Nickelle Hughes proposes implementing the Indiana Campus Sexual Assault Primary Prevention Project (INCSAPPP) to better address sexual assault on college campuses. The current approaches are insufficient as they are not comprehensive or effective at preventing assaults. INCSAPPP uses a multifaceted approach including coalition building, policies, data collection, bystander intervention, male involvement, and social marketing. It aims to create cultural and environmental changes to reduce assaults, unlike current reactive programs that fail to adequately educate students about consent. Hughes argues INCSAPPP can be implemented using existing funding and has proven successful at other universities in reducing sexual violence.

1. Nickelle Hughes
Speech Title INCSAPPP
Topic: Sexual assault on college campuses
General Purpose: To persuade
Specific Purpose: I want the audience to agree with my policy proposal
for reduction of sexual assault on college campuses.
Thesis: What we are doing for the reduction of college campus sexual
assaults is not enough and that is why we need to implement The
Indiana Campus Sexual Assault Primary Prevention Project.
INTRODUCTION
I. Attention Getter- Put yourself in this situation. You’re a woman
walking home from work on campus just trying to get to your dorm.
You turn the corner of a building and a guy grabs you by your wrist.
What do you do? Fight and get away, or do you freeze up? This
situation happened to my friend and she fought. Luckily my friend got
away, unfortunately however this is not always the case. Now think, if
the girl I just talked about was your sister, girlfriend, or best friend.
And you knew that the college had an insufficient sexual assault
program. Wouldn’t you be upset, mad, and even scared with the
possibility it could happen again?
II. Establish Credibility- Sexual assault on college campuses is a
common problem we are facing but the efforts we are putting forward
are not sufficient enough. Gallup poll showed that at least 50% of
women are afraid to walk alone at night. And it’s because of stories
like my friend’s. But my friend’s isn’t the worst-case scenario.
Unfortunately, Jennifer from Bloomington had a different experience.
She was attacked and raped on her campus and then dropped her
course work because she found it difficult to even get out of bed in the
morning and make it to her classes.
III. Thesis - What we are doing for the reduction of college campus
sexual assaults is not enough and that’s why we need to implement
The Indiana Campus Sexual Assault Primary Prevention Project
(INCSAPPP).
IV. Preview- I want to tell you about the problem, how the project
works in reducing this problem, and explain why what we are doing
now is not enough.

2. Nickelle Hughes
BODY
I. I want to put into perspective the problem we are facing, the
cause of it and the effects it has on people.
A. According to medicine health who are experts dealing with
emergencies first hand said sexual assault is any type of
sexual activity that a person does not agree to.
1. The New York University found that 1 in 4 college
women will experience sexual assault. And freshman and
sophomores are more likely to experience sexual assault.
B. Many factors can explain why it’s happening and what causes
it. The number one reason is alcohol. 70% of victims who are
attacked said there had been alcohol. This was not only true
for Penn State which Women’s Health Center stated but also
the American Association of University Women (AAUW) found
this percentage as well. And because it’s involved attacks go
unreported.
1.The U.S. department of Justice said, “Rape or sexual
assault is the violent crime LEAST reported”. But because
they are not being reported they are going to keep
happening. The NSVRC found that when students feel their
school is behind them and supports them they are more
likely to report their assaults. That’s why no tolerance
policies need to be publicized.
2. Annie Clark, North Carolina graduate, and sexual assault activist said
in a New York Times article from March, “I’ve heard so
many times from survivors, ‘You’re the first person I’ve
ever told.’ Once you create a space for people to talk, they
will.”
C. Lastly are the affects.
1. I’m sure we all can recall in December when there was
the reporting of two sexual assaults on campus within the
same weekend. An interview done by WTAJ News shows
that these attacks are affecting everyone. One sophomore
Natalie (Zer-ov-leff) Zuravleff said “The fact that they
happened on campus is definitely strange to hear because

3. Nickelle Hughes
I live off campus and I definitely worry about off campus
being the more dangerous place, so to hear about it on
campus is definitely weird”
2. A student here at Penn State Stephanie Wain’s
documentary ,Unreported, stated “victims of sexual assault
are 3 times more likely to suffer from depression, 6 times
more likely to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder,
13 times more likely to abuse alcohol, 26 times more likely
to abuse drugs, and 4 times more likely to contemplate
suicide.”
TRANSITION- Now that I have told you about the problem we are
facing I want to tell you about how this project works.
II. The missions of the project is to advocate a comprehensive
approach that involves 6 components: Coalition Building,
Policy, Male Involvement, Data Collection, Bystander
Intervention, and Social Marketing.
A. The INCSAPPP has been recognized by the National Sexual
Violence Resource Center as an innovative program in sexual
violence prevention. I want to explain each of the six parts.
1.The coalition building is how members share their
knowledge and expertise to encourage comprehensive
methods to prevent sexual assault. This allows for people
to voice their opinions and have their ideas heard.
2.The policy should include clear definitions of sexual
assault and steps to take if a student has been assaulted.
Providing information like support services, how to report
it, and judiciary actions.
3. The data collection should be by surveys or personal
interviews giving you an overall idea and also direct
answers. Not only qualitative but also quantitative
information.
4. Bystanders are a large part of sexual assault
prevention. This promotes the awareness and observations
of behaviors in need of intervention. The program teaches

