This document discusses migration patterns in Pakistan. It defines types of migration as in-migration, out-migration, and internal rural-to-urban migration. Key push factors for rural-urban migration include overpopulation, unemployment, and natural disasters, while pull factors are better employment, services, food, and living standards in urban areas. The rapid growth of cities from uncontrolled migration puts pressure on infrastructure and housing, increases pollution, and leads to social and security problems if not managed sustainably.

1. Migration
Credits:
Abdul Rafay Butt
Muhammad Ahmad
Tohami Bin Shafiq
Abubakr Mughal
Hamza Asjid

2. Migration
 Movement of people from one area to another.
Types of migration
 In-migration: people arriving in the area from other
places. (Immigrants)
 Out-migration: People leaving the area to go to other
areas. (emigrants)
 Migration can be internal, within a country such as
rural to urban.

3. Factors of rural-urban migration.
Rural push
factors.
Urban pull
factors.
•Over population.
•Unemployment(mechan
ization)
•Natural disasters like
flood.
•Pressure on land.
•Better employment.
•Good services such as
hospitals etc.
•Better quality of food.
•Better life standard.

4. Sindh, 48.90%
Punjab, 31.30%
Balochistan, 23.
30%
NWFP, 16.90%
Urbanized provinces.
Sources – THE ENVIROMENT OF PAKISTAN BY HUMA NAZ
SHETI – pg 215

5. Problems resulting from Rural-
Urban Migration
Housing
Problems:
 Deterioration of living
conditions
 Increased Health
hazards.
 The rapid growth of
slums.
Environmental
Problems:
 Air, water and land
pollution is caused by
high population in urban
areas.
 Surface and ground
water is contaminated by
dumping of industrial
waste.

6. Pressure on
infrastructure
facilities:
 Rural to urban migration
overburdens all the
resources of urban areas
such as the food supply.
 The infrastructure system
of urban areas is normally
not designed to cope with
the needs of growing
population.
Increase in crime rate
and terrorist attacks:
 Due to lack of employment
opportunities and greater
exposure to the
media, young people are
getting involved in crimes.
 Terrorist organizations use
the employed youth for
terrorist activities.

7. Social and Psychological
problems:
 Rural to urban migration
disturbs the Social
structure.
 A number of people get
indulged in child abuse
and drugs.
The unplanned growth
of cities:
 The unplanned
construction by the
commercial companies is
posing another threat to
the civic facilities.
 The composition of the
rural population is also
disturbed as more men
migrate to urban areas
than women.

8. Out-Migration From Pakistan
 Developmental projects in the Middle East attracted
the skilled and unskilled laborers.
 The glamorous lifestyle of the advanced countries has
attracted people.
 High crime rates and terrorists activities in Pakistan
have created unrest among people.
 Depopulation in other countries like Canada
encourage emigrantssa from Pakistan.

9. Sustainable Population Growth
 It refers to a size of population that can be effectively
supported by an economies resources at all times.
 Achieved when rate of population is proportionate to
development of resources.
What happens if the population growth is not
sustainable?
 Over population can decrease economy growth.
 Burden on facilities such as education institutions.
 Outgoes basic necessities such as water, electricity etc.
 Pollution.

10. Effects of un-sustainable population
growth in Pakistan.
 Population will reach to 220 million till 2020.
 Decline in economic growth.
 Increase on illiteracy rate.
 Increase the global warming.
 Results in natural disasters such as drought damaging
Pakistan’s economy and Health.
How to maintain a sustainable population growth ?
 Increase awareness among the people.
 Promote family planning methods.
 Attain balance between resources and population growth.