Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error.
4. Research Process Model
Research process: The means by which research is
carried out.
Literature review: Always undertaken to embed the
researcher and research project in the body of
knowledge.
Methodology: The way in which the research is
carried out, as means of supporting the
philosophical assumptions that underpin the
research project.
Data collection Methods: The means by which data
is gathered for research project.
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5. Cont...
The model begins with ´´ begin with an idea`` and
follows that arrows all the way to ``write thesis or
reports``.
In practice researchers do not wait untill all of these
steps are completed. Instead they begin writting as
they start the research process.
Research projects are one part creative and one part
rigorous.
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6. The Four Frameworks Approach
An approach to carrying out research whereby the
conceptual frameworks shapes, supports and directs
the other three frameworks.
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7. The four framework approache
1. Conceptual framework: Key concept; A key idea, a
word or phrase.
2. Theoretical framework: contained in the literature
review undertaken and written for the research
project. Key concepts helps to guide you.
3. Methodological framework: contains all the
information relating to the research methodology
and methods used.
4. Analytical framework: contains all the deatil of the
analysis carried out for the research that is to be
presented in written account.
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8. One Sentence
It is a good discipline to express your ideas in one
sentence. ( Conceptual framework)
Example: This research project is a case study designed
to facilitate the development of a new induction
programme for new employees of Company X.
Key concepts: ``induction programme´´, ``The
creation of an induction programme``, ``New
employees`` and `` Company X``
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9. Keeping a research Diary
It is important to record your thoughts, ideas,
inspirations, references and resources in your
research diary.
In the research diary, the researcher records his/her
thoughts and ideas about their research project,
his/her observations, and reactions to the
phenomena they witness, experience and study in
the field.
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10. Development of social research
Social research: Research conducted by social
scientists on some aspects of the social world.
Objective vs. Subjective.
The social world is extremely complex. ( Different
perspectives, Different theoretical perspectives,
different research methodologies)
We must be aware of these complexeties.
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11. Social research paradigms
Different perspectives taken by social scientists on
the social world.
Positivism
Interpretivism
Social constructivism.
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12. Problems of Students (Research Methods)
Many students allow themselves to be put off by the
new words, terms and concepts they encounter
when they first begin to read into the subject.
Research is essentially a creative undertaking. In
underating your research project you are
undentaking to create something new.
Many students make the mistake of trying to
research something that is too big.
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13. Cont...
Another mistake that students sometimes make is to
create a research question or statement that has an
`and` in the middle of it.
This research project is a survey examining the attitudes
of the employees of Swinton Records to the company´s
new business plan and the proposed relocation of the
company to a new green field.
Which ever dicision you make, the important thing
is to make a decision.
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14. Cont..
Making decisions is, in itself, a problem for many
students. To be a good researcher you must be able
to decide what to include in your research and what
to exclude.
Many students do not have diary to record thier
decisions and changes of courses for the research.
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15. How to formulate researchable project
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17. Gantt Chart for a student research project
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18. Research Ethics
Be sensative to the people in the investigation and
must engage with them in an ethical manner.
The quality of research is dependent on the integrity
of the researcher. ( Honesty and scholarship of the
researcher in engaging with , conducting and
concluding research).
Every researcher has responsibilities to a number of
constituences ( Do no harm).
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19. Tasks
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19
Read Case study : Malik’s action research Project.
Page # 28-30
Think about a research project for you in this course.
Summarize your research statement in one sentence and
share it with next week.
Read Chapter 2 and 3 to prepare your self for the next
class.
