Project work for students of class X and Ix

1. Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan, Assam
Ek Bharat Shresth Bharat
Partner State - Rajasthan

2. The concept of EK BHARAT SHRESTH BHARAT was
announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on
31st October, 2015 on the occasion of the 140th
birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
OBJECTIVES: The exchange of knowledge, of history,
language, culture, traditions and practices of
different states will lead to an enhanced
understanding and bonding between one another,
thereby strengthening the unity and integrity of
India.

3. Assam is the land of the blue hills and the red river, Lauhitya, the
mighty Brahmaputra. This state of northeast India is a melting pot of
diverse races that migrated to the land over centuries and made it
their home. The modern society of Assam is a synthesis of these
diverse elements that has shaped her history and culture.

5. THE LAND
The state of Assam in northeast India lies between latitudes 28º18´N and 24ºN and
longitudes 89º46´E and 97ºE, covering an area of 78,523 sq.km. Its capital is at
Dispur, in Guwahati, the most important city of northeast India today. Known earlier
as Pragjyotisa and Kamarupa, Assam came to be called Asam by the Muhammedan
chroniclers in medieval times due to its association with the Ahoms, a people
regarded as peerless or unequalled by their contemporaries. However, asama also
means uneven, and this is an apt description of the land with its numerous hills and
fertile valleys, a land shaped by the mighty river Brahmaputra and its different
tributaries. Assam is enclosed on the north, east and south by a chain of mountain
ranges, an extension of the Himalayas. A line of hills from the east to west, the Barail
Range, separates the valley of the Brahmaputra from that of the Surma. Known
locally as the Luit or Barluit, or Lohit, the red river, the Brahmaputra finds mention in
the Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa where the people living of its banks are called
Lauhityas. The inscriptions of ancient India call it the Lauhitya, while epigraphs of the
rulers of ancient Assam invoke it as the Lauhityasagara and Lauhityasindhu. The
history of Assam is the history of the Brahmaputra valley and her relations with the
neighbouring hills and plains.

7. Assam is a melting pot of different races that migrated and settled in the
fertile river valleys and hills over the centuries and these areas are today
known by the people who lived there.
From the east came the Australoids, represented by the Khasis and
Jayantias today. The Mon-Khmer language used by them is spoken by the
Kols, Mundas and Nicobarese of India, and in parts of Burma (Myanmar) and
Vietnam today. These Mon-Khmer speakers gave the many geographical
features, especially the rivers their names.
From western China came the Tibeto-Burman speakers, following the
Brahmaputra upto Dhubri. Some turned south and occcupied the Garo Hills
and Tripura. Others went up the Kapili valley into North Cachar. Others
occupied the Naga Hills and became the ancestors of the different Naga tribes.
A group from Burma settled in the Lushai (Mizo) Hills, Cachar, and parts of
Manipur and the Naga Hills.
The Tibeto Burmans established themselves in different areas of Assam and
came to be known by various names like the Rabha, Kachari, Bodo, Tiwa,
Karbi, Dimasa each speaking their own unique languages.
From the west came the Indo-Aryan speakers whose descendants today
speak Asamiya, Bangla, Oriya, etc.
THE PEOPLE

8. The Ahom of the Tai-Kadai or Shan group of Mongoloids entered Assam in the 13th
century .They belonged to the Yunan province of China and the region of Maulung in
Upper Burma. They were followed by other Shan tribes like the Khamti, Phakial, Nara and
Aitongs, Khamyangs and Turungs, all occupying isolated pockets and preserving their
socio-religious traditions.
During the same time came the Turko-Afghan and Mughal invaders from the west.
Unlike the earlier migrants their hostile penetrations were vigorously resisted and they
retreated. But those who remained behind introduced Islam to the region
In the 17th century, Sikhism made its first inroad in Assam with the coming of Guru Tegh
Bahadur who accompanied Raja Ram Singh of Rajasthan.
With the entry of the British East India company, centuries later, in 1826 came Bengali
officers, Marwari traders, cultivators from modern Bangladesh, Nepali graziers, the
Munda, Ho, Oraoan, Santhals and others who made this land their home. Christianity too
entered Assam during this time and made inroads in the hilly areas.
By the end of the 16th century the Ahoms made themselves masters of the
Brahmaputra valley and brought its different people as well as the hill tribes under a
loose knit administrative system. The Ahoms, like others before them were gradually
Hinduised and Sanskritized. Nevertheless the different people who made Assam their
home continued to retain their unique cultural traits in spite of being absorbed into the
Hindu, Islamic, Buddhist or Christian fold.
THE PEOPLE

