Nice meetings

1. 1
CHAPTER 2
Dealing With Business Ethics
BUSINESS ETHICS

2. Contents
I. Review of Previous Lesson
II. Lesson Objectives
III. Introduction
IV.New Lesson
V. Summary
VI.Key Terms
VII.Discussion Questions
VIII.Homework / Journal Writing

3. I. Review of Previous Lesson
• Define the meaning of ethics
• Tell the role of values in ethical decision
making
• Understanding opposing ethical theories
and their limitations

4. II. Lesson Objectives
1. Define the term business ethics.
2. Identify an organization’s stakeholders.
3. Discuss the position that business ethics is an
oxymoron.
4. Summarize the history of business ethics.
5. Identify and propose a resolution for an ethical
dilemma in your work environment.
6. Explain how executives and employees seek to
justify unethical behavior.

5. II. INTRODUCTION
A large company was hiring a new CEO. The four leading
candidates worked inside the company so the board decided to ask
each candidate a very basic question. The comptroller was brought
in. "How much is 2 plus 2?" "This must be a trick question, but the
answer is 4. It will always be 4." They brought in the head of
research and development, an engineer by training. "How much is 2
plus 2?" "That depends on whether it is a positive 2 or a negative 2.
It could be 4, zero or minus 4." They brought in the head of
marketing. "The way I figure it, 2 plus 2 is 22." Finally, they brought
in legal counsel. "How much is 2 plus 2?" they asked. He looked
furtively at each board member. "How much do you want it to be?"
Tom Selleck, Commencement Speech,
Pepperdine University, 2000.

6. IV. New Lesson
Defining Business Ethics
Two Distinct Perspectives:
- A Descriptive summation of the
customs, attitudes, and rules that
are observed within a business. As
such, we are simply documenting
what is happening.
- A Normative (or Prescriptive)
evaluation of the degree to which
the observed customs, attitudes,
and rules can be said to be ethical.
Here we are more interested in
recommending what should be
happening
• ទស្សនៈពីរផ្សសងគ្ន
ា ៖
-ការស្ផ្ងេបពិពណ៌នាអំពីទំផ្នៀមទម្ល
ា ប់
អាកបបកិរ ិយា និងច្បាប
់ ដែលត្រូវបាន
ស្ផ្ងេរផ្ៅក
ន ុងអាជីវកមម។ ែូផ្ច្បាេះ ផ្ ើង
ត្គ្នន
់ ដរច្បងត្កងឯកសារអំពីអវីដែល
កំពុងផ្កើរផ្ ើង។
-ការវា រម្មាតាមបទដ្ឋ
ា ន (ឬតាមផ្វជជ
បញ្ជ
ជ ) ម្នកត្មិរដែលទំផ្នៀមទម្ល
ា ប់
អាកបបកិរ ិយា និងច្បាប
់ ដែលបាន
ស្ផ្ងេរ អាច្បនិយា បានថាជាត្កមស្ីល
ធម៌។ ផ្ៅទីផ្នេះផ្ ើងចាប់អារមមណ៍
កាន
់ ដរផ្ត្ច្បើនក
ន ុងការសតល់អនុសាស្ន៍
អំពីអវីដែលគួរផ្កើរផ្ ើង។

7. Who are the Stakeholders?
- Stakeholders are those with a share or interest in a business
enterprise.

8. Who are the Stakeholders?

9. An Ethical Crisis: Is Business Ethics an Oxymoron?
• អភិបាលកិច្បច​
សាជីវកមមCorporate Governance
- ត្បព័នធដែលសាជីវកមមអាជីវកម
ម ត្រូវបានែឹកនាំ និង
ត្គប់ត្គង។The system by which business
corporations are directed and controlled.
• អុកស្ុីមូរុនOxymoron
- ការរួមបញ្
ច ូលគ្ន
ា ម្នពាកយសទ ុ ពីរែូច្បជា
"ភាពផ្ស្ង ៀមសា
ង រ់ ថ្ាង់" ឬ "បង្គ
ា jumbo" ។The combination of
two contradictory terms, such as “deafening silence”
or “jumbo shrimp.”

10. An Ethical Crisis:
Is Business Ethics an Oxymoron?
• ត្កមស្ីលធម៌Code of ethics
- ស្ត ង់ដ្ឋរជាលា លកេណ៍អកសររបស្់ត្ក ុម
ហុនម្នអាកបបកិរ ិយាត្បកបផ្ដ្ឋ ត្កមស្ីល
ធម៌ ដែលត្រូវបានរច្បនាផ្ ើង ផ្ែើមបីដណនាំអា
ត្គប់ត្គង និងបុគាលិកក
ន ុងការស្ផ្ត្មច្បច្បិរត
និងជផ្ត្មើស្ ដែលពួកផ្គត្បឈមមុខជាផ្រៀង
រាល់ម្ថ្ង។
- A company’s written standards of ethical
behavior that are designed to guide managers and
employees in making the decisions and choices they
face every day.

