This document provides biographical information about Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the leader of Pakistan from 1971-1977. It summarizes his time as foreign minister under Ayub Khan, his founding of the Pakistan People's Party that won the 1970 election, and his terms as President and Prime Minister. It also outlines some of his domestic reforms regarding land, labor, education and health. Additionally, it discusses Bhutto's role in establishing Pakistan's nuclear program and his foreign policy dealings. The document concludes with details about Bhutto's death sentence and execution in 1979 for authorizing a political assassination.

1. GROUP MEMBERS
NASIR HUSSAIN
ABDULLAH SATTAR
HASSNAIN AKHTER
JARIA BATOOL

2. Content
 Reforms
 Bhutto In Ayub Khan’s Cabinet
 General Election 1970
 Foreign Policy
 Nuclear Program
 Balochistan Operation
 Decline of Government
 Death Sentence and Appeal

3. Bhutto In Ayub Khan Cabinet:
Foreign Minister
Good Relation with USSR and
China
Tashkent Agreement
Resignation:
He resigned as foreign minister in 1966.

4. Pakistan People Party and Election
1970 election
West Pakistan (PPP won)
East Pakistan (Awami League)
4th president (1971 to 1973)
9th prime minister (1973 to
1977)

5. REFORM:
Introduction:
In his very first speech at 20 Dec 1971, he declared that he would make a
strong reform
Following are the main:
1. Economic Reform
 Nationalization
 Life Insurance Nationalized
 Banking Reform
 Export Taxation

6. REFORM:
2. Land Reform (1st March 1972)
 Landholding limited to 150 acres irrigated
and 300 un-irrigated (1972)
 Landholding limited to 100 acres irrigated
and 200 un-irrigated (1977)

7. REFORMS:
3. LABOR REFORM
 Trade Union conference Islamabad
 Give Rights:
Free Education
Health Insurance
Job for children

8. REFORMS
 Educational Reform
1ST phase of educational policy announced in
Oct,1972.
Education made compulsory up to class 8th
In 2nd phase education made compulsory and free
up to grade X.
 Health Reform
 Law Reform

9. Nuclear Program
 Founder of nuclear program.
 1965 Bhutto asked Ayyub khan to start project.
 1972 meeting of nuclear scientists in Multan.
 1974 meeting with Abdul Qadir khan.
 Dedication of Bhutto despite International pressure.
 “Even if we had to eat grass, we will make nuclear
bomb”

10. Foreign Policy of Bhutto:
 Shimla agreement.
 Second conference of OIC 1974.
 Relation with US not good.
 Good relationship with USSR.
 Arab Israel war.
 Aided Syria and Egyptian forces.

11. Balochistan military operation:
Calls for independence of Balochistan grew.
1973 dismissed the elected provincial government.
Operation was led by Tikka khan.
3000 soldiers 5000 Balochies died.
Iraq supported rebels.
Iran supported government.

12. Between the 1974and 1976,many of bhutto’s
original family members had left bhutto due to
Political differences
Powerful PPP leaders such as Ghulam Mustafa
Kher, former governor of Punjab openly
condemned bhutto and called for protests against
his regime

13.  Amid protest And civil distress felt in Lahore ,and
people’s party lost the administrative control over the
city.
 On 3th September the army arrested bhutto again on
charges of authorizing the murder of political
opponent in March 1974.

14. Death Sentence and Appeal
 Bhutoo was declared not guilty for murder,but
sentenced to death ,on 18th March 1978
 On 12th March 1978, Bhutto’s former Legal minister,
A.H.Per-Zadah petitioned the Supreme court for the
release of Bhutto’s science adviser Mubashir Hassan
and to review the Bhutto’s death Sentence based on
the split decision.

15.  The Supreme court denied Hassan’s release because he
was released by Military police ,but the Court agreed
to hear the argument
 On 4th April 1979,the day Bhutto was executed.