In this slide you will get to learn about Clotting , Mechanism of clotting, factors responsible for clotting, And Coagulants.

1. Coagulants
Presented By:
Shaikh Nisar Ali (M.Pharm)
Department of Pharmacology
HKE’S Matoshre Taradevi rampure Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Guided by:- Dr. Ashok Kumar Dastapur

2. Clotting :-
• Clotting of blood is a defence mechanism of the body.
• It prevent loss of blood from the site of injury.
• If any leaks developed in blood vessel A clot is formed and it
plugs the leak.
• This prevents the loss of blood.

3. Various factors which are involved in
clotting are :-
1. Factor l - Fibrinogen
2. Factor ll - Prothrombin
3. Factor lll - Thromboplastin
4. Factor lV - Calcium
5. Factor V - Quick’s Labile Factor
6. Factor Vl - Existence of factor not Accepted
7. Factor Vll - Quick’s Stable factor
8. Factor Vlll - Antihemophillic Factor
9. Factor lX - Christmas Factor
10. Factor X - Stuart Factor
11. Factor Xl - Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
12. Factor Xll - Hageman Factor
13. Factor Xlll - fibrin stabilizing factor

4. Factor V and Factor Vll are required for conversion of damaged tissue into
thromboplastin.
Factor Vlll is antihemophilic factor. Absence of this factor leads to disease called
haemophilia.

5. Blood clotting mechanism :-

6. Mechanism of Clotting.
1. Thromboplastin is liberated due to damage of platelets and
tissue.
2. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin. This
occurs in the presence of calcium.
3. Thrombin activates fibrinogen to fibrin .The insoluble fibrin
forms thread.
4. The formed elements of blood got entangled in this and forms
the clot.

7. Coagulants:-
DEFINATION :-
• These are the agents which promote coagulation.
• They are used in haemorrhagic states.

8. classification

9. Vitamin K :-
• It is a fat soluble vitamin.
• Source :- Green leafy vegetables ,cabbage, spinach etc.
• Naturally it occurs in the form of two distinct substance vitamin K1
and Vitamin K2.
• Vitamin K3 (Menadione) is a liquid soluble synthetic compound.
• Vitamin K is necessary for the biosynthesis of prothrombin and
factor
Vll, lX ,X ,ll.
• Vitamin K is produced by bacterial Flora of human intestine and it is
absorbed in the presence of bile salts.

11. • Deficiency :-
• Deficiency occurs due to liver disease, obstructive jaundice,
malabsorption , long-term antimicrobial therapy.
• Supplements :-
• Daily supplements through diet is not necessary because
sufficient amount is synthesized by the intestinal bacterial
Flora. But in case of deficiency even 3 to 10 mg/day is sufficient.
However total requirement is about 50-100 mg/day.
• Uses:-
• Used in Hypoprothrombinemia due to hepatocellular disease
obstructive jaundice and chronic diarrhoea.
• For treating toxicity of oral Anticoagulants.

12. Fibrinogen :-
• Fibrinogen is obtained from human plasma.
• It is used to control bleeding in haemophilia and also in the
deficiency of antihemophilic Globulin (AHG).
• DOSE :- 0.5 g as I.V Infusion.
Antihaemophylic Globulin (AHG) :-
• It is highly effective in controlling bleeding.
• It is prepared from pooled human plasma.
• It is used in haemophilia and AHG deficiency.

13. Fibrinogen

14. Tissue Extract :-
• It acts by activating platelet aggregation.
• It can be used to control internal hemorrhages.
Adrenochrome:-
• It reduces capillary fragility. It prevents bleeding from raw surfaces and
micro vessels.
• Example Epistaxis ,hematuria ,and retinal hemorrhage.
Rutin:-
• It is a plant glycoside.
• It is used to reduce capillary bleeding.
• It is used with Vitamin C which facilitates its action.

15. Rutin

16. Local hemostatics ( Styptics):-
These are the substances used to stop bleeding from local sites.
They are effective on using surfaces like to sockets and open
wounds. They should never be injected.
1. Thrombin:-
• It is obtained from bovine plasma.
• It is applied on bleeding surfaces as a dry powder or as a freshly
prepared solution.
• It is used in skin grafting .

17. 2. Fibrin:-
• It is obtained from human plasma.
• It is used as sheets or foam for covering bleeding surfaces.
3. Vasoconstrictors:-
• Cotton gauze soaked in 1% adrenaline can stop epistaxis or
similar bleeding.
4. Astringent:-
• Tannic acid can be used for bleeding gums and bleeding piles.

18. Thank you