Oil spill is disaster which usually contaminated our water body . And cause negative impact on environment. This is one of the most hazardous factor which disrupt our marine ecosystem.

1. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur
Marching Towards Excellence
Presented by-
Nishat Fatima
M.Sc Environmental
Science (Final Year)
Oil Spill and its Cleaning
methods

2. Contents-
Introduction of Oil Spill
Types of Oil Spills
Causes
Effects
Case Study related to Oil Spills
Oil Spill Cleaning methods or operations
Precautions
Conclusion

3. Oil Spill
Oil Spill can be defined as contamination of water bodies due to
spilling of oil due to negligence of humans or an accident.
It mainly include any type of crude oil or any type of distilled oil
like Kerosene, lubricating oil, gasoline, etc.

4. Types of Oil Spills
Class A oil
• It is most toxic oil.
• Light and spread easily.
• It has very strong smell.
Class B oil
• It is less toxic.
• They are non sticky oils.
Class C oil
• It is thick and heavy oil
that do not penetrate or
dilute into water and
soil quickly.
Class D oil
• It is least toxic oil that
harden when heated.
• The cleaning up of this
oil is impossible.
Non- petroleum oil
• It is thin type of oil that
penetrate into water
easily and cause severe
damage.

5. Causes -
Natural causes Man-made causes

6. Man-made causes-
Lack of proper technology
Transportation
Due to accidents
Oil pipe leakage
Drilling activities
Cleaning of tanks
Failing to check failures
Breakage of oil tankers

7. Effects of Oil Spills
Effects
Physical
effects of oil
in water
On marine
ecosystem
On man On birds On Industries

8.  Physical effects of oil on water
Reduction in D.O
Reduction in light penetration.
Altering water temperature.
Smothering (suffocating) kills lichens and algae’s along sea coast.

9.  Effect on Marine ecosystem
 Affect floating plantation and marine life.
 Damage to fishery.
 Lethal toxicity on aquatic flora and fauna.
 Ingested oil can be toxic to affected animals.
Oil Seepage
Drops Dissolved
Oxygen Level
Respiratory
System
Affected

10. Effects on Human health Effects on Birds
 Causes neurological, acute toxic effects,
ocular (eye) and also problem of
respiratory system.
 Nausea,nose and eye irritations,etc
along with migraines and headache.
 Liver and Kidney damage due to
ingestion of oil while cleaning their
coats.
 Oil spilling Abnormally low body
temperature of birds.

11. Case Study-
Spill name / Year Size(tons× 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎) Location Oil type Name of spill
Gulf War spill / 800 Arabian Heavy Act of War
1991 Gulf crude
Ixtoc I / 1979 470 Gulf of Mexico Heavy Oil well blow
crude out
Solomon Oil 88 Solomon Islands
Spill (2019)
S.NO. DATE Qty. Place Spilled by
1.
2.
07/08/2010
19/07/2009
600Tons
(Approx.)
50 liters
Mumbai
Off Mangalore
MV Chitra
MV Asian
Fores
 Spills in India

13. Oil Spill Cleaning Methods
Methods
Physical
methods
Chemical
methods
Biological
methods

14. PHYSICAL METHODS
• Skimmers
• Vacuum cleaners
• Absorption
• Burning
SKIMMERS BURNING

15. CHEMICAL METHODS
• Dispersants
• Evaporation
• Sorbents
• Oil Booms

16. BIOLOGICAL METHODS
• Use of micro-organisms
• By using naturally available materials
Alcanivorax borkumensis Pseudomonas aeruginosa

17. Oil layer on water Make oil magnets
Use strong magnets
separate magnetized oil
and water
Clean water +
Magnetized oil
Clean
water
Magnetizing
material
Flow diagram of oil spill cleaning

18. GIS Monitoring
GIS is a powerful tool for the Modeling, Monitoring and
Mitigation of oil spill hazard.

19. PRECAUTIONS
Use of trained
people
Effective Disaster
Management Plan
Regular inspection
of oil sites
24/7 emergency
team
Laws and
Regulations

20. CONCLUSIONS
•It is injurious to environment, therefore a proper
treatment should be used for its cleaning.
•Different cleaning techniques have different
characteristics and it should be used according to
that.
•Proper monitoring of oil spills should be done
over a period of time and also after its cleaning.
•Oil debris should be handled properly.