9. COMMUNITIES AND TRIBES
ASAMIYA MISHING
TIWA TAI-PHAKE

10. TRIBES OF ASSAM
SINGPHO
RABHA
BODO DEORIS
TAI-KHAMYANG

11. TRIBES OF ASSAM
BIATE DIMASA
HRANGKHOL
KARBI
ZEME NAGA
HAJONG

12.  Assam has a glorious past and archaeological remains stand mute testimony to ancient
migration routes in the form of monolithic stone jars, unique to North East India.
 In ancient times Pragjyotisa (Assam) finds mention in the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Its
capital city Pragjyotisapura (modern Guwahati) is said to be established by Amurtaraja, the
grandson of Kusa. According to the Kalika Purana Brahma first created the stars here, hence it
is known as the city of first light or Pragjyotisa.
The legendary Naraka, son of the Hindu God Visnu and Bhumidevi, the Mother Earth, is
associated with Aryan migration. He replaced Ghataka, the ruler of the Kiratas (Mongoloid
people). His descendants began to rule over the entire Brahmaputra valley.
The three main historical dynasties of Assam – the Varman, Salastambhas and Palas – who
ruled from c.4th century to 12th century CE all trace descent from the legendary Naraka.
 The famous Chinese pilgrim Yuan Chwang visited the court of Bhaskarvarman who was a
close friend of Harsavardhana of Kanauj.
The Aryan speakers introduced the varnasramadharma (caste system), the Indo-Aryan
Sanskrit language, Vedic rites and rituals and gradually assimilated the earlier settlers into the
Brahmannical Hindu fold. At the same time the new settlers adopted numerous rites and
practices of the earlier settlers.
EARLY HISTORY

13. ANCIENT REMAINS:
Ambari in the heart of
Guwahati city
MONOLITHIC STONE JAR
Dima Haso District

14. From the 13th century onwards Assam witnessed hostile invasions from the
west. The Turko-Afghans who had established the Delhi Sultanate conquered
Gauda (Bengal) and repeatedly invaded Assam which was known variously as
Kamrud/Kamarupa in Persian texts. But they were repulsed.
During the same time the Tai-Ahom prince Siu-ka-pha entered Assam from
the east, crossing the Patkai from northern Myanmar (Burma) and established
the Ahom kingdom. The Ahoms gradually brought many tribes and
communities of the Hills and Plains of Assam like the Nagas, Morans, Barahis,
Bhuyans Chutiyas, Kacharis, Jayantias, etc. under their rule. The Ahoms had a
long rule of 600 years from 1228-1826 CE.
The Koch under Viswa Singha rose to power in the 16th century. It was the
Koch king Naranarayana and his brother and General Chilarai, the “kite-
king”who rebuilt the ancient Kamakhya Temple on the Nilachala. It contains no
image and is a yonipitha, associated with the fertility cult.
The Mughals also invaded Assam many times but were successfully ousted.
During the reign of Aurangzeb, Raja Ram Singh of Ambar (in Rajasthan)
invaded Assam but the Ahom general Lachit Barphukan defeated him in the
naval battle of Saraighat.
PERIOD OF INVASIONS

15. LACHIT BARPHUKAN
BIR CHILARAI
KANAI BARASI BOWA ROCK INSCRIPTION, NORTH GUWAHATI, RECORDING THE
ROUT OF BAKHTIAR KHALJI IN 1206 CE

