiarsurroundings in whichwe knowthat our things are safe and
where you canconcentrate without disturbance.

15. 6. THE IN BETWEEN
• 1. Theconcept of‘in between’ knownasthe threshold
whichprovides transition and connection to two different
areas.
• 2. Threshold asan in-betweenmeanscreating a welcome
and farewelland istherefore the transition into
architectonic termsof hospitality.
• Conditions for privacy and conditions for maintaining
social contacts withothers are equallynecessary . Thus
entrance , porches , and manyother formsof inbetween
spaces provide anopportunity for accommodation.

16. 7. PRIVATE CLAIMS AND PUBLIC SPACES
• The in-betweenconcept is the keyto eliminating the sharp division betweenareaswithdifferent
territorial claims.The point istherefore to create intermediaryspaces which, although onthe
administrative level belonging to either the privateor the public domain, are equally accessible to
bothsides, that isto say that it iswholly acceptableto both the 'other' makesuse of them.

17. 8. PUBLIC WORK CONCEPT
• The point is to give public spaces form insuch a way that the local communitywill feelpersonally
responsible for them,so that eachmemberof the community willcontribute inhis or her ownwayto
anenvironment that he or she canrelate to and can identifywith.
• It isthe great paradox ofthe collectivewelfareconcept, asit has developed hand inhand withthe
idealsof socialism, that actually makepeople subordinate to the very system that hasbeen set up to
liberate them.

18. 9.The street
• Beyond our front door or gardengate begins a world wehave
little to do with,a world upon whichwe canexert hardly any
influence. There isa growing feelingthat the worldbeyond the
front door is a hostile world ofvandalism and aggression,
where wefeel threatened rather than athome. Yet to takethis
widespread feeling asthe point ofdeparture for urbanplanning
would be fatal.
• Surely it is farbetter to go back to the optimistic and utopian
concept of the 'reconquered street', whichwe could see so
clearly beforeus less than twodecadesago the street isagain
conceived as whatit must have beenoriginally, namelyasthe
place where.social contact betweenlocal residents canbe
established

19. 9.The street
• Beyond our front door or gardengate begins a world wehave
little to do with,a world upon whichwe canexert hardly any
influence. There isa growing feelingthat the worldbeyond the
front door is a hostile world ofvandalism and aggression,
where wefeel threatened rather than athome. Yet to takethis
widespread feeling asthe point ofdeparture for urbanplanning
would be fatal.
• Surely it is farbetter to go back to the optimistic and utopian
concept of the 'reconquered street', whichwe could see so
clearly beforeus less than twodecadesago the street isagain
conceived as whatit must have beenoriginally, namelyasthe
place where.social contact betweenlocal residents canbe
established

20. 9.The street
• Beyond our front door or gardengate begins a world wehave
little to do with,a world upon whichwe canexert hardly any
influence. There isa growing feelingthat the worldbeyond the
front door is a hostile world ofvandalism and aggression,
where wefeel threatened rather than athome. Yet to takethis
widespread feeling asthe point ofdeparture for urbanplanning
would be fatal.
• Surely it is farbetter to go back to the optimistic and utopian
concept of the 'reconquered street', whichwe could see so
clearly beforeus less than twodecadesago the street isagain
conceived as whatit must have beenoriginally, namelyasthe
place where.social contact betweenlocal residents canbe
established

21. 10. THE PUBLIC DOMAIN
• Ifthe houses come under privatedomain, thenthe street
is the public domain. Thestreet wasa placemeant for
actions, revolution, celebrations and many morewhich
has beenlike that through the years. Withrespect to
urban space, weshould ask ourselves how it functions,
for whom,by whomand for whatpurpose. When a street
strikes us asbeautiful it is not just because of its
dimensions but also because of the way it functions within
our city.

22. 11. PUBLIC SPACE AS A CONSTRUCTEDENVIRONMENT
• Until the nineteenth century, fewbuildings were public, and evennor completelyso. Acouple of
building that wereconsidered public backthen werechurch, temples,mosques, universities, etc
whichwasstill subjected to certainrestriction imposed by the owners. Buildings that weredeveloped
inthe period are examplesfromwhich wecanlearn the architectural and spatial meansto makea
building moreinviting and hospitable. The industrial revolution introduced a widemass marketsuch
aspublic structures namelyrailways,exhibitions, etc.

23. 12. PUBLIC ACCESSIBILITYOF PRIVATE SPACE
• Public building and structures which are accessible to everyone are not permanently openand will
alwayshave timingsand schedules that are followed.Such buildings to imply a fundamentaland
considerable expansion of the public world. Conceptsthat consists of glass roof givesthe feelingof
aninterior :Thus they are ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ at the same time.

24. TAKEAWAY FROM THE BOOK
• Herman Hertzberger's Lesson explores the practical applications ofpublic and private space usage
incontemporary architectural design and urban planning. The bookemphasizes the importance of
creating spaces that are bothfunctional and aesthetically pleasing, while also promoting social
interactionand communityengagement.
• Architectshave a responsibility to use their skills and knowledgeto create positive social change.
• Form and functionare interdependent, and architects must consider both whendesigning buildings
and spaces.