Not only sucking pests, Beetles also transmit virus, bacteria and fungi........

1.  Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles),
 Scolytidae (bark beetles),
 Coccinellidae (lady bird beetles),
 Curculionidae (weevils or snout beetles) and
 Melonidae (blister beetles)
 Machlomovirus
 Bromovirus
 Carmovirus
 Sobemovirus
 Tymovirus
 Potexvirus
 Tobamovirus
Presented by
ARUNKUMAR. P

2. • Maize chlorotic mottle virus (Machlomovirus)
• Broad bean mottle virus (Bromovirus).
• Turnip crinkle disease (Carmovirus).
• Cocks foot mild mosaic disease (Sobemovirus).
• Turnip yellow mosaic disease (Tymovirus).
• Potato virus X disease (Potexvirus).
• Cucumber chlorotic mottle disease
(Tobamovirus).
VIRUS
• Stewarts wilt of corn.
• Bacterial wilt of cucurbitsBACTERIA
• Dutch elm disease.
• Laurel wilt disease.FUNGI

3.  Contains ssRNA with isometric particles (hexagonal)
 Two important strains- Peru (MCMV-P) (Jensen, 1985) and
Kansas, USA (MCMV-K)
Mosaic pattern
Yellow streaks running parallel to veins in the leaf.
These streaks coalesce to form a mottled leaf.
Plants bore malformed, have small cobs and
Male flowers of affected plants- reduced in size.
L. R. Nault et al.,1978

4. L. R. Nault et al.,1978
Two other insect species with mandibulate mouthparts,
- Paeonia japonica and Agrotis ipsilon failed to transmit
transmission of a plant virus.
Oulema melanopa- Aphid species transmits Maize chlorotic
mottle virus
Transmission of MCMV by six chrysomelid beetle species.
 Cereal leaf beetle
 Two corn flea beetle species
 Three corn rootworm species
Virus- present in the gut and hemolymph of vector species and
transmission is entirely mechanical.

5.  ssRNA
 Isometric
 Non-enveloped
 Contains (twenty-one to twenty-three%) nucleic acid and
seventy-seven% protein.
Mosaic/mottle on leaves of upper canopy/fresh growth
necrosis of lower canopy leaves.
Necrosis and shriveling of seeds

6.  Striped cucumber beetle- Acalymma trivttata,
 Spotted cucumber beetle- Diabrotica undecimpunctata
 Bean weevil- Sitona lineatus and
 Brape colaspus- Colaspis flavida
 Circulative non-propagative manner.
 In addition to beetles, Spodoptera exigua- vector of this virus
with a transmission efficiency of 31%.
Loren J. Giesler et al.,2002

7.  RNA as nucleic acid
 Isometric
 Leaf crinkling
 Yellow mottling/mild mottling on Brassica crops.
Transmission through flea beetles:
 Genus: Phyllotreta and Psylliodes
N.S.Butter.,2018

8.  Virus belonging to Sobemovirus genus
 ssRNA virus
 Isometric particles
 Attacks Family- Gramineae
 Light green streaks in the leaves.
 Infective Sap-transmissible
 Secondary spread- Aphids and Beetles(Dactylis glomerata)
E.P.Serjeant.,1966

9.  RNA with particles of isometric symmetry
 Attacks the Family- Cruciferae
 Virus is transmissible through sap and flea beetles
 Virus-vector relationship between vector beetle and virus is
entirely mechanical.
 Flea beetles Phyllotreta and Psylliodes can acquire the virus in
an acquisition access period of a few minutes.
Mustard beetle, Phaedon cochleariae- larvae are also able to
transmit the virus.
Larvae- acquire the virus within (1 to 3 mints)
Latent period- 24 hours.

10. Longitudinal section through the alimentary canal of an adult flea-beetle, Phyllotreta sp.,
showing the valve which, being between the crop and the mid-gut, does not prevent
regurgitation of food materials from the crop
Roy Markham and Kenneth Smith.,1949

11.  Synonym of Potato mild mosaic virus (PMMV).
 Mottling
 Necrotic spotting, are conspicuous in diseased potato
plants.
 ssRNA, filamentous
 Family: Alphaflexiviridae
 Monopartite genome virus
 Host range includes Solanaceae and sixteen other families
of crop plants.

12.  Fungi (Synchytrium endobioticum),
 Grasshoppers (Melanopus differentials; Tettigonia
viridissima)
 Beetles (Epilachna ocellata)
Nagaich et al., 1972

13.  RNA virus
 belongs to Genus Tobamovirus
 Spread of this virus is via contaminated tools, insects with
chewing mouthparts (beetles), seed, pollen and dodder.
 It is known to infect cucumber, melon, water melon, bottle
gourd and vegetable marrow.
 The leaf beetle Aulacophora femoralis is an efficient vector of
this virus.
N.S.Butter.,2018

14.  Leaf mottling
 Blistering and
 Leaf deformations.
 Fruits and fruit peduncles show necrotic patches/spots.
 In addition, yellow patches are also seen in the fruit flesh upon
dissection.
 Flesh is mushy, broken and contain cavities.

15. • Caused by Erwinia stewartii in corn in USA and Canada.
• Damage- seedling stage.
• Corn flea beetles- cause wounds, serve as the substratum for the
spread of disease.
• The leaf tissues around feeding areas become water soaked.
 Bacteria- present in the alimentary canal of flea beetles
 Spread- through regurgitation and fecal matter
 Corn flea beetles- serve as delivery vessels for the inhabitant
bacteria.

16. • Pale yellow linear streaks
running parallel to veins
• Necrotic
near the soil level
• Main stem gets broken
• Apical growth of the plant- arrested

17. Photo source: Jerald K. Pataky.,2004

19. Source of photo: Jason Andrew Smith et al.,2013

20.  Fungi, Ophistoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi, and is
transmitted by beetles
 In America, it is transmitted by Hylurgopinus
rufipes (Eichh.) and Scolytus multistriatus.
 In Europe, its spread is through S. Scolytus, S.
multistriatus, S. pygmaeus, S. kirschii species
of bark beetles.
• Flagging
• Wilting of leaves
• Plant dies within 1–3 years

21. Photo source: Linda Haugen.,2014

22. X. glabratus
 Disease caused by one of the symbionts (Raffaelea
lauricola) of Red bay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus
(Coleoptera)