16. THE COLONIAL PERIOD
In 1826 Assam came under the rule of the British East India Company. In the final
decades of the Ahom monarchy there was a civil war due to the Moamaria Rebellion.
Taking advantage of the weak administration the Burmese invaded Assam from 1817
to 1824 and the British who had meanwhile established their rule over almost the
whole of India came as saviours, but continued to occupy Assam even after the
Burmese had been expelled. They established an Ahom prince as the king, but the
latter had no real powers. By the end of the 19th century the British conquered entire
northeast India.
From 1826-59 there was discontent against foreign rule, all of which failed to oust
the British from Assam
 1828 - Gomdhar Konwar an Ahom prince revolted against the British.
 1829 - the Khasis rebelled.
 1830 the Singphos revolted.
 1830 Upper Assam rebelled against the British resulting in the martyrdom of Peali Phukan.
The revolt of 1857 had its reverberations in Assam, but it too failed. Maniram Dewan and Peali
Barua, the ringleaders, were hanged. Assam as a part of British India became a colony of the
British Crown
The period from 1860-1900 witnessed peaceful agrarian outbreaks by the peasants, against the
British land revenue policy. Many were ruthlessly killed.

17. MAP OF COLONIAL ASSAM: 1826-1947

18. Political consciousness and nationalism developed in Assam along with Western
education under British rule, especially since 1905. In 1921 M.K.Gandhi visited Assam.
Thereafter the province actively participated in the Non-Co-operation Movement, the
Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement. As in the rest of India,
these protests against foreign domination were largely peaceful, marred by occasional
extremist violence.
Prominent among the leaders of the Non-Co-operation Movement were Nabin
Chandra Bordoloi, Tarun Ram Phukan, Kuladhar Chaliha, Faiznur Ali, Gopinath
Bordoloi, Bishnuram Medhi, Md. Tayebulla, Omeo Kumar Das, Ambikagiri Roy
Choudhury and a host of others. In Assam the women too actively participated in the
Movement. More than 4000 people were arrested by the British and jailed. Many
people resigned from government jobs.
When M.K.Gandhi began his salt satyagraha in April 1930, after the historic Dandi
March, Assam also joined the fray and as before many men and women were arrested.
Moreover, there was unrest among students of Secondary schools caused by the
circular of the D.P.I. Mr. Cunningham which required the students and their parents to
give a written undertaking to refrain from participating in political activities. The result
was mass boycott of Government Schools and the establishment of public schools all
over Assam. The students’ movement merged in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
TOWARDS FREEDOM

19. Attempts to hoist the national flag at police stations resulted in the death
of many. Prominent martyrs of the 1942 struggle were Kamala Miri, Kushal
Konwar and the young 17 year old girl Kanaklata Barua who hoisted the
national flag at Gohpur police station but was killed by the police.
QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT 1942: YOUNGEST MARTYR

20. ASSAM TODAY
In 1947, the state of Assam included the entire region of North East India with the
exception of Tripura and Manipur. Today Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland and
Meghalaya are separate states. The capital of Assam is DISPUR, in Guwahati city, the
largest city of northeast India.
AREA 78438 SQUARE KM
POPULATION 35,607,037
DISTRICTS 33
CITIES 8
LANGUAGE ASAMIYA
MAIN RESOURCES PETROLEUM, TEA, COAL
The Gauhati University in Assam is the oldest
university of entire northeast India. It was
established on 26th January 1948.

21. STATE EMBLEMS
STATE ANIMAL - GANR
(ONE-HORNED RHINOCEROS) STATE BIRD - DEO HANH
(WHITE WINGED WOOD DUCK)
STATE AQUATIC ANIMAL - XIHU
(GANGETIC RIVER DOLPHIN)

22. STATE TREE: HOLONG
(DIPTEROCARPUS MACROCARPUS)
STATE FLOWER – KOPOU PHUL
(FOXTAIL ORCHIDS)
RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA

23. STATE SONG - O MOR APONAR DESH (O MY BELOVED LAND)
This song was composed by the great litterateur Sahityarathi Lakshminath
Bezbarua whose immense contribution to Asamiya literature in the 19th century
led to the Indian government honouring him by issuing a stamp in his honour.

