Management course document

1. UNIT 1
SESSION 1
Introduction to Management

2. Introduction
• Management is a vital aspect of the economic life of
man, which is an organised group activity.
• Central directing and controlling agency.
• Resources – material, labour, capital etc. are entrusted
to the organising skill, administrative ability and
enterprising initiative of the management.
• Provides leadership to a business enterprise.
• Under competitive economy and ever-changing
environment, the quality and performance of
managers determine both the survival as well as
success of any business enterprise.

3. Why Study Management?
Universality of Management
The reality that management is needed
in all types and sizes of organizations
at all organizational levels
in all organizational areas

4. Some definitions of Management
• "To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to
command, to co-ordinate and to control". – Henri Fayol
• "Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages a
business and manages managers and manages worker
and work".- Peter F. Drucker
• "Management is defined as the creation and
maintenance of an internal environment in an enterprise
where individuals working together in groups can
perform efficiently and effectively towards the
attainment of group goals".- Koontz and O’ Donnell
• "Management is a distinct process consisting of
planning, organising, actuating and controlling
performed to determine and accomplish the objectives
by the use of people and resources”. - George R. Terry

5. From the various definitions of management,
we can conclude that Management is
• a technique of extracting work from others in an integrated and co-
ordinated manner
• mobilising the resources and planning their utilization for business
operations
• “a distinct ongoing process of allocating inputs of an organization (human
and economic resources) by typical managerial functions (planning,
organizing, directing and controlling) for the purpose of achieving stated
objectives namely – output of goods and services desired by its customers
(environment). In the process, work is preformed with and through
personnel of the organization in an ever-changing business environment".
• a universal process
• an operative force in all complex organizations
• necessary for a business firm, government enterprises, education and
health services, military organizations, trade associations and so on

6. Who is a Manager?
Manager
Someone who
coordinates and
oversees the work
of other people so
that
organizational
goals can be
accomplished.

7. Where Do Managers Work?
• Organization - A deliberate arrangement of
people assembled to accomplish some specific
purpose (that individuals independently could
not accomplish alone).
• Common Characteristics of Organizations
– Have a distinct purpose (goal)
– Are composed of people
– Have a deliberate structure

8. Efficiency and Effectiveness in Management

9. Levels of Management

10. The Changing Role of Management and
Managers

11. Levels of Managerial Skills (Robert L Katz)

12. Managerial process - Steve J. Carroll & Dennis J.
Gillen

13. Work agenda
After studying the General Managers of nine companies,
Kotter concluded that managers contribute towards
organisational output through work agendas. A work agenda
is a loosely connected set of tentative goals and task that a
manager is attempting to accomplish.
Factors affecting work agenda
Rosemary Stewart has identified three factors that affect
work agendas. They are:
a) Job demands
b) Job constraints
c) Job choices

14. Henry Mintzberg (b.1939)
• Followed 5 Chief Executives for one week
and recorded everything that they did.
• Later research by Martinko and Gardner of
41 school managers confirmed the earlier
findings of Mintzberg.
• Three of his findings in the world of high-
level managers are as follows:
a) Unrelenting pace
b) Brevity, variety and fragmented work
c) Verbal contacts and Networks

15. Mintzberg’s ten managerial roles

16. Taylor's Scientific Management
• Waste and inefficiency is due to the lack of
order and system in the methods of
management
• The scientific method consists essentially of
(a) Observation (b) Measurement (c)
Experimentation and (d) Inference.
• Elements of Scientific Management
i. Scientific Task and Rate-setting, work
improvement, etc.
ii. Planning the Task.