Human Respiratory System

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Human Respiratory
System: Parts and
Functions
Subtitle

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“Breathe in, Breath out
activity”
1.Everybody will inhale and exhale. Feel the air moving from your nose
down to your lungs
Why do you think you were able to breathe?
2.Everybody will inhale but this time you will hold your breath as much as
you can, then exhale.
What did you feel?
What will probably happen if you will continue holding your breath?
Why?
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Respiratory system - made up of organs in the
body that are involved in breathing, where there is
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Respiration is linked to breathing
The parts of the respiratory system that are in
charge of supplying oxygen
are the nose, nasal passageways, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles, alveoli and diaphragm.

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Activity 1
PART A :”What a Bunch of Grapes!”
Objective: Identify the key parts of the breathing system
Materials: Bunch of grapes (or any other bunch of fruits or vegetables
such as arosep or lato (seaweed), lanzones, cauliflower, etc.)
Procedure:
1. Hold up the bunch of grapes. Let the bunch of grapes represent the
breathing system.
2. Within your group, locate the parts of the breathing system: the
main stem as the trachea, the large branching stems as the bronchi,
and all the little stems as the bronchioles. The individual grapes are the
airsacs or alveoli.
3. One by one, gently take out some of the grapes to expose more of
the branching
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4. Trace the pathway of oxygen using the “Bunch of
Grapes” model. Note that air moves from the nose
(nasal cavity) and mouth (oral cavity) to the trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, and then into the alveoli (air
sacs). The air we breathe carries the gas oxygen.
When we breathe, the oxygen goes to the lungs.
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PART B
Objective: Describe the function of each part of the breathing system
Procedure: 1. Refer to the diagram, and check your understanding of the breathing system
by labeling each part and giving its functions in the box corresponding to the part.
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• Guide Questions:
• Q1. What does each part of the “Bunch of Grapes”
model represent, in relation to the breathing system?
• Q2. How will you describe the pathway of oxygen in the
breathing system?
• Q3. What will happen if one part of the system fails to
carry out its function properly?
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Nose is the fleshy protrusion located in the middle of the face that
works as a principal part of the respiratory system, in addition to
being the primary organ of smell
The nasal cavity lies just behind the two nostrils and forms the
interiors of the nose.
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https://www.therespiratorysystem.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Nasal-Cavity.jpg

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Trachea- Allows the passage of air (respiratory gases) it
connects larynx (voice box) and pharynx with lungs.
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https://www.organsofthebody.com/trachea/

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Bronchi- two branches of trachea which lead directly to the
lungs.
Bronchioles- Bronchioles are air passages inside the lungs
that branch off like tree limbs from the bronchi
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WCsYN4%2Fmaxresdefault.jpg&action=click

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Alveoli are hollow, unique cavities which are found within
alveolar sacs.
Alveoli have remarkably thin walls, that permits the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide to take the position within the lungs.
There are considered to be three million alveoli in the normal
lung.
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content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F05%2Fbronchioles.jpg&action=click

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Activity 2
Bottled Balloons
Objectives: • Explain how the lungs work • Describe how the
movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in and out of the
lungs
Materials: 1 two-liter empty plastic bottle 3 balloons (1 big, 2
small)
1 sturdy straw 1 pair of scissors 5 rubber bands
Procedure:
1. Using a pair of scissors, cut the bottom out of the 2-liter plastic
bottle.
2. Create two holes that are apart from each other in the cap of
the plastic bottle. Make sure that each hole is just big enough for
a straw to fit through.
3. Stick the two straws through the two holes of the bottle cap.
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4. Place one balloon on the end of each straw, and secure
them with rubber bands, as shown in the figure below.
5. Stick the balloon ends of the straws through the bottle
opening and screw the lid on tightly. 6. Stretch out the
larger balloon and place it over the open bottom of the
bottle. Secure it with the rubber band as tightly as possible.
Refer to the diagram of the finished lung model below.
Pull the larger balloon down; that is, away from the bottle,
in order to blow up the two small balloons.
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6. Push the larger balloon towards the bottle in order to
let the air out of the two small balloons.
7. Write down your observations.
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Guide Questions:
Q4. What does each part of the constructed lung model
represent?
Q5. What happens as you pull down the balloon at the
bottom of the model?
Q6. What happens as you push up the balloon?
Q7. How does the movement of the diaphragm cause the
air to go in and out of the lungs?
Q8. What might happen if you prick the balloon?
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How do lungs works?
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Diaphragm
The diaphragm is an essential muscle of respiration that
is located beneath the lungs.
The diaphragm contracts to increase the space within the
thoracic cavity, whilst pushing a few inches inferiorly
within the abdominal cavity. Whilst this is occurring, the
intercostal muscles more contract, that moves the rib
cage up and out. The contractions force air into the
lungs, by producing a negative pressure within the
expansion.
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Quiz:
1. Write down the correct sequence of the different
organs in the respiratory system.
2. Give a short description or function of each part.
3. In your own words, describe the movement of the
lungs and diaphragm as the air goes in and out of our
body.
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