24. PETROLEUM
Assam has the oldest oil refinery in Asia at DIGBOI. The oil and gas industry in India dates
back to 1889 when the first oil deposits in the country were discovered near the town
of Digboi. The natural gas industry in India began in the 1960s with the discovery of gas
fields in Assam and Gujarat.
Assam has 3 other refineries at Noonmati, Bongaigaon and Numaligarh.
Crude oil Reserves159.96 million metric tonnes accounting for 26.48% in the country.
Assam has 158.57 billion cubic metres of Natural Gas, i.e.12.29%

25. TEA GARDENS
Assam annually produces nearly 630-700 million kgs of tea, i.e. More than half of
tea in india and has more than 100 tea estates.
In 1823 Robert Bruce discovered tea plants growing wild near Sibsagar. Bessa
Gam a local Singhpo tribesmen showed him how they brewed tea from the
leaves of this bush. At that time the British used to import tea from China, but
with the discovery of tea in Assam a new enterprise was started.

26. COLLIERY
Assam has coal fields in the Margherita region operated by Coal India Ltd.
Assam annually produces 525 million tonnes of coal. The existence of
coal deposits in Upper Assam had been known from the early days of the British
occupation of the State. It is mentioned in the old Gazetteer of Lakhimpur that in
1825,Lieutenant Wilock reported that coal was found near Borhat on the Disang
river. In Assam Coal fields comprise of four mining areas, - Baragolai-Tikak, Ledo-
Tirap, Tipong colliery in Makum and JoyporeDilli coal field near Namrup.

27. ASSAMESE LITERATURE
Assam has an ancient literary tradition. The Harsacharita of Banabhatta records that
king Bhaskarvarman Assam gifted Harsavardhana manuscripts made of the bark of the
aloe tree, locally known as sanchipatputhi.
Buddhist Charyapadas were also composed in Assam
The Kalika Purana , composed in Assam contains details of the story of the legendary
ruler Naraka who defeated even Indra the king of Heaven. His friend was Bana, whose
daughter Usha married Aniruddha, the grandson of Lord Krishna. Naraka introduced the
worship of Goddess Kamakhya in Assam.
The Buranjis or historical chronicles of medieval Assam are one of the earliest
scientifically written historical records, a tradition brought to Assam by the Ahoms.
The Neo-Vaisnavite reformer Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardev’s compositions, and the
painted manuscripts of his followers are unique treasures of Assam.
The Asamiya Saptakanda Ramayana of Kaviraj Madhav Kandali (14th century)is the
earliest translation of the Sanskrit text into an Indian vernacular language.

28. The Hastividyārnava, written by
Sukumar Barkaith, is one of the best
known illustrated manuscripts of
Assam. Commissioned under the
patronage of Ahom King Siva Singha
and his queen consort Phuleswari, it
deals with the management and care of
elephants in the royal stables.
PAINTED MANUSCRIPTS

29. TEXTILES
Assam is renowned world over for her beautiful silk and handloom textiles. Women of
Assam traditionally wear a mekhela and chadar, while the men wear dhoti and shirts. They
also use a gamosa or hand woven cotton towel.
The Harsacharita records that king Bhaskarvarman of Assam presented Harsa with three
different types of beautiful silk textiles, known as dukula, ksauma and patrorna, a probable
reference to the Milky White Paat silk, the Golden Muga Silk and Mezangkari silk.
Assam is also famous for raw silk and the warm Endi Ahimsa silk.
During the war against invaders, Asamiya women used to weave a KAVACH KAPUR
within a single night to protect their men in war. Mula Gabharu, an Ahom princess dressed
as a man and went to battle the enemy after her husband died, it was said, for failure to
wear this protection.
Gandhiji was impressed by the textiles of Assam and every women of Assam
traditionally weaves for their household needs, being atmarnirbhar.
All the different tribes of Assam as well as the Hindu Asamiya people, especially in rural
Assam have looms at home where they weave colourful fabrics. Sualkuchi is the centre of
the silk industry in Assam.
The Asamiya gamosa is also today being used by our honourable Prime Minister.