11. A Code of Ethics
The Ethics Resource Center (ERC) defines a Code of
Ethics as:
"..a central guide to support day-to-day decision making at
work. It clarifies the cornerstones of your organization – its
mission, values and principles – helping your managers,
employees and stakeholders understand how these
cornerstones translate into everyday decisions, behaviors and
actions. While some may believe codes are designed to limit
one’s actions, the best codes are actually structured to liberate
and empower people to make more effective decisions with
greater confidence."

12. History of Business Ethics

13. History of Business Ethics

14. Doing The Right Thing
A series of clichés:
- Consult the Company Code of Ethics
- Do what’s right for the Organizations Stakeholders
- Do what’s legal
- Do what you think is best
(‘use your best judgment’)
- Do the right thing.

15. Resolving Ethical Dilemmas - I
• ផ្ស្ច្បកតីពិរផ្ធៀបនឹងភាពផ្សា
ម េះត្រង់Truth versus Loyalty
- ផ្រើអាកនិយា ការពិរ ឬរកាភាពផ្សា
ម េះត្រង់ច្បំផ្ពាេះបុគាល ឬ
អងាការដែលស្ុំឱ្យអាកមិនបង្គ
ា ញការពិរផ្នាេះ? Do you tell the truth
or remain loyal to the person or organization that
is asking you not to reveal that truth?
• រ ៈផ្ពលខាីផ្ធៀបនឹងរ ៈផ្ពលដវង
Short-Term versus Long-Term
- ផ្រើការស្ផ្ត្មច្បច្បិរតរបស្់អាកម្លនសលវ ិបាក
រ ៈផ្ពលខាី ឬសលវ ិបាករ ៈផ្ពលដវងដែរឬផ្ទ?
Does your decision have a short-term consequence or a
longer-term consequence?

16. Resolving Ethical Dilemmas – I (Con’t)
ុរតិធម៌​
ទល់​
នឹង​
ផ្ស្ច្បកដី​
ផ្មតា
ត
• ផ្រើ​
អាក​ ល់​
ផ្ ើញ​
ថា​
បញ្ជ
ា ​
ផ្នេះ​
ជា​
ស្ំណ
ួ រ​
ម្ន​
ការ​
ដច្បក​
ចា ​ ុរតិធម៌ ឬ​
ផ្ស្ច្បកដី​
ផ្មតា
ត ​
ករុណា? (ផ្ហើ មួ
ណាត្ស្ួលជាង?)
បុគាលផ្ធៀបនឹងស្ហគមន៍
• ផ្រើជផ្ត្មើស្របស្់អាកនឹងម្លនឥទធិ
ពលផ្លើបុគាលម្ល
ា ក់ ឬត្ក ុម ឬស្ហ
គមន៍ទូលំទូលា ផ្ទ?
Justice versus Mercy
o Do you perceive this issue as a
question of dispensing Justice or
Mercy? (and which one are you
more comfortable with?).
Individual versus Community
o Will your choice impact one
individual or a wider group or
community?

17. Resolving an Ethical Dilemma - II
ផ្គ្នលការណ៍ផ្ដ្ឋេះត្សា បី៖Three Resolution Principles:
• 'Ends-Based'- ផ្រើការស្ផ្ត្មច្បច្បិរតមួ ណានឹងសតល់សលលអ ធំ
បំសុរស្ត្ម្លប់មនុស្សផ្ត្ច្បើនបំសុរ?
• 'Rules-Based'- ផ្រើនឹងម្លនអវីផ្កើរផ្ ើង ត្បស្ិនផ្បើត្គប់គ្ន
ា ផ្ធវី
ការស្ផ្ត្មច្បច្បិរតែូច្បអាក?
• 'ច្បាប់ម្លស្' - 'ផ្ធវីច្បំផ្ពាេះអាកែម្ទែូច្បដែលអាកច្បង់ឱ្យពួកផ្គផ្ធវី
ច្បំផ្ពាេះអាក' ។
• ‘Ends-Based’- which decision would provide the greatest good for
greatest good for the greatest number of people?
• ‘Rules-Based’- what would happen if everyone made the same
the same decision as you?
• ‘The Golden Rule’ – ‘do unto others as you would have them do unto
them do unto you’.