4. Nickelle Hughes
safe and effective along with direct and indirect ways. This
program creates an environment that encourages others to
speak out.
5. The program sees the male involvement portion of the
project very important. Men can transfer the message to
their friends of the problem, how to be non-violent, and
how to have a healthy relationship. This takes the view of
men as a negative to a positive.
6.Lastly as college students we know how to use social
media, we watch TV and listen to music and the radio. So
social marketing is an effective tool.
a. You can tell it works because in one New York Times
article published last month about college campus assaults
it was stated ““We really started to get student buy-in
when we started our blog.”
B. A statement made by Student Nation”; a student run paper
says ,“In a nation which has embraced abstinence-only
education, colleges that are serious about preventing rape
need to seriously consider offering holistic sex education to
their students, and including a discussion of power dynamics
and socialization in their workshops on consent.”
C. We want to have a proactive program rather than a reactive
one. To prevent the crime from happening in the first place
because sadly WTAJ found that at Penn State 45% of the
attacks go unsolved.
TRANSITION-Now that I have explained the project to you I want you
to understand the feasibility of the project and why what we are doing
isn’t enough.
III.As students at Penn State we’ve all had to partake in the
AWARE program. Campuses all over are using programs similar to
AWARE.
A. These programs go over the basics we already know. Ask
for consent; don’t walk alone, and other simple things we
learned before. The problem with programs like these is we

5. Nickelle Hughes
take it once just trying to get through it and learn nothing
from it if there is any new information for us to learn.
1. A student tells about her interviews with victims In an
article in “The Nation” from September and says “The fact
that so many women I talked to felt violated by guys who
were unaware of any wrongdoing suggests that the
education we’re doing about consent is seriously flawed.”
B. Now I know what you’re thinking. How are we going to pay
for ALL of this? And how credible is this actual project?
1. It’s normally implemented with mini grants, one
being the Center of Disease Control Rape Prevention
Education grant.
2. Another way is the U.S. Department of Justice and
the Ms. Foundation for Women also help with the
funding for implementing this project.
3. Because everyone sees sexual assault as a problem
it is easy to find volunteers willing to help out with
this program making the funding needed a little less
than if you were to hire a whole group of people.
4. In 2009 the state of Indiana took this prevention
program and made it the first State plan dealing with
sexual assault. On top of that 37 college campuses
are using this prevention program.
5. The money we are currently spending can be used to
implement this new program because it is similar to
the amount already being spent. And some of the
aspects of this program do not cost money at all. So
the funding doesn’t take a huge hit, it just means we
need to re-allocate and refine the current funding.
C. The system is supposed to be here to prevent the problem
instead of preventing the reporting. The reporting process for
most schools is you go to their campus police or dean instead of
local police. However this can become overwhelming and
defeating.

6. Nickelle Hughes
1.In a New York Times article they talk about the reporting
processes. Saying “Often, the dean convinces women who
have been assaulted to use the college's judicial system
instead of a local court. The advantages for the college are
clear: no bad publicity, no drop in applications and no
decline in alumni donations. The women, however, get
nothing but a second-rate trial.” Another New York Times
Article in April of 2011 said “Far too many women who
report their attackers are then victimized by complaint
systems that are difficult to navigate and disciplinary
proceedings that are stacked against them.”
3. An article in the Huffington Post published in January
talks about The University of North Carolina and how 64
students had been sexually assaulted and nothing had
been done for their cases. In a comparison of the legal
system to a colleges judicial system it was said “In the
best-case scenario, an alleged rapist will still be walking
the streets after a university issues disciplinary action in
the case of a sexual assault, whereas, in the legal system,
the same result is usually the worst-case scenario.
TRANSITION- The truth of the matter is the programs we have
implemented right now are not easy to use, or helpful.
CONCLUSION
I. Signal- I want you to think about how our prevention system needs
to be changed.
II. Summary- Remember how this could happen to someone close to
you. We need six parts to this whole to have success in reducing the
problem, and unfortunately right now the only programs we have are
one’s that everyone has heard a hundred times.
III. Closure- I want to leave you with a statement from Anne Ard who
spoke to WTAJ about Penn State "A sexual assault of a 20 year old, or
a 30 year old, or a 60 year old, or a 70 year old is as heinous as a
sexual assault of a child and until we as a community decide that we're
going to not just end sexual assault of children, but we're going to end
sexual assault completely, across the lifespan, then we're missing the
mark."

7. Nickelle Hughes
Works Cited
Alexander, Rachel. "Preventing Sexual Assault on Campus." The Nation 18 Sept. 2012:
n. pag. Print.
"AAUW on Sexual Assault on Campus Statistics." Breaking through Barriers for Women
and Girls. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Feb. 2013.
"Effects of Sexual Assault." Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network. N.p., 2009. Web.
"Indiana Campus Sexual Assault Primary Prevention Project." Indiana Campus Sexual
Assault Primary Prevention Project. Purdue University, n.d. Web. 2013.
Kingkade, Tyler. "University Of North Carolina Routinely Violates Sexual Assault
Survivor Rights, Students Claim." Huffington Post 16 Jan. 2013: n. pag. Print.
Lane, Mallory. "Penn State Students Shocked By Weekend Sex Assaults." WTAJ News.
Pennsylvania, 3 Dec. 2012. Television.
Lieber, Ronald B. "VOICES OF THE NEW GENERATION; Call the Police, Not the
Dean." The New York Times 11 Sept. 1991: n. pag. Print.
"Making Campuses Safer." Editorial. The New York Times, Opinion Pages 19 Apr. 2011:
n. pag. Print.
Saad, Lydia. "Nearly 4 in 10 Americans Still Fear Walking Alone at Night." Nearly 4 in
10 Americans Still Fear Walking Alone at Night. Gallup Poll, 2012. Web. 04 Feb.
2013.