Table 11 shows data on the number of years taken to complete doctorate programs between 2011-2013 at the University of Michigan for US citizens and permanent residents compared to international students. The data shows that on average, international students complete doctorate programs faster than US students across all academic divisions, with differences in time to completion ranging from 0.3 to 2.8 years depending on the program. One potential factor for the consistent difference in time to degree between the two groups is motivation, as international students may feel more pressure to finish due to sponsorship restrictions, family obligations, and employer expectations.