30. SUALKUCHI
Sualkuchi is often referred to as the Manchester of the East. Situated on the northern banks of
the Brahmaputra, it is famous for its centuries-old heritage of weaving. The white paat silk,
warm eri, and the golden muga silk threads are made into exquisite chadars, saris, shawls,
dress materials, rihas and gamochas. The crisp, bright, gold muga silk, exclusive to Assam, is of
superior quality and very costly. Mekhela chadars made from muga are gracefully draped by
dancers during Rongali Bihu, the national festival of Assam. Muga, the golden silk of Assam,
was given the Geographical Indication status in 2007 and the GI logo in 2014.

32. KANH OR BELL METAL INDUSTRY
Assam is famous for her bell metal industry that manufactures locally
used traditional utensils like xorai, xophura, bota, lota, ban kanhi, ban bati. SARTHEBARI is
a major production centre of traditional bell metal products and nowadays decorative
japis are also manufactured.
KAHI
BOTA
BATI
DAPON
TAL BANBATI LOTA

33. FESTIVALS OF ASSAM
Traditional festivals in Assam are associated with the Harvest cycle as it is
primarily an agricultural society. BIHU is the state festival and all the different
communities and tribes living in Assam celebrate Bihu, Baisagu, Bishu. There are
three Bihus.
Rongali Bihu (Bohag Bihu) is celebrated in April to mark the spring/basanta
season, on the last day of Chaitra. The first day is known as Goru Bihu and the
cattle are taken to the riverside for a traditional bath. The second day marks the
beginning of the Asamiya new year and people pay respects to their elders,
exchange gifts and wear new clothes. Young men and women dance in the fields
in courtship. Men also perform husori, singing and blessing households.
Kongali Bihu (Kati Bihu) is celebrated in October, on the last day of Aahin, to mark
the beginning of the sowing season. People plant a tulasi (basil) plant and pray for
a good harvest.
Bhogali Bihu (Magh Bihu) is celebrated in January, on the last day of Poh, to
celebrate the reaping of the harvest. People offer thanks for the harvest.
nixar bihu.mp4 BAGURUMBA DANCE OF THE BODO TRIBE.mp4
bihu dance.mp4

34. JON BEEL MELA
In the month of January, after Makar Sankranti the Tiwa tribe celebrates the Jon Beel
Mela to start the beginning of community fishing. It is renowned for its traditional
market where people use the barter system to buy and sell goods.
DARRANGI MELA
Traders from the Bhutan Hills come down to the plains of Assam to exchange goods

35. CUISINE OF ASSAM
Rice is the staple food of Assam. They also eat khar (an alkali flavoured preparation),
meat, fish, vegetables, payas, etc. A speciality is the different types of pithas made
from pounded rice, also narikal ladoo, khorika maas, and sunga maas, foods prepared
with fermented bamboo shoots, also the Bhot jolokia, famous for its high scoville
levels.

36. TRADITIONAL SWEETS

37. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
Assam has many archaeological site, monuments and places of historical interest. Every
years thousand of pilgrims throng to the famous Saktipeeth of Kamkhya on the Nilachal,
especially during the annual Ambubachi Mela when the Goddess is said to menstruate,
heralding the onset of the monsoons when the soil is fertile and ready for sowing .
KAMAKHYA TEMPLE

38. AMBUBACHI MELA AT KAMAKHYA TEMPLE

39. NAVAGRAHA TEMPLE
Guwahati city, known in ancient times as Pragjyotisapura was a centre of astronomical
studies. The temple of Navagraha situated upon the Chitrachal Parbat in the centre of
Guwahati enshrines aniconic images of the planets, namely the seven days of the week, ie
Ravi, Som, Mangal, Budh, Brihaspati, Sukru ,Sani and the demons Rahu and Ketu. It was
repaired and rebuilt in the 18th century by the Ahom king Rajeswar Singha and we find
anthropomorphic representations of the planets on its inner walls.

