11. What is IoT
• Network of Physical Objects
• embedded systems with electronics, software,
sensors
• enable objects to exchange data with
manufacturer, operator, other devices through
network infrastructure
12. • allow remote control
• direct integration computer + physical world
• Result: automation in all fields
13. Applications
• Media
• Environmental monitoring
• Infrastructure management
• Manufacturing
• Energy management
• Medical and health care systems
• Building and home automation
• Transportation
14. A bit of history
• The term "Internet of Things" is coined by
Kevin Ashton 1999.
• Early example, 1982, Coke machine at
Carnegie Mellon University was connected to
internet: report its inventory and temperature
15. 15
More “Things” are being connected
Home/daily-life devices
Business and
Public infrastructure
Health-care
…
16. 16
Sensor devices are becoming widely available
- Programmable devices
- Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools
17. 17
People Connecting to Things
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
ECG sensor
Internet
21. 7.2
6.8 7.6
IoT Is Here Now – and Growing!
Rapid Adoption
Rate of Digital
Infrastructure:
5X Faster Than
Electricity and
Telephony
50 Billion
“Smart Objects”
50
2010 2015 2020
0
40
30
20
10
BILLIONS
OF
DEVICES
25
12.5
Inflection
Point
TIMELINE
Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011
World
Population
22. Internet of Things (IoT)
• Extending the current Internet and providing
connection, communication, and inter-
networking between devices and physical objects,
or "Things," is a growing trend that is often
referred to as the Internet of Things.
• “The technologies and solutions that enable
integration of real world data and services into
the current information networking technologies
are often described under the umbrella term of
the Internet of Things (IoT)”
22
25. Cost savings, improved safety, superior service
Connected Rail Operations
PASSENGER SECURITY
In-station and onboard safety
Visibility into key events
ROUTE OPTIMIZATION
Enhanced Customer Service
Increased efficiency
Collision avoidance
Fuel savings
CRITICAL SENSING
Transform “data” to “actionable intelligence”
Proactive maintenance
Accident avoidance
26. Smart City
Safety, financial, and environmental benefits
CONNECTED TRAFFIC SIGNALS
Reduced congestion
Improved emergency services response times
Lower fuel usage
PARKING AND LIGHTING
Increased efficiency
Power and cost savings
New revenue opportunities
CITY SERVICES
Efficient service delivery
Increased revenues
Enhanced environmental monitoring capabilities
27. Sendai Smart Village in Japan
• Tago-Nishi is build as a smart city, including town management and health
services
• Offering personalize and context aware services, considering the data
from energy-consumption of each of the house, weather, wearable, etc.
28. Madrid City-Environmental Health
• Environmental health use case focusing on pollutants, pollen, airborne
contaminants, precise detection to offer improve accuracy of information to
citizen
• Install number of environment city sensors on-board public transportation, to
correlated with historical environment health data
32. 1. Cloud computing is going to act as
a front end for IoT. Hence in order
to increase the profit of the
service provider different
resource allocation techniques are
utilized.
33. 2. Utilization of cooperative game
theory to find a way out for
overload condition in the cellular
network due to immense M2M
uplink connections to the Base
Stations (BS).
34. 3. Scheduling schemes for the
management of the internet’s
channel’s traffic of H2H and
M2M communications
… and IoT isn’t “science fiction” or something that will happen in the future – it’s real, and it’s here now. Cisco believes that the inflection point – the point at which the number of connected devices began outnumbering the number of men, women, and children on the planet – happened about five years ago; others in the industry believe that it happened about a year and a half ago. Similarly, Cisco believes that the number of connected objects will grow to about 50 billion over the next several years, while other estimates put that number at 25, 30, or even as high as 200 billion!
Who’s right doesn’t really matter … the point is that we all universally agree on two things: 1) the point of inflection is in the past; and 2) gap is expected to widen exponentially over the next several years. So, IoT is here today, and will continue to grow!
While these benefits can certainly inspire business owners, they can also be construed as largely academic … so let’s take a look at some real-world use cases, to show how IoT will benefit us in our daily lives …
Using ruggedized cameras and communications equipment that can handle the vibration and jolts of a rapidly moving train, a connected network of IoT-enabled cameras can help improve passenger safety by analyzing and correlating events at various stations, as well as on trains – for actionable security intelligence.
The intelligence gained from multiple connected systems can help identify bottlenecks, enable routes and schedules to be tuned for greater efficiency, and even avoid collisions. Likewise, sensors attached to critical parts such as wheels can proactively determine if a part needs to be replaced – before it can cause a devastating accident. Sensors can also alert supervisors if the train is being operated in an unsafe manner, or alert the operator of important changes in track conditions.
In addition, IoT can dramatically reduce a city’s environmental impact and improve its efficiency while reducing costs:
By connecting the city’s infrastructure that controls traffic signals, it can help save fuel usage and reduce traffic congestion, reducing pollution
Controlling road lighting based on the actual need – such as when cars are approaching – can save millions of dollars and conserve energy; parking applications can let drivers know where the spots are available, and “dynamic pricing” based on need can be a new revenue source for the city.
City services such as garbage pickup can be made significantly more efficient, reducing costs and therefore adding to the city’s bottom line
Modern-day cars are a lot less mechanical than what our parents drove. Today’s cars are highly computerized, with hundreds of sensors to assess everything from tire pressure to a loose gas cap. But today, they’re hundreds of individual sensors. Today a dashboard light alerts the driver that they have a tire with low air pressure – but that’s it; no information on how low, whether or not there’s a leak, or even which tire is affected. IoT connects all of these sensors, so that data can be communicated and centrally analyzed to produce actionable intelligence. By monitoring not only the air pressure, but also: the speed of air escape; road conditions; outside temperature, atmospheric pressure, and other relevant data, a centralized controller can analyze that data to turn it into actionable intelligence … does the tire need to be serviced right away? Can it wait? Or is the loss in pressure to be expected, given the other environmental conditions?
In addition, the car has the ability to connect with the city’s infrastructure that controls traffic signals and road lighting, and monitors public parking spaces to save fuel and reduce traffic congestion.
Finally, the sensors can interact with third-party applications such as GPS/mapping to enable dynamic re-routing to avoid traffic, accidents, and other hazards. Similarly, Internet-based entertainment including music and move streaming/downloads can maximize the comfort of a road trip.
As mentioned on the previous slide, the “IoT Network” isn’t a completely separate entity … rather, it utilizes the existing IT network as its foundation, and then supplements it with operational technology (OT) and the billions of sensors, devices, and other smart objects.