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1. PAKISTAN STUDIES
EMERGENCE OF PAKISTAN
Course Facilitator:
Inayatullah Magsi
Lecturer, Allied Subjects Department
Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi-Pakistan

2. Emergence of Pakistan
 3rd June Plan or
Partition Plan

3. 3rd June Plan / Partition Plan
 After the War, Labour party came into power
under the leadership of Lord Clement Atlee.
 In consideration of the Muslim League
success in the 1945-46 elections, the Labour
Party was motivated to the Partition Plan.
 Under the circumstance, Lord Mountbatten
came to India as the last viceroy of the sub-
continent on March 22, 1947. On reaching
India, he first met Congress leaders and, then,
the Quaid-e-Azam and finally he announced
the partition plan on June 3, 1947.

4. Features of 3rd June Plan
 British India will be divided into two parts.
 Separate meetings of the Hindu and Muslim
members of the Punjab and Bengal provincial
assemblies will be held and, if they decided for the
partition, their provinces shall also be partitioned.
 In case the partition of the Punjab and Bengal is
decided, then a boundary commission shall be
appointed to draw the actual boundaries.
 The members of Sindh Assembly shall decide, if
they wanted to join Pakistan or India.
 A referendum shall be held in N.W.F.P to decide, if
the province wanted to join Pakistan or India.

5. Cont.…
 The Muslim majority district of Sylhet in Assam
shall decide about its future by referendum.
 In Balochistan, Shahi Jirga (Council of Chiefs)
and non-government members of Quetta-
municipality shall be given the right to decide
whether to join Pakistan or India.
 The Princely states shall decide their accession
to anyone state looking to their strange
circumstances and geographical position.
 The British government intended to hand-over
power to Indians before June 1948.

6. Emergence of Pakistan
 Boundary Commission

7. Boundary Commission
 Lord Mountbatten had appointed Sir Cyril
Redcliff to head a Boundary Commission to
establish the new borders.
 Boundary Commission was set up under
the 3rd June Plan.
 Radcliffe had eight assistants, two nominated
by the Congress and two by the Muslim
League for each province (Bengal & Punjab).
 The Commission submitted its Partition Map
on 9 August 1947 & new boundaries were
formally announced on 17 August 1947.

8. Members of the Commission
 Bengal Boundary Commission: Justice C. C.
Biswas & Justices B. K. Mukherji on behalf
of India & Justices Abu Saleh Mohamed
Akram and Justices S. A. Rahman on behalf
of Pakistan.
 Punjab Boundary Commission: Justice
Mehr Chand Mahajan & Justices Teja Singh
on behalf of India & Justice Din Mohamed
and Justices Muhammad Munir on behalf
of Pakistan.

9. Unjustness of the commission
In demarcating the boundaries of the
Punjab, Radcliffe gave the Muslim
majority thesils (sub-districts) of
Gurdaspur, Batala, Ferozepur and Zira
to India. In the same way, by a
conspiracy, a land route was provided
through Gurdaspur to connect the
state of Jammu and Kashmir with
India.

10. Cont.…
Most of the headworks of rivers in the
Punjab were given to India and thus
river water problem was created.
In deciding the boundaries of Bengal,
the award gave Calcutta city and Port,
the whole Muslim district of
Murshidabad and several Muslims
areas of Nadia district to India.

11. Emergence of Pakistan
 Indian Independence
Act of 1947

12. Indian Independence Act: 1947
 On July 18, 1947, the British Parliament
accepted the Partition Plan and passed an
act of the Parliament called the Indian
Independence Act of 1947. According to
this Act, from August 15, 1947, two
independent states of India and Pakistan
were to be established with dominion
status and thus the British rule over the
British India would come to an end.

13. Features of Indian Independence Act
 British India shall be partitioned into two states.
 The British government would have no control
over affairs of the Dominions, Provinces or any
part of the Dominions. The Constituent
Assemblies of both the Dominions shall exercise
full and comprehensive legislative powers in
their respective areas/jurisdictions.
 Until a new constitution was framed for both
the states, the affairs of the state shall be
conducted in accordance with the provisions of
the Government of India Act 1935 in read with
the Indian-Independence Act, 1947.

14. Cont.…
 The British Crown shall have no right to
reject laws passed by the Legislative
Assemblies of Pakistan and India. This
power shall be exercised by the Governor-
General.
 The Governor-General was given the
power to modify or adopt the Government
of India Act 1935 as he deemed fit and
necessary till March 31, 1948. After that day,
it was open to the Constituent Assembly to
modify or adopt the same Act.

15. Cont.…
All agreements made between the
British Government and the Princely
states shall lapse. Now-onwards, the
Indian states and the new Dominions
shall negotiate relationship with their
respective governments.
The title of the “Emperor of India” was
to be dropped from the royal titles of
the Kind of England.

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