By: Norieta G. Langpawen Masters of Science in Physical Education

1. INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE TO TRAINING
OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING TRAINING

3. CHILDHOOD
 DURING THIS TIME, BOYS AND GIRLS RESPOND
SIMILARLY TO TRAINING.
 THUS, COACHES SHOULD PROVIDE INDIVIDUAL
DEVELOPMENT AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
FBOTH SEXES IN PRACTICE A ND
COMPETITION.

4. ADOLESCENCE/PUBERTY
 THE PERIOD OF LIFE WHEN SEXUAL MATURATION OR
ABILITY TO REPRODUCE BEGINS.
 PREBUSCENT: BEFORE PUBERY BEGINS
 PUBUSCENT: ONSET OF PUBERTY (13y/o FEMALE AND 14
y/o MALE
 DURING PUBUSCENT, THE LEVEL OF TESTOSTERONE IN THE
BLOOD OF BOYS INCREASES 10 TIMES WHILE IT REMAINS
SAME FOR THE GIRLS. THUS, BOYS TRAINING LEADS FOR
GREATER GAINS IN STRENGTH, POWER, AND AEROBIC
FITNESS.

5. ADOLESCENCE/PUBERTY
 PHYSICAL CHANGES BEGINS FOR BOTH SEXES.
 ON AVERAGE, MALES ARE LARGER AND STRONGER AND
HAVE SOMEWHAT HAVE GREATER ENDURANCE.
 FOR THESE REASONS, IT MAKES SENSE TO PROVIDE
SEPARATE COMPETITIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEN AND
WOMEN
 EXCEPTION: IN OTHER SPORTS SUCH AS SWIMMING, IT IS
NOT UNCOMMON FOR MEN AND WOMEN TO TRAIN
TOGETHER.

6. ADULTHOOD
 Older age is associated with a decreased exercise efficiency
and an increase in the oxygen cost of exercise, which
contribute to a decreased exercise capacity.
 Specific factors include reductions in muscle mass and
strength, inadequate blood flow to muscles, and a reduced
efficiency of muscle respiration.
 Thus, intensity of physical activity should be considered in
some adults.

7. MEN AND WOMEN IN GYM EXERCISES
 Men and women need not to have different training, but
they tend to have different aesthetic ideals. Men usually
want to develop their upper extremities while women only
wanted to tone their upper bodies and focus on posterior
muscles (back, glutes and hamstrings).

8.  Good nutrition can enhance sporting performance
 If athletes fail to eat adequate diet and lack the energy,
essential amino acids, vitamis, and minerals they need to
support growth and requirement, they will not be able to
respond favorably to intense physical demands.
 Sports nutrition plans should be tailored to the individual
athlete, and consider their specific sport, goals, food
preferences and practical challenges.

10. Growing athletes also needs lots of rest, and some need
more than others.
Many adaptation that result from training take place during
sleep; so explain to your athletes that those who missed
sleep may also missed out on the benefits they’ve worked
out so hard to achieve.
 Observe the athletes if they appear to be overtired, insist
that they take time off for rest and recovery. Find out if they
are getting enough sleep.

11. Adults who get 7 to 8 hours of sleep are healthier than those
who get less than 7 or more than 9 hours of sleep. Naps
provide a short term solution for unavoidable sleep loss and
20-90 minutes seems to work best.
Poor sleep can
-decrease cognitive function (decision making & quick thinking
-poor judgments and-risk taking
-decreased stamina & quicker exhaustion
-decreased reaction time & lower accuracy
-weakened immune system

12. Sleep Hygiene Tips for Athletes
Creating an appropriate sleep environment.
Avoid alcohol and caffeine before bedtime.
Stay away from electronics in the hours before bedtime.
Have a wind-down routine.
Get out of bed if you can’t fall asleep after 20 minutes of trying.
Avoid training and competitions too early or too late.
Keep naps brief, if you take them at all.
Reduce stressors.

14.  When an athlete appears flat or lethargic, this may signal the
start of cold or flu. The biggest enemy of a young athlete in
an endurance sport is upper respiratory problems, including
viral and bacterial infections, allergies, and asthma. Working
athletes too hard when they have an infection make matters
worse.
 Allergies have the effect of making athletes tired, thereby
making practices more difficult.Be sure you are aware if any
of your athletes have allergies or asthma.

15.  While minor injuries may allow limited practice or training,
others require rest and treatment. Be certainthat athletes
have recovered before they return to practice or competition.
And be on the lookout of the athletes who try to hide minor
injuries for fear of losing their place on the team.
 Always physical assessment tests to athlete and students.

16.  Stress, anxiety, depression, and eating disorders are
emotional factors common to young athletes.
 Some find competition stressful and the pressure can lead to
anxiety.
 Poor performances related to overtraining can lead to
depression.
 And few athletes may become obsessed with slimness and
refuse to eat. (ANOREXIA)
 As a coach, you should be aware of these emotional factors
and find ways for athletes to get help they need.