ppt on mushroom

3. Mushroom disease
• Mushrooms are attacked by a large number of fungi, bacteria, mites,
nematodes and viruses. Each
• mushroom species in a specific environment has different
pest/disease complex. Even a little carelessness in
• the cultivation of mushroom can cause havoc in the mushroom
industry. Improper pasteurization of compost
• and casing becomes a major source of infection of fungi and
bacteria. Once the disease has been introduced, it
• attracts mushroom flies, a common pest among cultivated
mushroom species, on the smell of decaying
• mushroom.

4. Disease of Mushroom
• Fungal Disease
1. Dry Bubble
2. Soft Mildew
3. Green Mould
• Linky Cap
• Bacterial Disease Of Mushroom

5. Fungal Disease
• Dry Bubble
• Caused by Verticilium fungicola, The fungus produces numerous one celled thin walled, oblong
to
• cylindrical, hyaline conidia, 3.5-15.9 x 1.5 - 5u on lateral or terminal, verticillately branched
conidiophores (200-
• 800 x 1.5-5.0 u). Conidiophores are relatively slender and tall. Conidia accumulate in clusters
surrounded by
• sticky mucilage. The fungus abounds in soil. Dry bubble, disrupted growth of pin or buttons into
ball-like mass,
• generally the size of grape or longer. Also, there is stem (stipe) “blow-out” where the stem
shatters and the cap
• tilts slightly.
• The pathogen arrives on the cap in splashed water or hands or tools and implements of a
picker, dust
• particles, flies on clothing of workers. This disease causes a crop loss of about 50% upto 70%

6. Management: Proper pasteurization of compost as well as casing
material and control of insect vectors like-
• flies, mites, nematodes, etc.
• Chemical control: Di-ethane Z-78, Sporgon, Topsin M may be
applied in the stage of infection.

7. • Soft Mildew or Cobweb:
• Caused by Dactylium dendroides, Cobweb appears primarily as small
white patches on the casing soil
• which then spreads to the nearest mushroom by a fine grey white
mycelium. A floccose white mycelium covers he stipe, pileus and gills,
eventually resulting in decomposition of entire fruit body. As the infection
develops,
• mycelium becomes pigmented eventually turning a delicate pink cover.
• Fluffy white cobweb-like growth occurs over the surface of casing soil.
Initially white, later it changes to
• pink colour. Attacked mushroom buttons appear on the surface but are
rotten from inside.
• The chief source of infection for this disease is soil humidity, particularly
when grown in wet trays

8. • Management: Good ventilation and prevention of excess
humidity in mushroom house to prevent further
• development of disease.
• Chemical control: Best control of disease by applying bavistin +
TMTD at 0.9 and 0.6g/m2 followed by TBZ and
• benlate (0.9g/ m2). Di-ethane Z-78@0.2% and disinfection of
mushroom house with formalin solution before
• starting with new crop.

9. • Green Mould.
• This is widespread in soil. Spores are ovoid, rough walled, green and
measure 2.8-5x2.8-4. The colony
• emits coconut odour. This fungus grew slowly at 27°C but faster at
20°C. Caused by Trichoderma viridae, the
• fungus appears in the form of green patches on the trays generally
after spawning and casing. The fungi are
• mostly used as a bio-control against several fungi. The disease
occurs in the spawn trays. It also appears after
• casing; hence it also affects pinhead formation as well as
development of enlarged pinheads

10. • Management: Fungus is favored by improperly pasteurized
compost and high humidity in mushroom house,
• therefore humidity should be maintained. Very good hygiene,
Proper pasteurization and conditioning of
• compost. Using the correct concentration of formalin (maximum
2%).
• Chemical control: Weekly sprays of mancozeb (0.2%) or
bavistin (0.1%) TBZ (0.2%) or treatment with zineb
• dust or Calcium hypochlorite (15%) have given effective control
of the disease

11. • nky Cap:
• Common name: Ink weed, wild mushrooms. It is caused by Coprinus lagopus, Appearance of long
slender
• stalk with a small slender cap. The slender stalk with thin cap in due course of time dissolves into
black inky
• liquid. Ink caps appear in the compost during spawn run or newly cased beds and outside the
manure piles
• during fermentation. They are slender, bell-shaped mushrooms. Cream coloured at first,
blueishblack later and
• are usually covered with scales. This fungus sometimes grows in clusters in beds and has a long
sturdy stem
• which often reaches deep into the compost layer. Several days after their appearance ink caps
decay and form
• a blackish slimy mass due to autodigestion.
• The disease is favoured by ammonia, which might have been present in compost while peak
heating. The
• black inky liquid confirms the presence of ammonia in the compost

12. • Management: complete removal of ammonia during compost
preparation. If profuse growth occurs, compost
• from spawned trays should be re-pasteurized. Re-pasteurized
compost should be filled in trays, spawned and
• cased again. Avoid excessive watering. Rogue out young fruit
bodies of the weed fungus to avoid its further
• spread

13. • Bacterial diseases of Mushroom:
• Bacterial Pit or Brown Blotch Caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii.
Symptoms: The disease produces pale yellow
• spots on the surface of the pileus which later turn brown. Pits are
often found below the surface. In several
• cases, infected mushrooms are radially streaked.
• The mushrooms are attacked in storage and transit. Bacteria may
also be present in soil and water used for
• mushroom growing. The incidence is highest when mushroom is
watered while still very small and humidity
• is very high and water cannot evaporate quickly. Possibly the
Tryoglyphid mites carry the pathogen

14. • Management: By control the mites, disease is automatically
controlled

15. • Viral diseases:
• Viral diseases have not been reported from India causing infection to
mushroom crop. However, the
• presence of viral particles in mushroom fruit body causing a disease
has been reported from other countries.
• The syndrome includes brown fruiting body, watery stipe and die-
back disease etc. The diseased mushroom
• becomes leathery, shriveled and changes colour to brown in normal
dry condition. The transmission of viruses
• occurs through phorid larvae and tarsonemus mites. The mushroom
species including Lacaria lacata have been
• reported to be the reservoir of mushroom viruses

16. • Management: Mushroom house should be heat sterilized before
starting the crop. Disinfection of mushroom
• with 4% molybdate solution is also recommended. Phorid
should be controlled with systemic insecticide to
• check further spread of disease