Definition of Seizure, Classsification, Mode of action, SAR of anti-epileptic drugs is described.

1. Anticonvulsants
By
Dr. Nidhi Gupta
M.M. University, Mullana, Ambala, India

2. Seizure
• A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.
It can cause changes in your behavior, movements or feelings, and in
levels of consciousness. If you have two or more seizures or a
tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy.
• There are many types of seizures, which range in severity. Seizure
types vary by where and how they begin in the brain. Most seizures
last from 30 seconds to two minutes. A seizure that lasts longer than
five minutes is a medical emergency.

17. SAR of anticonvulsants

28. Synthesis of Phenytoin
According to reported procedure, it is synthesized by condensation of benzil and urea in presence of
base (30% w/v NaOH) using ethanol as solvent which itself acts as CNS stimulant

29. Ethosuximide synthesis
1. Ethosuximide, 3-ethyl-3-methypyrrolidine-2,5-dione is synthesized
from methylethylketone and cyanoacetic ester, which are condensed in Knoevanagel reaction
conditions.
2. Then hydrogen cyanide is added to the resulting product. After
acidic hydrolysis and decarboxylation of synthesized dinitrile, 2-methyl-2-ethylsuccinic acid is
formed.
3. Reacting this product with ammonia gives the diammonium salt, and heterocyclization into
the ethosuximide takes place during subsequent heating.

30. Carbamazepine synthesis