40. SRI SRI SURYA PAHAR
At Surya Pahar in Goalpara district are ancient remains of Buddhist stupas, Jain
Tirthankaras and Hindu deities, standing mute testimony to communal harmony.
ADINATHA HINDU DEITIES

41. BUDDHIST STUPAS AT SURYA PAHAR

42. MAJULI – WORLD’S LARGEST RIVER ISLAND
The island of Majuli in the middle of the Brahmaputra River near Jorhat is the world’s largest inland island.
It is home to the Mishing tribe and the centre of the Neo-Vaisnavite religion of Assam. There are many
monasteries in Majuli, the chief among them being Dakshinpat, Auniati, Garmur, Chamuguri, Kamalabari,
etc. As centres of Vaisnavism they function as religious centres where young bhakats are trained. First
established by Mahapurush Sankardev, they also function as cultural centres, performing bhaona (drama),
sattriya nritya (dance), Bargeet (holy songs), preserving and copying old painted manuscripts,performing
Janamasthami, Raax, etc to popularise the Neo-Vaisnavite faith.
Attached to each monastery are the Bohas, or residential quarters, a prayer hall, the Naamghar with the
Monikut (shrine) where the Bhagavat is worshipped.

43. MAJULI – WORLD’S LARGEST RIVER ISLAND

44. MAJULI – WORLD’S LARGEST RIVER ISLAND
gayan bayon.mp4

45. HAJO: SYMBOL OF COMMUNAL HARMONY
Built by Sujauddin Mohammed
Shah in 1657 CE, Poa Macca
located in Hajo, in Kamrup
district is the most revered
pilgrimage spot for Muslims in
Assam, believed to contain one
fourth the sanctity of holy
Mecca. To lay the foundation
stone of this mosque, 250 g of
earth was brought from the
holiest city of Islam, Mecca.
Thus the mosque was named as
Poa Mecca. The complex also
has a dargah of Pir Ghiyasuddin
Auliya, a revered seer and one
of the earliest propagators of
Islam in Assam.

46. HAYAGRIVA MADHAVA MANDIR
Hajo is also famous for the Hayagriva Madhava
temple, built by the Koch King Raghudev.
Dedicated to Visnu, the main idol whose face is
covered by a golden mask is worshipped by
Buddhists from Tibet and Bhutan as Mahamuni
as Hajo is believed to be the final resting place
of Bodhisattva Padmasambhava.
The Zikirs and Zari of Ajan Fakir, a Sufi saint
from Baghdad, are still popular in Assam among
both Hindus and Muslims. ZIKIR.mp4

