2. CONTENTS
Introduction
History
Composition
Classification
Dispensing
Manipulation
Setting reaction
Properties
Indications and contraindications
Advantages and disadvantages
3. INTRODUCTION
What is a cement?
A cement is a substance that hardens to act
as a base ,liner ,filling material ,or adhesives
to bind devices or prosthesis to the tooth
structure or to each other.
4. GLASS IONOMER CEMENT
It is a tooth colored
material
Based on reaction
between silicate glass
powder and polyacrylic
acid
Chemically bind to
tooth structure
ADA specification
number 96
5. HISTORY
Invented in 1969
Reported by wilson and kent in 1972
The term was coined by B.E KENT
Other names:
Ionomer poly-carboxylate acid
ISO terminology Poly-alkenoate cement
Since its extensive usage to replace the
dentin-dentin substitute , man-made dentin,
artificial dentin
ASPA- alumino silicate poly-acrylate.
6. COMPOSITION
Species Composition(%)
Silica (SiO2) 30.1
Alumina (Al2O3) 19.9
Aluminium fluoride
(AlF3)
2.6
Calcium fluoride (CaF2) 34.5
Sodium fluoride (NaF) 3.7
Aluminium phosphate
(AlPO4)
10.0
Powder: It is an acid soluble calcium
fluoro aluminosilicate glass
8. CLASSIFICATION
According to A.D Wilson
I. Type 1: Luting agents
II. Type 2: Restorative cements
a)aesthetic filling material
b)bis-reinforced filling material
III Type 3: Lining, base and fissure sealing
materials
9. According to application
Type 1) luting
Type 2) restoration
Type 3) liners and base
Type 4) pit and fissures sealants
Type 5) luting for orthodontic purpose
Type 6) core build up material
Type 7) fluoride releasing GIC
Type 8) for ART
Type 9) for pediatric purpose
11. MANIPULATION
1) Tooth preparation:
Pumice slurry is used to remove the smear
layer.
Etched with phosphoric acid and rinse
tooth surface should be cleaned and dried
for sustained adhesion .
12. 2) MATERIAL PREPARATION
P/L ratio – 3:1
by weight
paper pad or
dry glass slab is
used
WHY?
Powder and
liquid is
dispensed just
before mixing
13. Powder is
incorporated rapidly
into the liquid
Half of the powder is
mixed into liquid for
5-15 seconds , rest
is then quickly
added and mixed to
get a uniform glossy
appearance .
18. FINISHING
Excess material
must be trimmed
from margins
Hand
instruments
preferred to
rotary
instruments to
avoid ditching
Further finishing
is done after 24
hours
20. SETTING REACTION
Stage 1) Dissolution
Stage 2)precipitation of salts, gelation and
hardening.
Stage 3) hydration of salts
21. STAGE 1)
DISSOLUTION
Surface layers of
glass particles are
attacked by poly
acids and ions are
released
Produce diffusion
based adhesion
between glass
particles and matrix
22. STAGE 2) PRECIPITATION, GELATION AND
HARDENING
Calcium and aluminium ions bind to poly
ions
Initial clinical set-Cross linking of ca ions -4-
10 minutes from setting
Next 24 hours –less mobile aluminium ions
bound within the cement matrix – more rigid
cross linking
Fluoride and phosphate ions forms
insoluble salts and complexes
Sodium ions – binds the powder to matrix
23. STAGE 3) HYDRATION OF SALTS
progressive hydration of matrix salts
Sharp improvement in physical properties
24. SETTING RATE
Manufacturer controlled
glass composition
glass fusion temperature,
powder particle size,
tartaric acid concentration
Operator controlled
Mixing temperature-storage of slab and
powder in a refrigerator increases the working time
up to 25%
Powder: liquid ratio-inadequate liquid
results in a decline in translucency and physical
properties
25. PROPERTIES
Adhesion: chemically binds to tooth structure
Bio compatibility: resistance to plaque ,
plaque fails to thrive on the surface of GIC
Pulpal response to GIC: formation of dentin
bridge occur when used to protect a
mechanical or traumatic exposure of pulp
Remineralising effect
26. Solubility : initial solubility is high due to
leaching of intermediate products
is low when compared to zinc
phosphate and zinc polycarboxylate
Dimensional change : volumetric setting
contraction of approximately 3%
Strength : susceptibility to brittle fracture .
Weak and lack rigidity when compared to
composites and amalgams
Abrasion resistance : immediately after
placement-less resistance to abrasion , as
they mature their resistance improves
27. Thermal diffusivity
Color and translucency: type II a) restorative
esthetic material provide adequate color
matching and translucency
Radiopacity:more radiopaque than dentin and
several exceed that of enamel
Anticariogenic property: fluoride is released at
the time of mixing and lies within the matrix
- flouride reserviour
28. MODIFICATIONF OF GIC
1) Water settable GIC
Liquid used is clean water
Liquid is delivered in a freeze dried form ,which is
incorporated into the powder
2) Resin modified GIC
Powder component consist of ion leachable
fluroalumino silicate glass particles and initiator for
light curing
Liquid component consist of water and poly acrylic acid
with methacrylate and hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate
monomer
29. 3) Metal modified GIC
GIC have been modified by addition of filler
particles, to improve strength fracture toughness
and resistance to wear
Silver alloy admix / miracle mix
This is made by mixing of spherical silver
amalgam alloy powder with glass ionomer
powder
Cerment
Bonding of silver particles to glass ionomer
particles by fusion through high temperature
sintering
30. 3) Compomer
It is a composite resin that uses and ionomer
glass which is the major component of glass
ionomer as the filler
Small quantity of dehydrated poly alkenoic acid
incorporated with filler particles
Setting reaction is light activated
Adhesive system used with compomer is
based on acid etch found with all composite
resin
31. ATRAUMATIC RESTORATIVE TREATMENT
PRINCIPLES
1.Removing carious tooth tissue using hand
instruments only
2.Restoring the cavity with adhesive
material(glass ionomer)
Why GIC?
Chemically binds to enamel and dentin
Flouride release to prevent and arrest caries
Biocompatible – no irritation to pulp and gingiva
32. INDICATIONS
Type I) useful in patients with high caries index
Type II) restoring of erosion / abrasion lesions without
cavity preparation
sealing and filling occlusal pits and fissures
restorations of class III lesions
repair of defective margin in restoration
core build up
intermediate restoration
Type III) lining of all types of cavities where a biological
seal and cariostatic action are required
sealing and filling of occlusal fissures showing
early signs of caries
33. CONTRAINDICATIONS
Class IV carious lesions or fractured incisors
Class II carious lesions where conventional
cavities are prepared
Replacement of existing amalgam restoration
Lost cusp areas
34. ADVANTAGES
Inherent adhesion to tooth structure
Good marginal seal
Anticariogenic property
Biocompatibility
Minimal cavity preparation required
Restoration in primary dentition
35. DISADANTAGES
Low fracture resistance
Low wear resistance
Water sensitive during setting phase
Less esthetics compared to composites