2. It is transparent, colorless, volatile with aromatic
odour & burning taste. Absolute alcohol is 99%
ethyl alcohol.
Ingredient of beverages:-
Rum, Whisky -40-50%
Portwine, Sherry -18-50%
Beer -3-10%
3. Absorption is better if taken concentration or on
empty stomach.
Concentration in blood reaches highest after
about one hour.
Blood-Brain ratio of alcohol is 10/9.
Blood-Urine ratio of alcohol is ¾.
Blood-Breath ratio of alcohol is 1:2100 ml.
4. Ethyl alcohol depresses the CNS irregularly in
descending order from cortex to medulla. Stage of
excitement is due to removal o inhibitions. Alcohol
from blood passes into alveolar air through the
lungs, hence breath smells of alcohol. It causes
generalized vasodilatation, is hypnotic, creates a
feeling of warmth but the heat loss is more,
stimulates appetite, is diuretics, diaphoretic &
causes gastritis.
5. There are four stages:-
1) Stage of Excitement:- (blood alcohol level 0.05-
0.1% i.e. 50-100 mg/100 ml 0f blood)
2) Stage of Incordination:- (0.1-0.3% i.e. 100-300
mg/100 ml of blood)
6. 3) Stage of Narcosis:- (0.3-0.5% i.e. 300-
500mg/100ml of blood)
4)Stage of Medullary Paralysis:- (+0.5% i.e. more
than 500 mg/100ml of blood)
Fatal Dose:- level more than 0.7%
Fatal Period:- 12-14 hours.
7. Gastric lavage.
Avoid emetics.
Use of Ethyl alcohol in case of Methyl alcohol
poisoning.
Use of Disulfiram.
Symptomatic treatment.
8. Alcohol leads tp physical, social, moral & mental
deterioration.
Physical problems may be gastritis, pancreatitis,
fatty liver, cirrhosis of liver, malabsorption, altered
gonadal function & loss of memory. Babies born to
mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy are
usually mentally retarted.
9. Social problems may be poor inter personal
relation, broken families, lack of control on
children, loss of temper, scuffles, poverty etc.
Mental Syndromes are:-
a) Delireum Treatment:- Is a psychotic condition in
alcoholics resulting from chronic alcoholisms due
to long continued action of alcohol on brain. It may
develop due to-
-Excessive alcohol consumption by habitual
drinker.
10. - Sudden with drawl of alcohol.
-Injury to chronic alcoholic.
-Acute infections.
-Sudden cold.
b) Korsakoff’s Psycohosis:- is a syndrome
characterized by disorientation, multiple neuritis,
loss of memory for recent events and
hallucinations.
11. 1) Death is rare due to ethyl alcohol. Death may
occur due to methylated alcohol, aspiration,
chronic consumption.
2) There are increased changes of murder, rape,
vehicular accidents, drowning & Saturday night
paralysis.
3) Same dose of alcohol produces different effects
on different people and also on the same person
at different times.
12. 4) Barbiturates, antihistaminics, tranquilisers,
insulin & opioids potentiate the action of alcohol.
5) Lead to addiction.
6)Sec. 129A, Sec 53(1) Cr.P.C. : Medical
examination of an alcoholic, if accused, can be
done without consent at the request of police
officer and sample of blood can be collected or
chemical analysis.