18. Justifying Unethical Behavior
1. ជំផ្នឿដែលថាស្កមមភាពផ្នេះគឺស្ថ ិរផ្ៅក
ន ុងដែនកំណរ់ស្មផ្ហរុសល និង
ត្កមស្ីលធម៌ - ផ្នាេះគឺថាវាមិនដមនជា "ពិរជា" ខុស្ច្បាប់ ឬអស្ីលធម៌
ផ្នាេះផ្ទ។
A belief that the activity is within reasonable ethical and legal
limits- that is, that it is not “really” illegal or immoral.
2. ជំផ្នឿ​
ថា​
ស្កមមភាព​
គឺ​
ជា​
សលត្បផ្យាជន៍​
របស្់
បុគាល​
ឬ​
សាជីវកមម​- ថា​
បុគាល​
ផ្នាេះ​
នឹង​
ត្រូវ​
បាន​
ផ្គ​
រំពឹង​
ថា​
នឹង​
ផ្ធវី​
ស្កមមភាព​
ផ្នាេះ​
ែូច្បផ្មដច្ប។
A belief that the activity is in the individual’s
or the corporation’s best interests – that the individual would
somehow be expected to undertake the activity.

19. Justifying Unethical Behavior
3. ជំផ្នឿដែលថាស្កមមភាពផ្នេះគឺ "ម្លនស្ុវរថិភាព" ផ្ត្ពាេះវានឹងមិនត្រូវ
បានរកផ្ ើញឬសសពវសា ជាសាធារណៈ។ បញ្ជ
ា ឧត្កិែាកមម និងការសតនា
ា
ផ្ោស្ដបបបុរាណម្នការរកផ្ ើញ។
4. ជំផ្នឿថាផ្ដ្ឋ សារដរស្កមមភាពជួ ត្ក ុមហុន
ត្ក ុមហុននឹងផ្លើកដលងផ្ោស្ ផ្ហើ ដថ្មោំង
ការពារអាកដែលច្បូលរួមផ្ៅក
ន ុងផ្នាេះ។
3. A belief that the activity is “safe” because
it will never be found out or publicized; the classic crime-and-punishment
issue of discovery.
4. A belief that because the activity helps the company, the company will
condone it and even protect the person who engages in it.

20. Building & Operating an Ethical Business
• រត្មូវ​
ឱ្យ​
ម្លន​
កិច្បច​
ត្ពម​
ផ្ត្ពៀង​
ជា​
ផ្ត្ច្បើន​
ជាង​
ការ​
ត្គ្នន់​
ដរ​
ផ្ធវី​
ផ្រឿង​
ត្រឹម​
ត្រូវ​
• ត្រូវដរលេះបង់ផ្ពលផ្វលាផ្ែើមបីអភិវឌ្ឍត្កមស្ីលធម៌លមអិរដែលសតល់ "ការ
ដណនាំជាមួ នឹងការអូស្ោញ"
• សតល់ការគ្នំត្ទែល់និផ្យាជិរផ្ៅផ្ពលពួកផ្គត្បឈមមុខនឹងបញ្ជ
ា ត្កមស្ីល
ធម៌
• ការបផ្ងេើរ និងរកាវបបធម៌សាជីវកមមម្នការផ្ជឿទុកច្បិរត
• Requires a great deal more than simply doing the right thing
• Must devote time to the development of a detailed code of
ethics that offers “guidance with traction”
• Offer support to employees when they are faced with an
ethical dilemma
• Creating and maintaining a corporate culture of trust

21. Review Questions
1. Describe the descriptive perspective of
business ethics.
2. Describe the normative perspective of
business ethics.
3. Who are the stakeholders?
4. Explain the three resolution principles.
5. How do you justify an unethical behavior?

22. SUMMARY
It is unfortunate that the media have been given so
much material on unethical corporate behavior over the last
decade. Unethical CEOs have become house-hold names to the
extent that the term business ethics seems to be more of an
oxymoron now than ever before. In such a negative
environment, it is easy to forget that businesses can and do
operate in an ethical manner and that the majority of
employees really are committed to doing the right thing in their
time at work

23. VI.Key Terms
1.Business Ethics
2.Code of Ethics
3.Corporate Governance
4.Ethical Dilemma
5.Oxymoron
6.Stakeholder

24. VII. Discussion Questions
1. Based on the history of business ethics reviewed in this
chapter, do you think the business world is becoming more or
less ethical? Explain your answer.
2. How would you propose the resolution of an ethical
dilemma using the Golden Rule?
3. Why should a short-term or long-term consequence make a
difference in resolving an ethical dilemma?
4. Of the four commonly held rationalizations for unethical
behavior proposed by Saul Gellerman, which one do you think
gets used most often? Why?

25. VII. Homework
• Please write a reflection on your journal book(
about what you learned in this lesson).