47. RIVER GODDESSES GANGA AND JAMUNA, DA PARBATIYA, TEZPUR

48. DASAVATARA , URVASI ISLAND, GUWAHATI

49. SCULPTURES ON NILACHALA HILL, GUWAHATI
VENUGOPAL AND GANESA BUDDHA BHAIRAVA
VENUGOPAL VISNU-JANARDHAN SADASIVA

50. APSARA, COTTON COLLEGE CAMPUS INDRA ON AIRAVAT, GUWAHATI

51. ASCENT OF YOGAMAYA, BAGHAPARA, GARO FOOTHILLS

52. MAHISAMARDINI DURGA AND YAMI, KAHILIPARA, GUWAHATI

53. NATARAJA AND VISNU IMAGES FROM, AMBARI ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, GUWAHATI

54. JAMUNA AND GANGA, AMBARI, GUWAHATI

55. BALARAMA
NARASIMHA

56. NATIONAL PARKS
Kaziranga National Park a Unesco
World Heritage Site is famous for
the Great Indian one horned
rhinoceros, the landscape of
Kaziranga is of sheer forest, tall
elephant grass, rugged reeds,
marshes and shallow pools.
In 1974 it was declared as National
Park and is one of the last areas in
eastern India undisturbed by
human presence. It is inhabited by
the world's largest population of
one-horned rhinoceroses, as well as
many mammals, including tigers,
elephants, panthers and bears, and
thousands of birds.
Kaziranga National Park

57. Manas, at the base of foot hills of the Bhutan-Himalayas in the state of Assam,
with unique biodiversity and landscape is one of the first reserves to be included
in the network of tiger reserve under Project tiger in 1973. Manas is the only
landscape in the world where pristine Terai Grasslands are seen merging with the
Bhabar grasslands interspersed with diverse habitats ascending to Semi-
Evergreen forests and then to Bhutan Himalayas. The Biodiversity is very rich
here. The last population of the Pygmy Hog survive in the wilds of Manas and
nowhere else in the world. In 1985, the Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was declared
as a World Heritage Site.
Manas National Park

58. Nameri National Park
Nameri National Park is located in
the foothills of the Eastern
Himalayas in the Sonitpur District of
Assam, India, about 40 kilometres
from Tezpur and the third national
park in Assam. The Pakhui (Pakke)
Sanctuary of Arunachal Pradesh
adjoins the Park on its North-Eastern
point. Together they constitute an
area of over 1000 square km of
semi-evergreen, moist deciduous
forests with cane and bamboo
brakes and narrow strips of open
grassland along rivers. Nameri is a
birder's paradise with over 300
species of birds. Nameri and Sonai-
Rupai are only Protected Areas in
the North Bank of the Brahmaputra
in the Civil District of Sonitpur.

59. CHARAIDEO
The necropolis of Charaideo was the final capital city established by the
Ahom prince Siu-ka-pha. It is on the tentative UNESCO World Heritage List
due to the presence of hundreds of Maidams or burial mounds. It was the
royal necropolis of the Ahoms. These maidams were constructed of brick
and covered with earth. The departed royals were buried with grave goods
for the afterlife. Like the pyramids of Egypt, they are unique.

60. UMANANDA
Umananda Island in mid-Brahmaputra in Guwahati city is the smallest inhabited
river island in the world. Ahom King, Gadadhar Singha reconstructed the ancient
Siva temple of Umananada, the Bhairava of Kamakhya Devi, that stands on the
island. Later kings built the temples of Hara Gauri and Chandrasekhara.Today,
Umananda Temple is one of the main pilgrimage sites in Guwahati, especially during
Siva Ratri. The British called it Peacock Island because the shape of the island looks
like a peacock feather.

61. KARENG GHAR (ROYAL ABODE)
Kareng Ghar is the remains of royal palace of Ahom kings when Gargaon was
their kingdom’s capital. Gargaon was the principal seat of the Ahoms for
more than four centuries. Suklengmung, the 15th Ahom king established the
capital at Garhgoan and constructed a palace with wood and other
impermanent material in the year 1540 CE. it was later reconstructed of brick
and lime mortar.

62. RANG GHAR (PLEASURE HOUSE)
This monument was initially built by the Ahom king Rudra Singha at
Rangpur, his new capital city at Sibsagar. It was subsequently renovated by
Pramattha Singha in 1746. It was built for the entertainment of Ahom kings.
The kings used to watch buffalo fights, elephant fights and other means of
entertainment from this building.

63. This monument was built by Ahom king Rajeswar Singha at Rangpur. It is a
well-planned monument which has a three storeyed building underground
and a four storeyed above the ground. The underground building was
reserved for the army barracks. There was an underground tunnel which
led to the Dikhow river.
TALATAL GHAR (MULTI-STOREYED HOUSE)